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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CORRESPONDENCE (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 87 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1980.tb05021.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antenatal administration of betamethasone to prevent respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants: report of a UK multicentre trial (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 96 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicentre trial the effect of antenatal treatment with betamethasone phosphate was compared with placebo in the prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants. The dose of betamethasone was 4 mg every 8 h for six doses, unless delivery occurred. The 251 women who were enrolled gave birth to 262 liveborn infants, 130 in the betamethasone and 132 in the placebo group; the two groups were evenly matched in most respects. The diagnosis of RDS in the newborn was confirmed by two independent assessors. Seven of the 130 infants in the betamethasone group and 16 of the 132 in the placebo group developed RDS. In infants whose mothers had received at least three injections, RDS was also less frequent in the steroid group than in the placebo group (3/104 and 10/104 respectively; P〈0·05). There was a significant reduction of RDS in those born between 24 h and 6 days after entry into the trial (0/30 and 8/45 respectively; P〈0·05). The largest difference in frequency of RDS occurred in the subgroup of infants born before 34 weeks gestation, within 8 days of trial entry, and whose mothers had received at least three injections (0/27 steroid group and 7/32 placebo group; P=0·03), and there were also significantly fewer neonatal deaths (2/27 and 13/32, respectively; P〈0·01) in this subgroup. Betamethasone did not provoke earlier delivery. Premature rupture of the membranes and maternal hypertension did not seem to contraindicate the use of steroids: there was no increase in maternal or neonatal sepsis nor in stillbirth in hypertensive pregnancies in the steroid group. Neonatal jaundice was significantly less frequent in the steroid (55/129) than in the placebo group (81/127; P〈0·01) but not in the subgroups born before 34 completed weeks gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb02413.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomised controlled trial of albumin infusion in ill preterm infants (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 157-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Respiratory distress syndrome ; Ventilation ; Prematurity ; Albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We assessed the effect of albumin infusion on weight loss and ventilation requirement in sick premature infants. Thirty infants, median gestational age 29 weeks, were entered into a randomised controlled trial, at a median of 2 days of age. The infants, all with an albumin level 〈-30 g/l, received either 5 ml/kg of 20% albumin or 5 ml/kg of their maintenance fluids (placebo), both given as part of the total daily fluid requirement. The response to the infusion was assessed by comparing two periods; 12 h immediately prior to the infusion and 12–24hh after the infusion. Albumin infusion was associated with a significant increase in albumin level and a significant reduction in weight, but in the placebo group there was a significant increase in weight. There were, however, no significant changes in the peak inspiratory pressure in response to either infusion. There was only a modest reduction (〈15%) in the inspired oxygen concentration, which occurred in both groups, but reached statistical significance only following the albumin infusion. We conclude that our results suggest that albumin infusion in “hypoalbuminaemic” sick preterm infants is unlikely to alter their respiratory status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072495
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nosocomial bacterial infections in very low birth weight infants (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 451-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Nosocomial infection ; Low birth weight ; Prematurty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of congenital and nosocomial bacterial septicaemia has been documented by identifying the number of positive blood cultures by reviewing the laboratory and clinical records of 394 very low birth weight infants who were consecutively admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit over a 40-month period. The incidence of congenital septicaemia was 6% and of nosocomial septicaemia 17%. The commonest causes of congenital infection wereStreptococcus agalactiae Staphylococcus epidermidis andEnterococcus faecalis (each in 18% of cases). The commonest cause of nosocomial infection wasS. epidermidis (51% of cases), except in infants of birth weight less than 750 g. Risk factors for nosocomial infection were extremely low birth weight, very preterm birth and prolonged ventilation. Nosocomial infection was associated with significantly lengthened hospital admission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01959362
