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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 91 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method is described which permits the direct measurement of the activity of individual cytoplasmic enzymes in vivo. Those demonstrated include the cytoplasmic enzymes lactatc dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, glutamate oxalacetate transaminase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase; whereas, the mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase were not measurable. The reactions observed in our experiments seem to be mediated by an active transport of hydrogen across the cell membrane.In an extension of this technique to human epidermis in situ, we have shown an increased level of the intracellular LDH activity in psoriatic lesions, and demonstrated a marked reduction following the systemic administration of a single dose of prednisolone or methotrexate. Our method should find application in the following fields:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1The study of regulatory mechanisms within the cell.2The elucidation of the cellular pathology in diseases such as psoriasis.3Investigation of the effects of pharmacological agents at a cellular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 117 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using a rat dermatosis model, produced by dietary essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), which is characterized by histological changes and elevated transepidermal water loss, changes in skin permeability were studied using [14C]-hydrocortisone (HC). Skin, serum and urinary levels of HC were measured, and absorption and excretion of HC in EFAD rats compared with that in control rats on a normal diet.This animal model has demonstrated the importance of the functional integrity of the horny layer in skin penetration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 111 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 102 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This preliminary study suggests that a 1 h application of dithranol may be effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is conceivable that short application periods for other topically applied agents, e. g. corticosteroids, may reduce the side-effects in non-affected skin, while maintaining the therapeutic benefit in diseased areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 105 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 101 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Binding of the two photosensitizers, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP), to serum proteins and to epidermis was measured. 8-MOP binds to serum proteins with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 4 × 10-5m. Under conditions of oral therapy, serum concentrations of the photosensitizer 2 h after administration are usually in the range of 100–1000 ng per ml serum. In this concentration range, 75–80% of the drug was found to be reversibly bound to serum proteins. 5-MOP shows a higher binding affinity to serum proteins and 98–99% of the drug is protein bound. The binding of both psoralen derivatives appears to take place mainly to serum albumin. 5-MOP and 8-MOP bind to different and non-interacting sites on serum proteins and the binding of the on has no effect on the binding of the other methoxypsoralen.Both photosensitizers bind reversibly to human epidermis. 8-MOP concentration in the epidermis is increased by ten to twenty fold compared with the equilibrium buffer. 5-MOP shows a higher binding affinity, resulting in a higher tissue concentration of the photosensitizer. As in serum, the two drugs appear to be bound in the epidermis to independent and non-interacting sites.No binding competition was found between the two methoxypsoralens and hydrocortisone, fluo-cinonide and acetyl salicylic acid, either in serum or in epidermis, using up to 1000 fold higher concentrations as compared with those of 5-MOP and 8-MOP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 268 (1980), S. 183-189 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Photochemotherapy ; Minimum phototoxicity dose (MPD) ; Conventional light sources ; Pulsed and continuous (cw) lasers ; Photochemotherapie ; minimale Phototoxizitätsdosis (MPD) ; konventionelle Strahlenquellen ; gepulste und Dauerstrichlaser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um die Photochemotherapie optimieren zu können, wurde in einer Pilotstudie an jeweils 5–7 Probanden die Wirkung von Strahlenquellen, die qualitativ verschiedenartiges UVA emittieren, auf die minimale Phototoxizitätsdosis (MPD) untersucht. Für die Beurteilung des Erythems war die visuelle Ablesung besser geeignet als die Reflexionsphotometrie, die Thermometrie erfaßte die Erythemstärke am schlechtesten. Während sich zwischen einem PUVA-4000-Gerät und einem kontinuierlich emittierenden Argon-Ionen-Laser mit einer Leistung von 40 bzw. 400 mW intraindividuell keine Unterschiede in der MPD fanden, erwies sich die gepulste Laserstrahlung eines Stickstoff-Molekül-Lasers als effektiver. Die eingeschränkte Gültigkeit des Bunsen-Roscoeschen Reziprozitätsgesetzes für hohe Strahldichten läßt sich mithin auch an photochemischen Sekundärreaktionen der Haut nachweisen. Beim N2-Laser (λ=337,1 nm) war die Wirkung bei einer 20-Hz-Wiederholungsfrequenz stärker als bei 10 und 40 Hz, bei einem Farbstofflaser (λ=325 bzw. 330 nm) war die MPD intraindividuell bei 25 Hz höher als bei 16,7 und 10 Hz.
