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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helicobacter pylori Strain and the Pattern of Gastritis Among First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Gastric Carcinoma (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Relatives of gastric cancer patients have an increased risk of gastric cancer, possibly related to genetically-related strains of Helicobacter pylori or a common environment.Methods. The pattern of gastritis and H. pylori from gastric cancer patients and their first-degree relatives were compared using detailed DNA fingerprints and vacA, cagA, and iceA genotyping.Results. Sixteen index cases from Korea, the US, or Colombia and their 38 first-degree relatives (brothers, sisters, sons and daughters) were studied. No definite, or consistent, relationship between the pattern of gastritis and the relatedness of the H. pylori strain was observed (i.e. relatives could have an identical or a totally different pattern of gastritis regardless if they were infected with identical or highly similar organisms). For example, three elderly siblings of an index case with atrophic pangastritis had identical H. pylori isolates and environments in childhood and yet two had antral predominant nonatrophic gastritis, which is typically associated with duodenal ulcer instead of gastric cancer.Conclusions. The results of this study are not consistent with the hypothesis that specific virulence factors or similar H. pylori strains correlate with a specific histologic pattern or outcome even among those sharing the same environment in childhood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.2002.00108.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invasive Helicobacter-Like Organisms in Feline Gastric Mucosa (1997)
    Cambridge, MA, USA : Blackwell Science, Inc.
    Helicobacter 2 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Helicobacter-like organisms (HLOs) usually are present in the stomachs of cats. Although the histopathology of natural (H. felis or H. heilmannii) infections has been reported, their invasion into the lymphoid aggregates has not been described previously.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Materials and Methods.Gastric tissues were obtained from 17 adult cats living in a natural urban environment. Biopsy sites were selected by the presence of urease on the mucosal surface stained by Genta stain and periodic acid–Schiff stain.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results.Spiral organisms morphologically similar to H. felis or to H. heilmannii were detected in all the cats, distributed predominantly over the oxyntic mucosa. Seven cats had prominent lymphoid follicles with germinal centers within the oxyntic mucosa, and in six of these seven cats, extracellular organisms were present within the lymphoid follicles. Scattered organisms also were found over sites of gastric metaplasia in the duodenum of six cats.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions.This study extends previous observations by showing that HLO infection in cats is associated with large lymphoid follicles in the stomach. In additon, HLOs were demonstrated submucosally within gastric lymphoid follicles and on patches of gastric metaplasia in the duodenum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1997.tb00056.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-Minute Fasting Version of the US 13C-Urea Breath Test for the Diagnosis of H. pylori Infection (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Helicobacter 1 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background.In large-scale multi-center clinical trials, the US 13C-urea breath test (UBT) has proven to have a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 95%. Ingestion of a meal to delay gastric emptying has advantages of increasing the level of signal as well as prolonging the duration of significantly increased 13C excretion, at the expense of requiring 40 to 60 minutes to complete the test. Our aim was to explore the utility of the 13C-UBT with a total duration of 30 minutes or less. Methods. After a baseline breath sample was obtained, 125 mg of 13C-urea was given in 100 ml of water, and additional breath samples were taken after 20 and 30 minutes. The results of the UBT were compared to histological assessment, culture, and the rapid urease test. 13C-UBTs were carried out on normal volunteers who underwent gastroscopy during which six mucosal biopsies were taken. Three biopsies were for histological evaluation (Genta stain), two for culture, and one was for agar gel rapid urease testing. The UBT was conducted 2 to 3 days either before or after the endoscopic procedure. Results.The cutoff value for a positive UBT was enrichment of 2.4Δ%0 (delta over baseline). Of the 66 tests, 51%0 were Helicobacter pylori-positive. There were no false positive UBTs and only two false negative UBTs at 20 minutes (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 100%). At 30 minutes, one other UBT was false negative (gray zone of 2.36%0.) (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 100%). Conclusion. These results suggest that omission of the meal and shortening the duration of the US 13C-UBT to 20 minutes still may maintain excellent specificity and sensitivity of the test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1996.tb00032.