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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CSF β-EP in headache and depression (1985)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 5 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of b-endorphin (b-EP) were measured in 9 migraineurs with interparoxysmal headache (MIH), in 13 patients with major depression in an active phase (5 suffered from MIH), and in 16 age-matched controls. b-EP was measured by specific RIA after gel-chromatography. While b-EP levels of depressed patients (58.5 ± 21.0 fmolml, M ± SD) were similar to those of controls (65.8 ± 26.6), those of migraineurs (15.0 ± 11.1) were significantly reduced (p 〈 0.01). In depressed patients also suffering from MIH, b-EP concentrations (22.8 ± 7.2, p 〈 0.05) were half those reported in depressed patients without pain problems. The reduced CSF b-EP levels in patients whose headache and depression coexist support the notion that this neuropeptide is concerned with chronic pain, independently of the affective state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1985.0502099.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced testosterone levels in cluster headache: a stress-related phenomenon? (1986)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 6 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The circadian changes in testosterone (T) and cortisol secretion and morning luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were evaluated in nine episodic cluster headache (CH) patients in active phase and in seven healthy volunteers, with collection of blood samples every 2 h for 24 h. CH showed a significant reduction of the 24-h integrated mean T value (mesor) (4.4 + 1.1 ng/ml; x± SD) in comparison with controls (6.6 ± 0.8 ng/ml) (P 〈 0.0l). Both groups had plasma T circadian rhythm with peak values in early morning, but in CH single cosinor analysis showed its absence in three out of nine CH patients. The rhythm showed an acrophase delay of 101 min in CH. Both patients and controls had a significant circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol concentration. CH patients, however, showed an acrophase delay of 106 min and significantly increased concentrations from 1200 h to 2000 h. Morning LH values were similar in the two groups. The reduced secretion of plasma T in CH patients in the active phase coexisted with an acrophase delay of its circadian rhythm. A similar delay was found in 24-h plasma cortisol levels. We suggest that stress accompanying attack expectancy in the active phase is the mechanism behind the elevated plasma cortisol levels. This in turn could reduce T concentrations, acting at the testicular level. These disturbances in internal chronoorganization support the hypothesis that cluster headache is basically a dyschronic disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1986.0601029.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opioid control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis cyclically fails in menstrual migraine (1990)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 10 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To assess the biological correlates of the precipitation of migraine attacks in the perimenstrual period, plasma b-endorphin (b-EP) and cortisol responses to naloxone (8 mg iv) and corticotropin releasing hormone (100 μg iv) were evaluated in both the follicular phase and the premenstrual period in 7 patients suffering from menstrual migraine and in 7 healthy, asymptomatic control volunteers. In the controls, naloxone evoked a significant release of both b-EP (F = 5.86, p 〈 0.002) and cortisol (F = 4.43, p 〈 0.008), independently of the menstrual cycle phase (F = 0.31 and 1.04, for b-EP and cortisol, respectively). Menstrual migraine patients, on the other hand, showed a significant hormone response only in the follicular phase, not in the premenstrual period. Corticotropin releasing hormone significantly increased b-EP and cortisol in both the controls and the menstrual migraine patients, independently of the menstrual cycle phase. In both the naloxone and corticotropin releasing hormone testings, the basal b-EP levels measured in the premenstrual period were lower than those observed in the follicular phase (p 〈 0.02). These data demonstrate a cyclical, premenstrual dysfunction of the hypothalamic control exerted by opioids on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Impairment of this fundamental adaptive mechanism (involved in stress responses and in pain control) could establish a causal relationship between menstrual-related migraine attacks and premenstrual opioid hyposensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1990.1001051.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroendocrine Correlates of Stress-Related Amenorrhea (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 626 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37906.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetyl-L-Carnitine Effect on Pituitary and Plasma β-Endorphin Responsiveness to Different Chronic Intermittent Stressors (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 5 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aims of the present study were: 1) to compare the effect of two different chronic intermittent stressors i.e. cold-swimming versus ether, on the pituitary opioidergic system; 2) to evaluate the response of pituitary and plasma β-endorphin (βS-EP) to an acute stress in chronically stressed rats; and 3) to evaluate the effect of acetyl-l-carnitine treatment (10 mg/day/rat per os at night) on pituitary and plasma β-EP changes induced by two different types of chronic stress. The stressors were applied twice a day for 10 days. Rats were killed either before, during or after the last swimming or ether stress session. β-EP was measured by radioimmunoassay in anterior pituitary and in neurointermediate lobe extracts and in plasma. The following observations were made; 1) Chronic intermittent cold-swimming stress increased anterior pituitary contents and plasma β-EP levels; 2) both chronic intermittent cold-swimming stress and ether stress caused an increase of neurointermediate lobe β-EP contents; 3) as in control animals, rats exposed to chronic intermittent swimming stress reduced pituitary β-EP contents and raised plasma β-EP levels in response to the last acute swimming stress; 4) in contrast to control animals, rats exposed to chronic intermittent ether stress did not show any significant response of the pituitary-plasma opioidergic system to the last acute ether session; 5) the acetyl-l-carnitine treatment counteracted the changes evoked by chronic intermittent cold-swimming stress on the pituitary and plasma β-EP levels. The present data show that chronic intermittent ether stress impairs the capacity to respond to the acute stress and that acetyl-l-carnitine may modulate the changes of β-EP levels following chronic cold-swimming stress exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1993.tb00375.