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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 107 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 101 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Binding of the two photosensitizers, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP), to serum proteins and to epidermis was measured. 8-MOP binds to serum proteins with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 4 × 10-5m. Under conditions of oral therapy, serum concentrations of the photosensitizer 2 h after administration are usually in the range of 100–1000 ng per ml serum. In this concentration range, 75–80% of the drug was found to be reversibly bound to serum proteins. 5-MOP shows a higher binding affinity to serum proteins and 98–99% of the drug is protein bound. The binding of both psoralen derivatives appears to take place mainly to serum albumin. 5-MOP and 8-MOP bind to different and non-interacting sites on serum proteins and the binding of the on has no effect on the binding of the other methoxypsoralen.Both photosensitizers bind reversibly to human epidermis. 8-MOP concentration in the epidermis is increased by ten to twenty fold compared with the equilibrium buffer. 5-MOP shows a higher binding affinity, resulting in a higher tissue concentration of the photosensitizer. As in serum, the two drugs appear to be bound in the epidermis to independent and non-interacting sites.No binding competition was found between the two methoxypsoralens and hydrocortisone, fluo-cinonide and acetyl salicylic acid, either in serum or in epidermis, using up to 1000 fold higher concentrations as compared with those of 5-MOP and 8-MOP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 171 (1988), S. 238-247 
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Keywords: binding assay ; binding protein ; gel filtration ; quantitation ; receptors (general) ; retinoids ; vitamins
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 226 (1970), S. 862-863 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Studies on G-6-PD using enzymatic methods1 and cyto-chemical techniques (unpublished results of L. A. R., D. S. and T. Menashe) showed that both normal and G-6-PD deficient erythrocytes of various age groups differ in their enzymatic activity. Because these findings imply that the changes in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 268 (1980), S. 129-140 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Epidermis ; Enrichment ; Binding ; 8-MOP ; 5-MOP ; Epidermis ; Anreicherung ; Bindung ; 8-MOP ; 5-MOP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit wird eine einfache Methode zur Messung der Anreicherung von verschiedenen Substanzen im epidermalen Gewebe beschrieben. Die Gewebeprobe (2–10 mg) wird in einer physiologischen Lösung mit der radioaktivmarkierten Substanz bis zum Gleichgewicht inkubiert (12–36 h). Die Radioaktivität der Lösung wird vor und nach der Inkubation gemenssen. Die Differenz zwischen den beiden Messungen wird als Maß für die Anreicherung der Substanz im Gewebe genommen. Unter Berücksichtigung der spezifischen dichte der Epidermis, die bei Vorversuchen an isolierter menschlicher Epidermis als 1,2 g/cm3 bestimmt wurde, wird die Konzentration der Substanz in der Epidermis berechnet. Die nach dieser indirekten Methode berechnete Konzentration stimmt mit der tatsächlich gefundenen Konzentration der Substanz in der Epidermis nach alkalischer Hydrolyse überein. Die Anreicherung im epidermalen Gewebe wurde an alpha-Östradiol, Thiopyronin, 5-MOP, 8-MOP und Theophyllin untersucht. Außer bei Theophyllin wurde bei allen anderen untersuchten Substanzen eine 10–500 fach höhere Konzentration im Gewebe gefunden. Die Analyse der Ergebnisse, um eine reversible Bindung von einer Verteilung der Substanz zwischen den Zellkomponenten zu unterscheiden, zeigte sich im Falle von Thiopyronin und 8-MOP eine reversible Bindung mit einer Dissoziationskostanten von 10-7 und 10-5, hinsichtlich von 5-MOP und alpha-Östradiol eine partielle Verteilung. Diese Methode kann als eine schnelle Screening-Methode oder als eine quantitative Analyse zur Charkterisierung der Anreicherung von Substanzen im Gewebe angewendet werden.
