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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Keratinocyte conditioned medium stimulates type IV collagenase synthesis in cultured human keratinocytes and fibroblasts (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 133 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously shown that conditioned medium from cultured human keratinocytes stimulates proliferation of a variety of cell types involved in wound healing. as well as re-epithelization of wounds in human skin in vitro. We now present evidence for an autocrine/paracrine control of the synthesis of type IV collagenases in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. During wound healing, keratinocytes migrate over the wound bed, an activity coupled with lysis of basement membranes, and hence requiring the presence of collagenases. Collagenases are also needed for the production and remodelling of the granulation tissue. In order to study the autocrine/paracrine control of collagenase production in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, we stimulated these cells in culture with conditioned medium from cultured keratinocytes. Protease synthesis was determined by affinity labelling with 3H-diisopropylfluorophosphoridate (DFP) and by zymography. Keratinocyte-conditioned medium was found to increase the expression of 72 and 92 kDa type IV collagenase in human keratinocytes, and the 72 kDa collagenase in human fibroblasts. indicating that an autocrine/paracrine control mechanism is involved in collagenase production in these cell types during wound healing. This increased expression of collagenases could he partly responsible for the stimulated healing seen in wounds treated with sheets of cultured keratinocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb06914.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Replication in Human Monocytes by Low Titres of Anti-HIV Antibodies in Vitro (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 30 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Low concentrations of serum obtained from a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) enhanced the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a particular subclone of the CD4-positive monocytoid cell line U937 clone 2. Cells of this subclone have a high expression of Fc receptors and a considerable degree of Fc-mediated phagocytic activity. IgG purified from the serum was also able to enhance the replication. These results indicate that low concentrations of human anti-HIV antibody may enhance HIV replication on human monocyte macrophages. Furthermore, two mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies against gp120, the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1, also induced enhancement at low concentrations. The binding of radiolabelled gp120 to the cells was increased at the same low concentrations. Antibodies against envelope glycoproteins may cause enhancement of HIV infection. Both normal and enhanced replication of HIV were completely inhibited by the masking of the binding site of CD4 molecules with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-CD4 antibody. Moreover, CD4-positive, FcγRI-negative K562 cells and mouse macrophages failed to show any infection in the presence of antibody. These results suggest that CD4 molecules on the cell surface are necessary to cause enhancement of infection of HIV on monocyte macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb02446.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Tunicamycin on Target Cell Susceptibility to Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 25 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several sets of data indicate the possibility that carbohydrate moieties on the target cell are important structures in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis. Strkining changes in the NK susceptibility of targets can be induced in several systems involving in vitro differentiation of tumour cell lines. The effect on target cells of the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin, which acts by blocking the dolichol-dependent asparagine-linked glvcosvlation pathway was investigated. Using several different tumour cell lines we can conclude that; (a) asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains do not contribute directly to NK susceptibility, (b) induced differentiation may or may not be linked with a change in NK susceptibility, and (c) secondary changes caused by tunicamycin treatment may lead to alterations in the gangliosides, a finding that is positvely correlated with decreased NK susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01058.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective Inhibition of IgE versus β2-Microglobulin in Human U-266 Myeloma Cell Line Treated with T-Cell-Derived Factors (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 22 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Concanavalin-A-activated T cells and their crude supernatant were assayed for suppressivc activity un an IgE-producing U-266 cell line. Delectable and comparable degrees of suppression were obtained with the co-culture and the supernatant protocols. Separation of the effector population into T4+ and TS+ subsets showed the most effective cells in the T8+ fraction. Control experiments demonstrated that the IgE down-regulation was selective, since parallel measurement of β2-microglobulin synthesis showed no effect of T cells or T-cell-derived supernatants. In addition, several human T-cell lymphoma-leukaemia virus I-transformed T-cell lines were explored for their capacity to produce factor(s) able to suppress IgE synthesis in the U-266 cell line, and four out of 25 cell lines could be shown to do this in a constitutive manner. Kinetic studies suggested that the inhibition occurred at a transcriptional level, The results indicate that the T-cell-mycloma system is an interesting model to define belter the regulation of IgE in the human.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01857.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression by Alpha-Fetoprotein of Murine Natural Killer Cell Activity Stimulated in Vitro and in Vivo by Interferon and Interleukin 2 (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 23 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Natural killer (NK) cells are'spontaneously’ cytotoxic cells thought to be involved in surveillance against tumour cells, rejection of virally infected cells, and refulation of haematopoietie stem cell differentiation and antibody systhesis. Fetus-derived alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been shown to regulate certain T cell-mediated immune reactionsin vitro and in vivo. The lack of NK activity in newborn mice with high endogenous levels of AFP, together with the presence of cells expressing NK surface markers, also suggests that AFP may regulate NK activity. In this study we compared the effects of AFP on spontaneous versus activated murine NK activity. The lytic abnility of both freshly prepared splenic NK cells and those arising after incubation for 24 h with interferon, Poly I: C, or T-cell growth factor (TCGF) was not affected by AFP