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effects of theophylline and caffeine on serum erythropoietin concentration in premature infants (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 406-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Methylxanthines ; Prematurity ; Erythropoietin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Theophylline administration has been shown to attenuate erythropoietin (EP) production in adults; the effect of caffeine is not known. Our aim was to determine whether caffeine and theophylline had similar effects on EP production in the premature newborn. If caffeine was found to have a greater effect, this would influence prescribing habits. Fifty preterm infants (mean gestational age 28 weeks) who had clinically significant apnoea were randomized to receive theophylline (4 mg/kg then 2 mg/kg twice daily) or caffeine (10 mg/kg then 2.5 mg/kg once daily). The methylxanthines were continued at least until discharge from the NICU and the dosage altered to keep the levels within the therapeutic range. As an assessment of EP production, serum EP concentrations were measured. Blood for EP, haemoglobin, reticulocyte count, theophylline and caffeine levels was obtained prior to treatment and at least during weeks 3 and 7. There was no significant difference in the mean EP level in the two groups taken prior to treatment at a median age of 2 days of life. There were similar falls in haematocrit and haemoglobin in the two groups during the study period compared to pre-treatment values. At that time, however, the median reticulocyte count was higher in the caffeine compared to the theophylline treated infants (P 〈 0.05). This was associated with a rise compared to baseline (median 10.0–0.2 mU/ml) in the mean EP levels in the caffeine group and a decrease from a median of 10.1 to 8.3 mU/ml in the theophylline group, but the EP levels in the two groups at week 7 did not differ significantly. Conclusion These results suggest that caffeine does not have a greater impact than theophylline on EP production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050840
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dexamethasone and hypertension in preterm infants (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 134-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Chronic lung disease ; Dexamethosone ; Preterm delivery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The magnitude and duration of the effect of dexamethasone on systolic blood pressure has been examined in 13 very preterm infants (median gestational age 25 weeks). All had chronic lung disease (CLD). To exclude any effect of CLD on blood pressure each infant acted as his or her own control. Systolic blood pressure increased in all infants (P〈0.01) and remained elevated for at least 48h following cessation of therapy. The median maximum increase in blood pressure was 24 mm Hg (range 13–49 mmHg) and occurred on day 4 (median, range 2–10) of treatment. One infant developed hypertensive encephalopathy. These results demonstrate the need to monitor infants with CLD throughout steroid therapy and preferably for some days after it has ceased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958959
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal complications of extreme prematurity in mechanically ventilated infants (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 693-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Mechanical ventilation ; Prematurity ; Pneumothorax ; Patent ductus arteriosus ; Intracerebral haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous data have suggested that neonatal complications amongst preterm ventilated infants increase with decreasing gestational age and thus are likely to be greatest among ventilated infants of less than 28 weeks gestational age. The aim of this study was to test that hypothesis, thus we report the neonatal complications of 175 extremely preterm mechanically ventilated infants (gestational age ≤28 weeks). Of the infants 152 were ventilated because of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or respiratory distress of severe prematurity, 41% of these infants died. Amongst infants with RDS or respiratory distress of extreme prematurity, mortality was significantly increased in infants of gestational age ≤24 weeks and birth weight ≤1000 g. In this group 20% developed a pneumothorax, and mortality was inversely related to gestational age. In infants with RDS, 43% developed a periventricular haemorrhage and 37% were still oxygen-dependent at 28 days of age; neither of these complications was significantly related to birth weight or gestational age. Of infants with RDS 38% developed a patent ductus arteriosus and 16% developed retinopathy of prematurity. These data suggest that even amongst very immature infants there has been an impressive reduction in the neonatal complications of mechanical ventilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957576
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ventilatory requirements for respiratory distress syndrome in small-for-gestational-age infants (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 528-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Respiratory distress syndrome ; Prematurity ; Small for gestational age ; Mechanical ventilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neonatal ventilatory requirements and outcome were examined in 135 very preterm, small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants to determine whether fetal growth retardation protects against severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in very immature infants. Their results were compared to those from gestational age-and gender-matched controls. Although there was no significant difference in the median duration of mechanical ventilation between the two groups, more SGA infants required ventilation and were ventilated because of RDS. In a subgroup also matched for mode of delivery, there was no significant difference between the proportion of SGA infants requiring mechanical ventilation for RDS compared to their matched controls. The mortality was greater in the SGA group. We conclude that fetal growth retardation does not protect against severe RDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957761
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