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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Galactosidase from Aspergillus niger in adult lactose malabsorption: a double-blind crossover study (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An assessment was made of the efficacy of a β-galactosidase, obtained from Aspergillus niger and added to intact milk, in decreasing lactose malabsorption and intolerance. Sixteen adult patients with malabsorption and intolerance to this sugar were studied in a double-blind crossover study vs. placebo. A 5-hour hydrogen breath test was used to assess malabsorption of lactose contained in 400 ml milk. When compared with placebo, the addition of exogenous lactase to intact milk caused a statistically significant reduction in the maximum breath H2 concentration (P 〈 0.01) and in the cumulative H2 excretion (P 〈 0.005). In the same way, the cumulative index for gastrointestinal intolerance was significantly lower (P 〈 0.005) after the ingestion of lactase-added milk. This study demonstrates that enzyme replacement therapy, with β-galactosidases obtained from Aspergillus niger, is effective in decreasing lactose malabsorption and its consequent intolerance in adult subjects with lactase deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1992.tb00545.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen glucose breath test to detect small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a prevalence case–control study in irritable bowel syndrome (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Studies assessing the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome gave contrasting results. Differences in criteria to define irritable bowel syndrome patients and methods to assess small intestinal bacterial overgrowth may explain different results. Moreover, no data exist on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth prevalence in a significant population of healthy non-irritable bowel syndrome subjects.Aim:  To assess the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth by glucose breath test in patients with irritable bowel syndrome symptoms with respect to a consistent control group.Methods:  Consecutive patients with irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome II criteria were enrolled. The control population consisted of 102 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects without irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. All subjects underwent glucose breath test. A peak of H2 values 〉10 p.p.m above the basal value after 50 g of glucose ingestion was considered suggestive of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Results:  A total of 65 irritable bowel syndrome patients and 102 healthy controls were enrolled. Positivity to glucose breath test was found in 31% of irritable bowel syndrome patients with respect to 4% in the control group, the difference between groups resulting statistically significant (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 3.5–33.7, P 〈 0.00001).Conclusions:  The present case–control study showed an epidemiological association between irritable bowel syndrome and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Placebo-controlled small intestinal bacterial overgrowth-eradication studies are necessary to clarify the real impact of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth on irritable bowel syndrome symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02690.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal breath tests to lactose, fructose and sorbitol in irritable bowel syndrome may be explained by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and sugar malabsorption (lactose, fructose, sorbitol) may play a role in irritable bowel syndrome. The lactulose breath test is a reliable and non-invasive test for the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The lactose, fructose and sorbitol hydrogen breath tests are widely used to detect specific sugar malabsorption.Aim : To assess the extent to which small intestinal bacterial overgrowth may influence the results of hydrogen sugar breath tests in irritable bowel syndrome patients.Methods : We enrolled 98 consecutive irritable bowel syndrome patients. All subjects underwent hydrogen lactulose, lactose, fructose and sorbitol hydrogen breath tests. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth patients were treated with 1-week course of antibiotics. All tests were repeated 1 month after the end of therapy.Results : A positive lactulose breath test was found in 64 of 98 (65%) subjects; these small intestinal bacterial overgrowth patients showed a significantly higher prevalence of positivity to the lactose breath test (P 〈 0.05), fructose breath test (P 〈 0.01) and sorbitol breath test (P 〈 0.01) when compared with the small intestinal bacterial overgrowth-negatives. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth eradication, as confirmed by negative lactulose breath test, caused a significant reduction in lactose, fructose and sorbitol breath tests positivity (17% vs. 100%, 3% vs. 62%, and 10% vs. 71% respectively: P 〈 0.0001).Conclusions : In irritable bowel syndrome patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, sugar breath tests may be falsely abnormal. Eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth normalizes sugar breath tests in the majority of patients. Testing for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth should be performed before other sugar breath tests tests to avoid sugar malabsorption misdiagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02493.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-methacetin breath test for monitoring hepatic function in cirrhotic patients before and after liver transplantation (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01824.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gluten-related cerebral hypoperfusion and neurologic disorders in coeliac patients (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02167.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Levofloxacin-based triple therapy vs. quadruple therapy in second-line Helicobacter pylori treatment: a randomized trial (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Levofloxacin has been shown to be effective in Helicobacter pylori eradication. Two 10-day levofloxacin-based triple therapies were compared with standard 7- and 14-day quadruple regimens in second-line treatment.Methods : Two hundred and eighty consecutive patients who failed to respond to standard triple therapy (clarithromycin, amoxicillin, rabeprazole) were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) levofloxacin 500 mg o.