if the latter was present only during the killing phase. However, if AFP was added at the beginning and retained for the duration of the 24-h in vitro lymphokine stimulation, the subsequent NK activity induced by interferon. Poly I:C, and TCGF was found to be significantly suppressed. This inhibition is both dose-and time-dependent. Delayed addition experiments showed that when AFP is present during the first 6 h of in vitro stimulation it will suppress interferon and TCGF-boosted NK activity by 50–80%. The AFP-mediated inhibitory effect on lymphokinestimulated NK activity is not the result of increased death of effector cells not, in the case of interferon and polyribonucleotides, of non-specific binding of AFP to the enhancing agents. In vivo injections of Poly I:C of TCGF failed to invrease neonatal NK function., while administration of interferon did cause slightly higher levels of NK activity. However, spleen cells from newborn animals cultured for 24 h in the presence of lymphokines resulted in markedly elevated NK function and this in vitro activation in newborns with high endogenous levels of AFP was very similar to that of adult NK stimulation in vitro when exogenous AFP was added.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01960.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pigment Mutations in the Mouse Which Also Affect Lysosomal Functions Lead to Suppressed Natural Killer Cell Activity (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 15 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The impact of five pigment mutations in the mouse on natural killer (NK) activity was examined in inbred strains congenic for the respective mutation. Whereas the nature of pigmentation disorder was similar in the five mutant strains (beige, pallid, reduced pigmentation, pale ear, and sepia), all mutations except sepia also led to a significant change in lysosomal enzyme activities in the kidney. A significant reduction in NK activity was observed in the four strains with lysosomal impact, whereas homozygous sepia mice displayed normal NK activity. The pigment mutations analysed are located on different chromosomes and fail to cross-interact negatively with each other in the heterozygous mice. This would indicate that pigment mutations with a parallel impact on lysosomal enzyme activities probably always result in a reduction in natural killer cell activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1982.tb00653.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of 90Sr on Mouse Natural Killer Cells and their Regulation by Alpha Interferon and Interleukin 2 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 31 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Male CBA/SU mice were exposed to ionizing radiation by intraperitoneal injection of the boneseekiag β-emitter 90Sr, NK-cell lytic activities in spleen, peripheral blood, and lymph nodes were severely depressed or completely abolished. In contrast, production of the NK regulatory proteins alpha interferon (IFN-x) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) was normal 5–8 weeks after 90Sr injection. IFN-x, produced in vivo or in vitro by cells from injected mice, was able to enhance strongly NK lytic activities. These data indicate that 90Sr acts on the bone marrow, where it interferes with ihe maturation and seeding of NK precursor cells. The mechanisms regulating NK activities in peripheral organs remained relatively unchanged. Finally, we did not detect any major organ redistribution of NK cells as a result of 90Sr irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02808.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the Mechanism for in Vitro Activation of Mouse NK Cells by Interferon (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 12 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The enhancement of the lytic capacity of mouse splenic ‘natural killer’ (NK) cells by interferon has been studied in vitro as a model for NK cell differentiation from inactive immediate precursors. We show that the increased cytotoxicity is a function of interferon concentration, and that two stages in the NK cell differentiation pathway can be distinguished. The first, very brief, can he performed at 0°C and without protein synthesis and probably corresponds to the fixation of interferon on its cell surface receptors. The second, resulting from the inductive signal given by interferon, proceeds for several hours and requires both RNA and protein synthesis. Our results also indicate that target cells for interferon-induced cytotoxicity are cells for interferon-induced cytotoxicity arc cells with ‘null’ characteristics, similar to the mature NK cells. Finally, they suggest that no soluble Intermediary factor other than interferon is involved in the enhancing of NK cell cytotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1980.tb00040.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble CD4: a Link Between Specific Immune Mechanisms and Non-Specific Inflammatory Responses? (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The CD4 molecule is an important cell surface molecule expressed on many cell types including T-helper cells. CD4 can be shed from cells, and the truncated soluble form of CD4 (sCD4) has been found elevated in serum in several diseases. In this study the authors show that migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) is induced by sCD4. Histopathology of the site of injection of recombinant sCD4 in the skin shows local infiltration of PMN. In vitro, in Boyden chamber, sCD4 can rapidly give rise to a dose-dependent migration of PMN. The authors speculate that sCD4 can be another chemotactic factor and, as such, constitutes a link within the immune system between specific and non-specific elements of inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-264.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Severe Suppression of the B-cell System has No Impact on the Maturation of Natural Killer Cells in Mice (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 9 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mice were treated with a heterologous anti-IgM serum to obtain B-cell-deprived mice. Spleen cells from normal and B-cell-deprived mice were tested in three different cytolytic systems: natural killer cells (NK); antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis (ADCC) against an NIC-sensitive tumour, P815; and ADCC against chicken erythrocytes. The impact of administration of an interferon-inducing NK enhancing agent, Tilorone, was also investigated. Whereas the cell population from B-cell-deprived mice was significantly suppressed in antibody-producing cells, the capacity to function in NK or ADCC was largely unimpaired both before and after administration of Tilorone. Our results would imply that mature B cells play no significant role in either the maturation of the NK cells or the expression of their cytolytic ability. Furthermore, effector cells for both NK and ADCC against antibody-coated tumour target cells were found to be distinct from those functioning in ADCC against chicken erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb02719.x
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