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  • 1
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Oxygen consumption rates of adult spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha increased with swim speed and, depending on temperature and fish mass, ranged from 609 mg O2 h−1 at 30 cm s−1 (c. 0·5 BL s−1) to 3347 mg O2 h−1 at 170 cm s−1 (c. 2·3 BL s−1). Corrected for fish mass, these values ranged from 122 to 670 mg O2 kg−1 h−1, and were similar to other Oncorhynchus species. At all temperatures (8, 12·5 and 17° C), maximum oxygen consumption values levelled off and slightly declined with increasing swim speed 〉170 cm s−1, and a third-order polynomial regression model fitted the data best. The upper critical swim speed (Ucrit) of fish tested at two laboratories averaged 155 cm s−1 (2·1 BL s−1), but Ucrit of fish tested at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory were significantly higher (mean 165 cm s−1) than those from fish tested at the Columbia River Research Laboratory (mean 140 cm s−1). Swim trials using fish that had electromyogram (EMG) transmitters implanted in them suggested that at a swim speed of c. 135 cm s−1, red muscle EMG pulse rates slowed and white muscle EMG pulse rates increased. Although there was significant variation between individual fish, this swim speed was c. 80% of the Ucrit for the fish used in the EMG trials (mean Ucrit 168·2 cm s−1). Bioenergetic modelling of the upstream migration of adult chinook salmon should consider incorporating an anaerobic fraction of the energy budget when swim speeds are ≥80% of the Ucrit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 26 (1970), S. 1800-1802 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 26 (1965), S. 57-60+IN1-IN2+61-62 
    ISSN: 0022-3697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 2 (1949), S. 13-14 
    ISSN: 0001-5520
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters 17 (1965), S. 186-187 
    ISSN: 0031-9163
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 2 (1964), S. 149 
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 157 (1959), S. 335-361 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Halbleitern läßt sich im Gegensatz zu Metallen der Beitrag der freien Ladungsträger zur magnetischen Suszeptibilität experimentell getrennt ermitteln. Die Trägersuszeptibilität gibt unmittelbar Aufschluß über die effektive Masse oder, anders ausgedrückt, über die Art des Energiebandes. Elektronen in Germanium (Konzentration 5 · 1016 und 6 ·1018 cm−3) besitzen bei 141 und 297° K eine diamagnetische Suszeptibilität, die mit den Massenparametern für 4° K, wie sie von Cyclotronresonanzmessungen her bekannt sind, verträglich ist. Es folgt, daß das Leitfähigkeitsband vier (und nicht acht) Minima aufweist. Von 141 zu 297° K nimmt die effektive Masse zu. Elektronen in Silizium (Konzentration 4 ·1018 cm−3) besitzen bei denselben Temperaturen eine diamagnetische Suszeptibilität, die merklich kleiner ist als nach den Cyclotronresonanz-Massenparametern zu erwarten wäre, d.h. die effektive Masse bei 4° K ist merklich kleiner als über 100° K. Dieser Differenz wegen kann nicht entschieden werden, ob drei oder sechs Minima im Leitfähigkeitsband vorliegen. Elektronen in Indiumarsenid (Konzentration 5 · 1016 bis 6 · 1019 cm−3) besitzen eine mit der Trägerkonzentration zunächst steigende, dann wieder fallende diamagnetische Suszeptibilität. Die effektive Masse kann unmöglich konstant sein; das Leitfähigkeitsband weicht also stark von der einfachen Parabelform ab. Der Suszeptibilitätsverlauf läßt sich mit der vonStern theoretisch berechneten, mit der Konzentration wachsenden Masse, zumindest in großen Zügen, wiedergeben. — Meßverfahren und Apparatur werden in einer späteren Publikation beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 193 (1966), S. 174-180 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Tetragonal stoichiometric pure FeGe2 single crystals are para- or antiferro-magnetic with an isotropic mass susceptibilityε 300=6.5·10−6 cgs m and Δ(1/χ)/ΔT=150 between 90 and 435 °K. Deviations from the stoichiometry give on the germaniumside a corresponding decrease ofχ. Excess iron risesχ and aboveΔFe=+2% a drastic field- and temperature-dependence ofχ sets in. Crystals with nonstoichiometric overall composition (by chemical analysis) are made up of two phases: In a matrix of pure FeGe2 precipitates lie parallel to thec-axis, as revealed by polishing and etching. This behaviour explains that Mössbauer experiments give no variation of the Néel point with composition. The precipitates make the iron rich crystals magnetically anisotropic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 157 (1960), S. 490-498 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For semiconductors it is possible, to determine the contribution of the free carriers to the magnetic susceptibility. Holes in silicon (density 1018 to 1019cm−3) have at 297 and 141° K a small paramagnetic susceptibility. In contrast, one computes from cyclotron mass parameters for 4° K a strong diamagnetic susceptibility. Holes in germanium (density 4 · 1017 and 4 · 1019 cm−3) have a diamagnetic susceptibility, which is much smaller, than one would expect from cyclotron resonance masses. — Neutral boron atoms contribute in small concentration at 141 °K to the susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 158 (1960), S. 123-132 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Germanium single crystals grown from an iron doped melt posses a diamagnetic susceptibility shifted in paramagnetic direction, which is independent of the field. This shift is caused by ferromagnetic precipitates. The distribution coefficient follows to 10−4. Analogous experiments with nickel give no change in susceptibility. — Zinc has acceptor states with two ionization levels and should cause a special dependence of susceptibility from temperature. But its solubility proved so small that only the contribution from free holes was measurable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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