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of Placental Neurohormones in Human Parturition (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 622 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37878.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced cerebrospinal fluid B-endorphin levels in Rett syndrome (1989)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 5 (1989), S. 111-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: B-Endorphin ; Autism ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; ACTH ; B-Lipotropin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of B-endorphin (B-EP), B-lipotropin (B-LPH) and ACTH were measured in nine girls with Rett syndrome with features of autistic behavior (3.7–12.1 years of age) and in ten children with chronic leukemia (control group). The peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay, either directly in the sample (ACTH) or after Sephadex G-75 column chromatography, in order to eliminate interfering substances (B-LPH and B-EP). The CSF B-EP patient levels (20.8±13.1 fmol/ml, means±SD) were significantly lower than in age-matched controls (69.1±32.6,P〈0.01), whereas the B-LPH and ACTH levels were in the control range. No correlations were found between the clinical findings and CSF neuropeptide concentrations. These data demonstrate a decrease in central opiate activity in girls with Rett syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of three ovulation induction protocols in polycystic ovarian disease patients in an in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer program (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 10 (1993), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: polycystic ovarian disease ; ovulation induction ; oocyte maturity ; oocyte fertilization ; pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Results However, fertilization rates of oocytes, cleaved embryo rates, pregnancy rates following replacement, and pregnancy outcomes were not different.
    Abstract: Conclusion Although the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis with GnRH-a in PCOD patients improved follicular synchrony and oocyte maturity, none of the ovulation induction protocols was superior to the others with respect to pregnancy rates and pregnancy outcomes.
    Notes: Purpose This study compares the results of three ovulation induction protocols in polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) patients undergoing an in vitro fertilizationembryo transfer (IVF-ET) program. A total of 85 cycles was studied. The patients were treated with clomiphene citrate (CC) plus human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (CC/hMG group), with purified menofollitropin (pFSH) plus hMG (pFSH/hMG group), and with pFSH/hMG plus gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-a) (analogue group). In the analogue group the suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) with GnRH-a decreased the number of follicles 〈12 mm on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and the number and percentage of immature oocytes retrieved and increased the percentage of mature oocytes retrieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01204435
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Use of a Combined Regimen of GnRH Agonist Plus a Low-Dose Oral Contraceptive Improves the Spontaneous Pulsatile LH Secretory Characteristics in Patients with Polycycstic Ovary Disease After Discontinuation of Treatment (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 17 (2000), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: GnRH-agonist ; polycystic ovary disease ; hyperandrogenism ; anovulation ; episodic gonadotropin release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: The fertility rate in women with polycystic ovarydisease (PCOD) is influenced by the type of treatmentreceived. The present study evaluated the possiblecorrelation between treatment and pulsatile release ofgonadotropins. Methods: Spontaneous episodic secretion of luteinizinghormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) andhormonal parameters were monitored before and after 1, 3, and6 months after treatments suspension. Twenty-four PCODpatients were randomnly divided into two groups of 12subjects. Group A was treated with gonadotropin-releasinghormone (GnRH)-analogue plus oral contraceptive (OC).Group B was treated only with OC. Both groups were treatedfor 6 months and followed up for 6 months. Results: In all subjects the therapeutic regimens reducedthe androgenic milieau and the gonadotropin plasma levels.Spontaneous pulsatile secretion of LH and FSH wassignificantly modified in both groups, but patients who receivedthe combined regimen showed a significantly greaterreduction of LH plasma levels and a significantly greater decreaseof LH pulse amplitude throughout the 6 months aftertreatment suspension. Ferriman=nGallway score and ovarianvolumes were significantly reduced in patients who receivedthe combined treatment than in the OC-treated patients. Conclusions: These data support the evidence of a higherefficacy of the combination of GnRH-a + OC than OC alonein restoring a normal and adequate spontaneous episodicgonadotropin discharge and in decreasingFerriman—Gallway score and ovarian volumes in patients with PCOD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009410416638
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