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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SURF II: Characteristics, facilities, and plans : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1594-1595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This facility report describes the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF II) operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland. SURF II is a 300-MeV electron storage ring which provides well characterized continuum radiation from the far infrared to the soft x-ray region with the critical wavelength at 17.4 nm. Brief descriptions are given of the user facilities, the characteristics of the synchrotron radiation, the main storage ring, the injector system and each of the operating beam lines, and associated instruments. Further description is given of expansion plans for additional beam lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142986
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiometry at the NIST SURF II storage ring facility : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2257-2259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, MD, is the site of the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF II). The synchrotron radiation from the 300 MeV electron storage ring is used for most of the NIST radiometry programs in the far ultraviolet. Continuum radiation from SURF II extends from the infrared to about 4 nm (310 eV) and is a standard source for the calibration of integrated optical systems, particularly space experiments. The SURF II facility is also used for a large portion of the NIST far ultraviolet transfer detector standards program, in which spectrally calibrated detector standards are available from 5 nm (248 eV) to 254 nm (4.9 eV). One of the most recent activities has been the development of a new apparatus designed to qualify working standards for calibration of the NIST MgF2 windowed far ultraviolet transfer standard detectors. Additionally, new radiometric quality silicon photodiodes have now been developed. These detectors offer many improvements onver NIST's photoemissive standards. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145723
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plans for conversion of SURF II to SURF III : The 9th National conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3345-3346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF II) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, has served as a primary radiometric standard in the vacuum ultraviolet region since its conversion from a synchrotron to an electron storage ring in 1974. The magnet iron, however, dates back to an original betatron design of the late 1940s. The advent of both modern materials and methods of finite element analysis have made possible the design of magnets offering far greater dc performance than the existing SURF system. In this paper we discuss the general design and plans to convert SURF II to SURF III, which will offer reduced radiometric uncertainty, an increase in energy from 300 MeV to 385 MeV, a modernized control system, and two new beamlines, which are not presently possible. Anticipated new beamline activities include a substantial new effort devoted to radiometric improvements from IR to far UV and development of stations for microspectoscopy and electroreflectance. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147454
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synchrotron ultraviolet radiation facility SURF III : Papers from the 12th National Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Conference (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1674-1676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has operated the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF) continuously since the early 1960s. The original accelerator was converted into a storage ring, called SURF II, in 1974. Then in 1998, motivated mainly by limitations in the accuracy of radiometric calibrations and the wish to extend the spectrum of the emitted synchrotron radiation to shorter wavelengths, a second major upgrade was performed. This time the whole magnet system was replaced to improve the calculability and allow for higher magnetic fields. Since the recommissioning of SURF III we have been working to improve the stability of the stored electron beam through modifications of the radio-frequency system, leading to operations with unprecedented stability and new record injection currents topping 700 mA. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1445833
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PYROELECTRIC EFFECT IN COLLAGENOUS STRUCTURES (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 238 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb26777.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of Saprolegnia parasitica from the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 92 (1991), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(91)90014-X
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of a phosphorylated form of phosphofructokinase from skeletal muscle
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 62 (1976), S. 118-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(76)80032-4
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expressive power of voting polynomials (1994)
    Springer
    Combinatorica 14 (1994), S. 135-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6912
    Keywords: 68 Q 15 ; 05 E 35 ; 42 C 10 ; 94 C 10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the problem of approximating a Boolean functionf∶{0,1} n →{0,1} by the sign of an integer polynomialp of degreek. For us, a polynomialp(x) predicts the value off(x) if, wheneverp(x)≥0,f(x)=1, and wheneverp(x)〈0,f(x)=0. A low-degree polynomialp is a good approximator forf if it predictsf at almost all points. Given a positive integerk, and a Boolean functionf, we ask, “how good is the best degreek approximation tof?” We introduce a new lower bound technique which applies to any Boolean function. We show that the lower bound technique yields tight bounds in the casef is parity. Minsky and Papert [10] proved that a perceptron cannot compute parity; our bounds indicate exactly how well a perceptron canapproximate it. As a consequence, we are able to give the first correct proof that, for a random oracleA, PP A is properly contained in PSPACE A . We are also able to prove the old AC0 exponential-size lower bounds in a new way. This allows us to prove the new result that an AC0 circuit with one majority gate cannot approximate parity. Our proof depends only on basic properties of integer polynomials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215346
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