    Notes: Summary A rapid and simple method is described for measuring the enrichment of small molecules in epidermal tissue. To measure such an enrichment, a small tissue sample (2–10 mg) is allowed to equilibrate with a buffered solution of a labelled substance for periods of 12–36 h. The concentration of the radioactive molecule in the tissue is measured as a decrease of radioactivity in the solution. Concentration measurements in the tissue itself can be performed, but are not required to detect enrichment in the tissue or to assess its magnitude. The specific density of appendage free human epidermis has been determined and was found to be 1.20 g/cm3. Using this value, tissue weight can be translated into volume and concentration changes in the solution can be recalculated to yield the concentration of the substance in the tissue itself. Close agreement was found between the calculated tissue concentration and the values actually measured, following digestion of the epidermis with NaOH and measuring the activity in the tissue digest. The enrichment of five substances in human epidermis was measured: α-estradiol, thiopyronine, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP), and theophylline. Of these substances, the first four are concentrated by human epidermis and the concentrations reached within the tissue are 10–500 times higher than the concentration of the same substance in the surrounding buffer. The enrichment data has been analysed in an attempt to distinguish between reversible affinity binding to specific tissue sites and partitioning of the substances between buffer and tissue components (lipids, membranes, etc.). In the case of thiopyronine and 8-MOP, reversible binding is indicated with dissociation constants of 10-7 M and 10-5 M, respectively, while partitioning distribution could account for the behavior of 5-MOP and α-estradiol. The method can be used either as a rapid screening method or as a quantitative analysis for the characterization of tissue enrichment with specific drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 263 (1978), S. 215-222 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: 8-Methoxypsoralen ; GC-Determination ; Serum concentration ; Serum kinetics ; 8-Methoxypsoralen ; GC-Bestimmung ; Serumkonzentration ; Serumkinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird die Isolierung und quantitative gaschromatographische Bestimmung des 8-MOP. Die Methode umfaßt die Extraktion des Medikaments aus dem Serum, die Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (DC) des Extraktes und anschließende Gas-Chromatographie (GC) des Eluates aus den DC-Platten. Die Bestimmung der Serumkonzentration des 8-MOP nach oraler Verabreichung erfolgte entweder gaschromatographisch oder durch Messung der Radioaktivität im Serum bei der Tritium-markierten Substanz. Mit der GC-Methode wurden maximale Serumspiegel von 0,4–1,5 μg 8-MOP pro ml 70–90 min nach oraler Verabreichung von 50 mg gefunden. Aus der gemessenen Tritium-Menge wurde 40 min nach der Verabreichung von 20 mg 8-MOP eine maximale Serumkonzentration von 0,9 μg 8-MOP pro ml errechnet. Die Radioaktivitätsmessung ist durch eine sehr hohe Empfindlichkeit ausgezeichnet, unterscheidet aber nicht zwischen dem Pharmakon und seinen Metaboliten. Die GC-Methode andererseits weist nur die ursprüngliche Substanz nach und wird nicht durch die Anwesenheit von Abbauprodukten beeinflußt. Eine schnelle Resorption des Medikaments über dem Gastrointestinaltrakt wurde beobachtet. Das Medikament wird schnell metabolisiert und mit einer Halbwertszeit von 1,5 h ausgeschieden. Mit Hilfe der GC konnte 10 h nach oraler Aufnahme kein 8-MOP im Serum nachgewiesen werden. Die Ausscheidung radioaktiver Metaboliten hält jedoch mehrere Tage an und könnte besonders bei dem zur Zeit vorherrschenden Schema von vier Behandlungen pro Woche auf eine Kumulation der Metaboliten hinweisen.
    Notes: Summary The isolation and gas chromatographic quantitation of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is described. The method involves extraction of the drug from serum, thin layer chromatography of the extract and gas liquid chromatography of the eluate from the thin layer plate. Serum concentrations of 8-methoxypsoralen after oral administration have been determined. The drug concentrations were determined by gas chromatography or after administration of tritiated drug, by measuring the radioactivity in serum. Using the gas chromatographic method, maximal serum levels of 0.4–1.5 μg 8-MOP per ml were found 70–90 min after oral administration of 50 mg of the drug. Measuring tritium levels in serum, maximal concentration of 0.9 μg 8-MOP per ml was calculated, reached 40 min after administration of 20 mg of tritium labelled 8-MOP. Measuring radioactivity, the sensitivity is very high, but the method does not distinguish between the original drug and its metabolic products. The gas chromatographic method, on the other hand, detects the original drug and the results are not affected by the presence of breakdown products. Rapid absorption of the drug from the gastro-intestinal tract was observed following oral administration. The drug is rapidly metabolised and excreted from the body, showing an apparent half life time of about 1.5 h. No detectable drug could be found in serum 10 h after administration when the GLC method was used; however, excretion of radioactive metabolites continued over several days and may indicate a possible accumulation of metabolites, especially in cases when a frequent 8-MOP treatment schedule is applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 278 (1986), S. 293-297 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Human epidermal keratinocytes ; β-Adrenergic receptors ; Adenylate cyclase ; Membranes ; Agonist activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The β-adrenergic receptors, previously shown to be present on the membranes of cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, were found to be functionally coupled to membrane-bound adenylate cyclase. Using membrane preparations, the enzyme could be activated by guanosine triphosphate (GTP), the stable GTP analog GPP(HN)p, and NaF, all of which are known to activate the adenylate cyclase without interacting with membrane receptors. Binding of catecholamine agonists (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol) to the β-adrenergic receptors is followed by an increase in the activity of adenylate cyclase. This activation could be reversed (or prevented) by β-adrenergic antagonists, but was unaffect by the presence of α-adrenergic ligands (either agonists or antagonists). The activation by catecholamines appears to be directly related to receptor occupancy, since the activation constant (K a) of adenylate cyclase for the three catecholamines was found to be very similar to the equilibrium dissociation constant (K d) determined from competition binding experiments. The activation of adenylate cyclase under these conditions appears to be restricted to the catecholamine agonists only. The non-catecholamine β-adrenergic agonists (salbutamol, terbutaline) did not show any measurable activation of adenylate cyclase, even though these agonists were shown previously to bind to the β-adrenergic receptors on keratinocyte membranes with the expected affinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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