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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effects of theophylline and caffeine on serum erythropoietin concentration in premature infants (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 406-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Methylxanthines ; Prematurity ; Erythropoietin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Theophylline administration has been shown to attenuate erythropoietin (EP) production in adults; the effect of caffeine is not known. Our aim was to determine whether caffeine and theophylline had similar effects on EP production in the premature newborn. If caffeine was found to have a greater effect, this would influence prescribing habits. Fifty preterm infants (mean gestational age 28 weeks) who had clinically significant apnoea were randomized to receive theophylline (4 mg/kg then 2 mg/kg twice daily) or caffeine (10 mg/kg then 2.5 mg/kg once daily). The methylxanthines were continued at least until discharge from the NICU and the dosage altered to keep the levels within the therapeutic range. As an assessment of EP production, serum EP concentrations were measured. Blood for EP, haemoglobin, reticulocyte count, theophylline and caffeine levels was obtained prior to treatment and at least during weeks 3 and 7. There was no significant difference in the mean EP level in the two groups taken prior to treatment at a median age of 2 days of life. There were similar falls in haematocrit and haemoglobin in the two groups during the study period compared to pre-treatment values. At that time, however, the median reticulocyte count was higher in the caffeine compared to the theophylline treated infants (P 〈 0.05). This was associated with a rise compared to baseline (median 10.0–0.2 mU/ml) in the mean EP levels in the caffeine group and a decrease from a median of 10.1 to 8.3 mU/ml in the theophylline group, but the EP levels in the two groups at week 7 did not differ significantly. Conclusion These results suggest that caffeine does not have a greater impact than theophylline on EP production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050840
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substance misuse in early pregnancy and relationship to fetal outcome (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 488-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Cannabis ; Cotinine ; Prematurity ; Low birth weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To establish the frequency of substance misuse in early pregnancy in an urban UK population, 807 consecutive positive pregnancy test urine samples were screened for a range of drugs, including cotinine as an indicator of maternal smoking habits. A positive test for cannabinoids was found in 117 (14.5%) samples. Smaller numbers of samples were positive for other drugs:- opiates (11), benzodiazepines (4), cocaine (3) and one each for amphetamines and methadone. Polydrug use was detected in nine individuals. Only two samples tested positive for ethanol. The proportion with a urine cotinine level indicative of active smoking was 34.3%. The outcome of the pregnancy was traced for 288 subjects. Cannabis use was associated with a lower gestational age at delivery (P 〈 0.005), an increased risk of prematurity (P 〈 0.02) and reduction in birth weight (P 〈 0.002). Whilst maternal smoking was associated with a reduction in infant birth weight (P 〈 0.05), this was less pronounced than the effect of other substance misuse. Conclusion This study suggests that one in six women in South London are using drugs in early pregnancy and that cannabinoid use is associated with a poorer pregnancy outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051126
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal serum free β-hCG at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation in trisomic twin pregnancies (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 104 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Maternal serum free β-hCG was measured at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation in 136 normal twin pregnancies and in 12 twin pregnancies where one or both fetuses had trisomy 21. The values were compared with a normal range from 4181 singleton pregnancies. In the normal twins the median free β-hCG (65 ng/mL) was about twice as high as in singletons (34 ng/mL z=−12.1, P 〈 0.0001). In the trisomy 21 group the median free β-hCG (95 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in normal twins (z= 2.1, P 〈 0.05). However, only one of the trisomic pregnancies had a level above the 95th centile. In twin pregnancies maternal serum free β-hCG at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation is unlikely to be useful in the prediction of fetal trisomy 21.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11989.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carotenaemia with low vitamin A levels and low retinol-binding protein (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 15 (1992), S. 929-930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01800235
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of plasma cytidine deaminase activity by HPLC (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 2 (1987), S. 148-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cytidine deaminase is an enzyme of nucleic acid metabolism, the measurement of which has been proposed as a useful test for the early detection of pre-eclamptic toxaemia in pregnancy. The enzyme converts the nucleoside cytidine to uridine, with the release of ammonia, and it is the measurement of this latter compound that forms the basis of the conventional methods for the assay of cytidine deaminase. The low activity of the enzyme requires long incubation times, which in turn increase the possibility of contamination by exogenous ammonia. We have developed a new method for determining cytidine deaminase activity, utilising high performance liquid chromatography to measure the production of uridine. This method uses much shorter incubation times and is unaffected by ammonia contamination. This paper describes the development of the method and its comparison with the established assay. The relative merits of each are discussed. Finally, the adaptation of incubation and chromatographic conditions, in order to measure other enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism which are of clinical interest, is briefly mentioned.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130020404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of nucleoside deaminases by high performance liquid chromatography and their use in clinical chemistry (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 5 (1991), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The measurement of the nucleoside deaminases - cytidine deaminase, guanosine deaminase and adenosine deaminase - by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography is reviewed. The clinical value of assaying the enzyme activity is discussed for each of these enzymes. Both cytidine deaminase and adenosine deaminase measurements have proven clinical value, although the use of the assay of cytidine deaminase in the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia is probably not helpful.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130050602
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