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Best Gastric Site for Obtaining a Positive Rapid Urease Test (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Helicobacter 1 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: BackgroundRapid urease tests (RUTs) provide a simple, sensitive method of detecting Helicobacter pylori infection. Objectives.Our aim, therefore, was to determine whether the yield of detecting H. pylori infection by RUT varied depending on the site of gastric biopsy. Materials and Methods.Gastric biopsies were obtained from 50 patients for RUT by use of hpfast (GI Supply, Camp Hill, PA). Biopsies were taken from the prepyloric greater curve antrum, from the gastric angle, and from the greater curve in mid-corpus. One biopsy specimen was placed in the RUT gel, and the biopsy from the adjacent mucosa was placed in formalin for subsequent histological evaluation by using the Genta stain. RUTs were examined and scored at intervals of 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 minutes and after 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours. Results.Fifty patients were entered in the test (150 RUTs), 32 having H. pylori infection. There were no false-positive RUTs (specificity, 100%). The gastric angle site was positive in 100%. The prepyloric site was positive in 87%, and the corpus site was positive in 84.4% (p 〈 .052 for angle or prepyloric antrum versus corpus). The most common pattern was for all to be positive (74%). The median time to positivity was similar with angle and prepyloric sites (37.5 and 60 minutes, respectively, p= not significant) and shorter than the corpus biopsy (180 minutes); (p 〈 .05 for angle or prepyloric antrum versus corpus). Conclusion.The maximum probability for detecting H. pylori infection using a RUT is to obtain a biopsy from the gastric angle. To prevent missing a positive result when intestinal metaplasia is present, we recommend that (at a minimum) biopsies be taken from both the angle and the corpus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1996.tb00048.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological Classif ication of Gastritis and Helicobacter pylori Infection: An Agreement at Last? (1997)
    Cambridge, MA, USA : Blackwell Science, Inc.
    Helicobacter 2 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An international workshop has assessed and revised the Sydney System for the reporting of gastritis. Much of the original approach was retained including division into acute, chronic and special forms, and grading of chronic inflammation, polymorph activity, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and H. pylori density into mild, moderate and marked categories. Visual analog scales have been introduced as a simple guide to grading. The four biopsy sites have been changed to optimize detection of H. pylori, and supplemented by a fifth biopsy from the incisura angularis, the site which is most likely to yield premalignant changes. Chronic gastritis is classified into non-atrophic and atrophic forms with the latter divided into autoimmune (diffuse corpus atrophy) and multifocal. Histological reporting of gastritis should take into account the topographical pattern (antral or corpuspredominant), and the final diagnostic term should ideally combine morphology and etiology to maximize the clinical value of gastric biopsy diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1997.06b09.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary Gastric MALT Lymphoma: Trivial Condition or Serious Disease? (1997)
    Cambridge, MA, USA : Blackwell Science, Inc.
    Helicobacter 2 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Primary gastric B-cell lymphomas originating from the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) have been demonstrated to be closely associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Approximately 70% of these tumors regress within 1 year of eradication of H. pylori. Currently, there is little consensus on the best strategies for diagnosing, treating, and following up these lymphomas. Our objective was to review the current strategies for the diagnosis and management of MALT lymphomas and to describe the management guidelines used in our own institution.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods.Our approach consisted of a review of the literature and personal experience.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results.Rigorous histopathological criteria (Isaacson’s criteria) must be applied to the diagnosis of gastric biopsies with atypical lymphoid aggregates. Molecular and immunohistochemical studies might play have a role in determining the clonality of the lesions, but correlation with the histopathological aspects is crucial.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions.Little solid information exists on the natural history and evolution of MALT lymphomas. While studies are being carried out, we suggest that even a suspected MALT lymphoma in a gastric biopsy specimen should be treated as a potentially serious condition. The diagnosis should be confirmed by an experienced histopathological laboratory, and H. pylori infection must be sought and treated. Because the response of lymphomas to antibacterial therapy cannot be predicted, close follow-up of affected patients is essential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1997.06b15.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect ofStrongyloides ratti on small bowel function in normal and immunosuppressed host rats (1988)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 33 (1988), S. 1316-1321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: Strongyloides ; parasites ; absorption ; d-xylose ; sucrase ; lactase ; alkaline phosphatase ; immunosuppressed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although Strongyloides stercoralis is a common parasite, little is known about its effect on intestinal function. Published clinical studies are difficult to evaluate and compare because of the inability to differentiate the effects of the parasite load from that of various other coexisting features such as bacterial overgrowth, multiparasitism, malnutrition, or tropical sprue. Using a rat model where these problems do not occur, we found that Strongyloides ratti did not inhibit intestinal function in the healthy rat. In fact, in normal rats S. ratti appeared to increase ileal sucrase activity. In contrast, in the methylprednisolone-treated rat, S. ratti produced a decrease in lactase and sucrase activity and an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. S. ratti had no effect on 3-O-methylglucose uptake ord-xylose absorption in either group. These results suggest that S. ratti has little effect on small bowel function in a healthy rat but can cause minor alterations in intestinal function in an immunosuppressed, methylprednisolone-treated, malnourished host. These results are also consistent with clinical observations seen with S. stercoralis in humans and with another nematode, Ascaris suus, in the pig model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01536685
