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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Stimulus Variability on the Amplitude and Habituation of the Electrodermal Orienting Response (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 15 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Two experiments using 12 male subjects were conducted to study the effects of stimulus information on the amplitude and habituation of the electrodermal orienting response (OR). Visual stimuli which could be varied along information, contour, and symmetry dimensions were presented. In the first experiment, 2 series of 10 different stimuli each were presented; 1 series was characterized by high information and high contour, the other by low information and low contour. No difference in OR habituation between the 2 series was found. In the second experiment, the 2 series of stimuli were again presented with 3 test stimuli inserted at Trials 3, 6 and 9. Test stimuli differed from habituation stimuli by symmetry or information and/or contour. Changes in stimulus information or contour, but not symmetry, resulted in OR recovery. OR recovery did not result in dishabituation of the following stimuli. Results are interpreted as favoring an information processing model of OR habituation. Findings suggest that laws governing habituation processes under conditions of identical stimulus presentations may differ from those operating when stimuli are variable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb03108.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPECIFIC MOTOR DISABILITIES IN DOWNS SYNDROME (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 15 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Children with Down's syndrome (Mongolism) were compared with severely subnormal autistic children and with normal children on two simple motor tasks: pursuit rotor tracking and finger tapping. Although the groups were matched on initial tracking performance, Down's syndrome children failed to show any improvement after a 5 min rest, while both comparison groups showed a very marked improvement. Furthermore, in the finger tapping task, Down's syndrome children were abnormally slow compared to the other groups. Neither the level of mental development nor the degree of general mental retardation can account for these deficits. It is hypothesised that Down's syndrome is associated with specific difficulties in using long term motor programmes and that mongol children may therefore be dependent on simple feedback processes to perform motor tasks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1974.tb01253.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of rostral prefrontal cortex in selection between stimulus-oriented and stimulus-independent thought (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain activity while healthy subjects performed three different tasks, each of which alternated between: (i) phases relying on stimulus-oriented thought (i.e. cognitive processes provoked by incoming sensory information); and (ii) phases relying on stimulus-independent thought (i.e. cognitive processes that were not related to any information in the immediate sensory environment). Within each task, the two phases were matched as closely as possible. In all three tasks, lateral rostral prefrontal cortex was transiently activated by a switch between stimulus-oriented and stimulus-independent thought (regardless of the direction of the switch). Medial rostral prefrontal cortex consistently exhibited sustained activity for stimulus-oriented vs. stimulus-independent thought. These results suggest the involvement of rostral prefrontal cortex in selection between stimulus-oriented and stimulus-independent cognitive processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03981.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereotyped responding on a two-choice guessing task by marmosets and humans treated with amphetamine (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 560-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamines ; Perseveration ; Alternation ; Lyon-Robbins hypothesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The performance of normal human volunteers and marmosets on a 2-choice guessing task was assessed after saline (control) or amphetamine administration. In human subjects the drug increased the number of alternation responses, which can be interpreted as an increase in stereotyped switching and which is similar to the response pattern produced by some groups of psychotic patients on the same task (Frith and Done 1983; Lyon et al. 1986). Marmosets treated with amphetamine showed an increase in perseverative responding compatible with that seen on other types of task. Our conclusion is that dopaminergic systems are involved in behavioural choice mechanisms and that a dysfunction of these systems may contribute to the symptomatology of psychosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172977
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Routes to action in reaction time tasks (1986)
    Springer
    Psychological research 48 (1986), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-2772
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Summary Two-choice tactile RTs are no faster than 8-choice tasks, implying the existence of a ‘direct’ route. However, simple tactile RTs are much faster than choice tactile RTs (Leonard, 1959). In Experiment I we show that this is not due to subjects anticipating the stimulus in simple tactile RT tasks. Increasing probability of stimulus occurrence at a particular time led to equally decreased tactile RTs for simple and choice tasks. We suggest that an alternative route is available for simple RTs which is faster than the ‘direct’ route available for choice tactile RTs. This route is faster because (a) the response can be specified in advance, and (b) the stimulus does not need to be identified. The subject needs merely to register that it has occurred. In Experiment II we show that simple RTs to a visual stimulus are decreased by a simultaneous uninformative tactile stimulus even when this is to the wrong finger. This confirms that exact stimulus identification is not necessary in the ‘fast’ route. In Experiment III we show that a secondary task slows down simple tactile RTs to the same level as choice tactile RTs while the latter are hardly affected. This suggests that focussed attention is not needed for the ‘direct’ route, but it is needed for the ‘fast’ route. We propose that a useful distinction can be made between action largely controlled by external stimuli (the ‘direct’ route) and action largely controlled by internal intentions of will (the fast route).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309165
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
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    Selective retrieval and free emission of category exemplars in schizophrenia (1983)
    London, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    British journal of psychology. 74 (1983) 481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-1269
    Topics: Psychology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:0047-1983-074-00-000044
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopaminergic mechanisms and cognitive deficit in schizophrenia (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 63 (1979), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Lateral inhibition ; Attention ; Schizophrenia ; Model for schizophrenia ; Schizophrenic symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A hypothesis is briefly discussed proposing that schizophrenic symptoms are due to a breakdown in a mechanism by which conscious attention is limited and directed. It is shown that this mechanism can be modelled in terms of a simple nerve network in which every channel inhibits all the others. Failure of this inhibition would cause the defect hypothesised to occur in schizophrenia. It is shown that if dopamine is given a central role as transmitter in such a network then the various predictions about the biochemistry of schizophrenia that follow are not only consistent with the evidence for the ‘dopamine theory’ of schizophrenia, but also with much of the evidence held to be contrary to that theory. While not purporting to be an experimentally validated description of schizophrenia, this model goes beyond the single amine theories of schizophrenia and links dysfunctions in amine systems with specific behavioural control mechanisms. Given the current state of knowledge, such models can make only limited predictions about the biochemistry of schizophrenia. However, an attempt to link behavioural and biochemical systems in this way will be crucial for the development of viable animal models of schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433561
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic and strategic volitional saccadic eye movements in psychotic patients (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 239 (1989), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Saccades ; Automatic and strategic processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Drug-free schizophrenics were compared with depressive psychotics and normal controls on two saccade initiation tasks which differed with respect to the type of stimulus that initiated a saccadic response. Strategic initiation (SIS) appears to use a route different from that in automatic initiation (AIS). The SIS task revealed slowed responding in psychiatrically ill patients if their cognition was impaired, but all groups responded similarly on the AIS task. Schizophrenics could be separated from depressed psychotics by their inability to utilize temporal redundancy to speed up saccade initiation on the SIS task. Neurophysiological evidence implicates specific impairments in the frontal eye field (FEF) and/or basal ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739740
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Book
    Book
    Gehirn und Geist / (2012)
    Heidelberg :Spektrum, Akad. Verl.,
    Details
    Title: Gehirn und Geist /
    Author: Carter, Rita
    Contributer: Frith, Christopher D. , Niehaus, Monika
    Uniform Title: Mapping the mind 〈dt.〉
    Publisher: Heidelberg :Spektrum, Akad. Verl.,
    Year of publication: 2012
    Pages: VII, 374 S. : , zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. ; , 20 cm
    Series Statement: Spektrum-Akademischer-Verlag-Sachbuch
    ISBN: 3-8274-2919-6 , 978-3-8274-2919-3
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: German
    URL: http://d-nb.info/1015135579/04
    URL: http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3879582&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm
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    ZIB Catalog
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