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.d., rabeprazole 20 mg b.d. for 10 days (LAR, n = 70); (2) levofloxacin 500 mg o.d., tinidazole 500 mg b.d., rabeprazole 20 mg b.d. for 10 days (LTR, n = 70); (3) tetracycline 500 mg q.d.s., metronidazole 500 mg t.d.s., bismuth salt 120 mg q.d.s., rabeprazole 20 mg b.d. for 7 days (7TMBR, n = 70); and (4) for 14 days (14TMBR, n = 70). Helicobacter pylori status and side-effects were assessed 6 weeks after treatment.Results : The eradication rate was 94% in the LAR group and 90% in the LTR group in both intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses. Helicobacter pylori eradication was achieved in 63 and 69% of the 7TMBR group and in 69 and 80% of the 14TMBR group in intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis, respectively. Side-effects were significantly lower in the LAR and LTR groups than in the 14TMBR group.Conclusion : Ten-day levofloxacin-based therapies are better than standard quadruple regimens as second-line option for H. pylori eradication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01676.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review article: a medicine based on cell transplantation – is there a future for treating liver diseases? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cell-based therapies, comprising isolated hepatocyte transplantation, ex vivo gene therapy and bioartificial liver devices, may actually design a new scenario in the treatment of patients with liver failure. Recent advances in the liver repopulation field and the considerable excitement surrounding the use of haematopoietic stem cells for a ’regenerative medicine’, allow us to see under a new light the alternative cell sources actually under investigation. In particular, the major drawbacks and the most important advantages of xenogenic primary cells, tumour-derived cell lines, immortalised hepatocytes and stem cells in the wide range of experimental and clinical applications are presented. Even if up to now none of them represent a ’gold standard’ in the clinical practice, the intersecting advances in the development of mechanical components of artificial devices and in the liver biology and bioengineering will open tantalising possibilities to treat patients with liver failure, by tailoring the therapeutic choice on the basis of the aetiology and the stage of liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01692.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of liver function in healthy elderly subjects using the 13C-methacetin breath test (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The issue of whether or not liver function is compromised in the healthy elderly population remains unsolved.Aim : To investigate the putative age-related modifications of hepatic function using the 13C-methacetin breath test. Because endogenous CO2 production changes with age, motor activity and nutrition, a different form of processing the results was investigated.Patients and methods : Twenty-nine elderly subjects (mean age, 79.8 ± 7.9 years; female/male ratio, 17/12) and 28 adult subjects (mean age, 40.6 ± 12.3 years; female/male ratio, 13/15) underwent 13 C-methacetin breath test and trans-abdominal echosonography with Doppler pulsed wave analysis of the coeliac axis and portal vein.Results : Although the 13CO2 peak occurred within 15–30 min in both elderly and adult subjects, it was significantly decreased in the former (30.66% ± 9.2% vs. 38.33% ± 6.05%; P 〈 0.001), as was the cumulative excretion (33.07% ± 7.06% vs. 39.81% ± 5.68%; P 〈 0.001). When correcting for the effects of CO2 excretion by age, the age-related modification of the cumulative dose became more evident (elderly group 30.15% ± 6.46% vs. adult group 37.97% ± 5.92%; P 〈 0.0001). The elderly group also showed an increase in the intra-hepatic resistance index using Doppler pulsed wave analysis, which inversely correlated with the results of the breath test.Conclusions : Hepatic function is not well preserved in healthy humans throughout life and may be due to an increase in vascular resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01413.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral desensitizing treatment in food allergy: clinical and immunological results (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The possibility of inducing oral desensitization in patients with food allergy is still controversial and no standardized programmes are yet available.Aim : To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral desensitization in patients with allergy induced by the most common food allergens.Methods : Fifty-nine patients with food allergy underwent an oral desensitizing treatment according to standardized protocols. The control group consisted of age- and sex-matched subjects, who followed a strict elimination diet. Specific immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G4 were assessed at baseline and after 6, 12 and 18 months.Results : The majority of patients (83.3%) successfully completed the treatment. During treatment, 51.1% of subjects experienced some mild side-effects, easily controlled by the oral administration of antihistamines or sodium cromolyn. Specific immunoglobulin E showed a significant decrease, whilst specific immunoglobulin G4 showed a significant increase in all patients.Conclusions : The immunological findings induced by oral desensitization in food allergy allow us to hypothesize that oral tolerance may be mediated by the same mechanisms as those involved in traditional desensitizing treatments for respiratory allergies. Moreover, the proposed standardized oral desensitization protocols may represent an effective alternative approach in the management of food-allergic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01468.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea can be attributed in part to imbalances in intestinal microflora. Therefore, probiotic preparations are used to prevent this diarrhoea. However, although several trials have been conducted, no conclusive evidence has been found of the efficacy of different preparations, e.g. Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces spp.Aim : To conduct a meta-analysis of the data in the literature on the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.Methods : A literature search was performed of electronic databases, Abstract Books and single paper references. Data were also obtained from the authors. Only placebo-controlled studies were included in the search. The Mantel–Haenszel test was used to estimate the relative risk for single studies and an overall combined relative risk, each study being submitted to the Mantel–Haenszel test for homogeneity.Results : Twenty-two studies matched the inclusion criteria. Only seven studies (881 patients) were homogeneous. The combined relative risk was 0.3966 (95% confidence interval, 0.27–0.57).Conclusions : The results suggest a strong benefit of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, but further data are needed. The evidence for beneficial effects is still not definitive. Published studies are flawed by the lack of a placebo design and by peculiar population features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01318.x
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