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helicobacter pylori infection produces reversible glycosylation changes to gastric mucins (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 419-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Helicobacter pylori ; Gastric mucin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gastric mucosa ; Glycoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The protective ability of gastric mucins may depend largely on their oligosaccharide chains. We evaluated the effects of H. pylori infection on the glycosylation of gastric mucins. Gastric biopsy specimens from 20 H. pylori-infected patients before and after cure of the H. pylori infection and 8 normal uninfected volunteers were examined by immunostaining for simple mucin-type glycoproteins and blood-group-related antigens bearing type 1 chain backbone. The immunoreactivity in different gastric compartments was evaluated. Simple mucin-type glycoproteins and blood-group-related antigens were expressed in surface mucous cells. Simple mucin-type glycoproteins showed antrum-predominant expression in normal volunteers and were found in significantly fewer surface mucous cells in infected patients than in normal volunteers; their expression was restored after eradication of H. pylori. Sialyl Lewisa and Lewisb were expressed in fewer surface mucous cells after than before eradication. The patterns of glycosylation of gastric mucins vary in different gastric compartments and are reversibly altered by H. pylori infection. These alterations may affect the protective functions of gastric mucins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050269
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination ofHelicobacter pylori status by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (1995)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 40 (1995), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: Helicobacter pylori ; RT-PCR ; urea breath test ; polymerase chain reaction ; detection ; transmission ; epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We previously reported the development and the possible application of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection ofH. pylori in gastric mucosal biopsy specimens. In this communication, the application of this assay was assessed by comparing its results from 79 gastric biopsy specimens obtained from 68 patients with the more traditional [13C]urea breath test. When the amplified products were examined, the specificity and sensitivity of this RT-PCR assay were 100% and 47% on agarose gels and 80% and 91% by Southern hybridization, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of urea breath test were 91% and 96% and were generally superior to RT-PCR (negative predictive value of 94% for UBT and 59–76% for RT-PCR). Although our RT-PCR results compare favorably with other PCR assays applied to gastric biopsy specimens for the detection ofH. pylori, the use of this method did not add significantly to currently available noninvasive diagnostic methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02063952
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunologic responses to experimental strongyloidiasis in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 69 (1983), S. 667-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated in Lewis rats infected with high (3000) inocula ofStrongyloides ratti larvae (L3). The responses of peripheral and mesenteric node lymphocytes to crude larval antigen (by lymphocyte proliferation assay) sharply rose between days 12 and 16 of the primary infection and days 8 and 12 of the challenge, and decreased promptly to almost preinfection levels. Spleen lymphocytes failed to show any response to the primary infection, but did exhibit a modest response after challenge. The responses of peripheral lymphocytes to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin fell considerably on infection day 8 and then rose sharply to very high levels. Reinfection caused a small decrease in responsiveness, followed by another increase after 10 days. Inoculation of 3000 heat-killed larvae stimulated a response in peripheral lymphocytes similar to that elicited by the inoculation of live larvae. Spleen lymphocytes appeared to be stimulated more by the killed larvae inoculation, whereas only a limited response was found in mesenteric node lymphocytes in animals inoculated with dead larvae. IgG antibody titers againstS. ratti antigen were measured by the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). A significant elevation was noted between days 12 and 20 with a return to pre-infection levels between days 80 and 150. Challenge with 3,000 L3 induced a rapid and significant elevation. These data indicate that in rats experimentally inoculated with large numbers ofS. ratti larvae a direct relationship exists between the development of cellular and humoral immune responses to larval antigens, the expulsion of the intestinal worms, and the acquisition of resistance to subsequent challenge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00926676
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