    Notes: Summary A pilot study was performed on groups of 5–7 volunteers to evaluate the minimum phototoxicity dose (MPD) of several light sources with different UVA qualities to optimise photochemotherapy. Visual observation was more suitable than reflection photometry in determining the threshold and gradation of erythema reactions; thermometry gave poor results. There were no individual differences between the MPD of a PUVA 4000 box and a continuously emitting argon-ion laser with 40 and 400 mW, respectively. The pulsed radiation of a nitrogen laser was the most effective. The limited validity of the Bunsen-Roscoe law for high peak power could thus be tested for a secondary photochemical reaction of the skin. The nitrogen laser (337.1 nm) proved that a repetition rate of 20 Hz was superior to 10 and 40 Hz. The MPD was intraindividually higher at 25 Hz than at 10 and 16.7 Hz for the dye laser tested (325 and 330 nm, respectively).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 263 (1978), S. 215-222 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: 8-Methoxypsoralen ; GC-Determination ; Serum concentration ; Serum kinetics ; 8-Methoxypsoralen ; GC-Bestimmung ; Serumkonzentration ; Serumkinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird die Isolierung und quantitative gaschromatographische Bestimmung des 8-MOP. Die Methode umfaßt die Extraktion des Medikaments aus dem Serum, die Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (DC) des Extraktes und anschließende Gas-Chromatographie (GC) des Eluates aus den DC-Platten. Die Bestimmung der Serumkonzentration des 8-MOP nach oraler Verabreichung erfolgte entweder gaschromatographisch oder durch Messung der Radioaktivität im Serum bei der Tritium-markierten Substanz. Mit der GC-Methode wurden maximale Serumspiegel von 0,4–1,5 μg 8-MOP pro ml 70–90 min nach oraler Verabreichung von 50 mg gefunden. Aus der gemessenen Tritium-Menge wurde 40 min nach der Verabreichung von 20 mg 8-MOP eine maximale Serumkonzentration von 0,9 μg 8-MOP pro ml errechnet. Die Radioaktivitätsmessung ist durch eine sehr hohe Empfindlichkeit ausgezeichnet, unterscheidet aber nicht zwischen dem Pharmakon und seinen Metaboliten. Die GC-Methode andererseits weist nur die ursprüngliche Substanz nach und wird nicht durch die Anwesenheit von Abbauprodukten beeinflußt. Eine schnelle Resorption des Medikaments über dem Gastrointestinaltrakt wurde beobachtet. Das Medikament wird schnell metabolisiert und mit einer Halbwertszeit von 1,5 h ausgeschieden. Mit Hilfe der GC konnte 10 h nach oraler Aufnahme kein 8-MOP im Serum nachgewiesen werden. Die Ausscheidung radioaktiver Metaboliten hält jedoch mehrere Tage an und könnte besonders bei dem zur Zeit vorherrschenden Schema von vier Behandlungen pro Woche auf eine Kumulation der Metaboliten hinweisen.
    Notes: Summary The isolation and gas chromatographic quantitation of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is described. The method involves extraction of the drug from serum, thin layer chromatography of the extract and gas liquid chromatography of the eluate from the thin layer plate. Serum concentrations of 8-methoxypsoralen after oral administration have been determined. The drug concentrations were determined by gas chromatography or after administration of tritiated drug, by measuring the radioactivity in serum. Using the gas chromatographic method, maximal serum levels of 0.4–1.5 μg 8-MOP per ml were found 70–90 min after oral administration of 50 mg of the drug. Measuring tritium levels in serum, maximal concentration of 0.9 μg 8-MOP per ml was calculated, reached 40 min after administration of 20 mg of tritium labelled 8-MOP. Measuring radioactivity, the sensitivity is very high, but the method does not distinguish between the original drug and its metabolic products. The gas chromatographic method, on the other hand, detects the original drug and the results are not affected by the presence of breakdown products. Rapid absorption of the drug from the gastro-intestinal tract was observed following oral administration. The drug is rapidly metabolised and excreted from the body, showing an apparent half life time of about 1.5 h. No detectable drug could be found in serum 10 h after administration when the GLC method was used; however, excretion of radioactive metabolites continued over several days and may indicate a possible accumulation of metabolites, especially in cases when a frequent 8-MOP treatment schedule is applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 264 (1979), S. 29-35 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Melanin granula distribution ; PUVA ; Psoriasis vulgaris ; Melanin phygocytosis ; Mast cells ; Melaningranulaverteilung ; PUVA ; Psoriasis vulgaris ; Melaninphagozytose ; Mastzellen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Melaningranulatgehalt der Zellen des Stratum basale, die melaningranulahaltigen Makrophagen der Dermis, Mastzellen, eosinophile Granulocyten und Plasmazellen wurden unter PUVA-Therapie quantitativ untersucht. Eine natürliche Sonnenexposition ging Wochen bis Monate voraus. Mit Giemsa-, Hämatoxylin-Eosin-, Toluidin-und Plasmazellfärbungen wurden Biopsien aus psoriatisch gesunder und psoriatisch veränderter Haut von 28 Patienten vor und 39 Patienten nach PUVA-Therapie mit Hilfe eines Netzmikrometers mit einer Gesamtfläche von 0,1 mm2 an über 9000 Gesichtsfeldern ausgezählt. Die durchschnittliche Bestrahlungszahl betrug 12 bei einer durchschnittlichen Gesamtenergie von 21,5 J/cm2. Es zeigte sich, daß im psoriatisch gesunden Hautbereich die Zahl der Melaningranula in den Basalzellen ab und die Zahl der Melaningranula im psoriatischen Herd deutlich zunimmt. Die subepidermal gelegenen melaninhaltigen Phagocyten nahmen in beiden Hautarealen gleichermaßen zu. Bei den Mastzellen entwickelte sich kein Trend zur Degranulation. Eosinophile Granulocyten und Plasmazellen blieben unverändert.
    Notes: Summary Melanin-containing basal cells of the epidermis, melanin-containing macrophages, mast cells, eosinophilic granulocytes and plasma cells were quantitatively investigated with the purpose of gaining an understanding of the quantitative changes in these cell systems under PUVA therapy. This patients have been exposed to solar radiation some weeks ore months before the begin of the PUVA-treatment. Different dying-processes were used to investigate biopsy samples of psoriatically healthy and psoriatically affected skin, from 28 patients before, and 39 patients after PUVA therapy, using a 2 d μm with a field of view of 0.1 mm2. Altogether more than 9,000 fields of view have been analysed. The average radiation amount was 12 irradiations with an average total energy of 21.5 J/cm2. It was found that the count of granula-containing basal layer cells decreases in the psoriatic “healthy” region due to pigment incontinence and increase in the psoriatically affected region. The subepidermal melanincontaining phagocytes increase in both regions to a similar extent. In the case of the mast cells there was no trend to degranulation. The count of eosinophilic granulocytes and plasma cells was unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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