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  • 1
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The basal expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos was studied by Northern blot analysis in different regions of the rat brain during 24 h. A striking spontaneous oscillation of c-fos mRNA expression was detected in animals kept in basal conditions with a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle. In these animals c-fos mRNA was just detectable during the rest hours (morning through afternoon), and was high during the activity hours (night). The periodicity of this oscillation persisted and became free-running when the animals were exposed for 6 consecutive days to constant light or darkness. It was thus demonstrated that the fluctuation of c-fos expression is circadian and is not created by the light-dark cycle, but the latter exerts a synchronizing effect. The oscillation of c-fos mRNA was modified by manipulations of the rest-activity cycle. In particular, the fluctuation observed in basal conditions was inverted, keeping the animals awake during the rest hours (diurnal) and allowing them to sleep in the activity period (nocturnal). These data indicated a close relationship between the oscillation of c-fos expression and the rest-activity cycle. Finally, electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring was performed under behavioural control for 3 h before the animals were killed. These experiments confirmed that, irrespective of the time of day, the EEG pattern typical of a state of sleep (including both slow waves and paradoxical sleep) was associated with low or undetectable c-fos levels, whereas the protracted EEG desynchronization corresponding to wakefulness was associated with high c-fos expression. Altogether these results indicate that c-fos mRNA undergoes during the circadian cycle spontaneous oscillations related to the activation of genomic expression subserving the behavioural and electrical correlates of wakefulness. On the other hand, the behavioural and electrical correlates of sleep are associated with low c-fos expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0928-4257
    Keywords: c-fos immunocytochemistry ; immediate early genes ; sleep-wakefulness cycle ; vigilance
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: african sleeping sickness ; trypanosomiasis ; cytokines ; interferon-γ ; suprachiasmatic nucleus ; gene expression ; endogenous rhythms regulation ; sleep-wake cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Aldo Castellani ha descritto nel 1903 la presenza di tripanosomi in pazienti affetti da malattia del sonno. In occasione del 90mo anniversario di questa scoperta, vengono qui presentati i recenti dati ottenuti in un modello sperimentale di tripanosomiasi africana nel ratto. Tale modello ha consentito di apportare notevoli chiarimenti ai meccanismi molecolari e cellulari dei rapporti che intercorrono fra il parassita e l'ospite. Si verifica, infatti, fra il tripanosoma e le cellule T CD8 dell'ospite, uno scambio bidirezionale di segnali. Questo nuovo meccanismo patogenetico di infezione coinvolge un fattore attivante i linfociti secreto dal parassita ed il γ-interferone. Anche un γ-interferone neuronale, recentemente isolato, potrebbe giocare un ruolo nella malattia. L'induzione selettiva di antigeni maggiori di istocompatibilità di classe I ha rivelato il coinvolgimento, nella tripanosomiasi, dei nuclei ipotalamici paraventricolare e sopraottico. Infine, studi basati sull'espressione del gene ad induzione rapidac-fos hanno evidenziato una disregolazione selettiva del nucleo soprachiasmatico dell'ipotalamo, che svolge un ruolo di orologio biologico. Quest'ultimo dato può sottendere la grave alterazione di ritmi endogeni che caratterizza la malattia del sonno.
    Notes: Abstract The observation of Trypanosomes in patients affected by sleeping sickness has been reported in 1903 by Aldo Castellani. On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of this discovery, we here present the findings recently obtained in an experimental model of African trypanosomiasis in the rat. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of the interplay between the parasite and the host have been largely clarified: a bidirectional signalling occurs between trypanosomes and CD8+ T cells of the host animal. This new pathogenetic mechanism of infection involves a lymphocyte triggering factor released by the parasite and interferon-γ. A recently isolated neuronal interferon-γ could also play a role in the disease. The selective induction of major histocompatibility antigens class I has revealed the involvement of the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in trypanosomiasis. Finally, studies based on the expression of the immediate early genec-fos have pointed out during the infection a selective dysregulation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, that plays the role of biological clock. The latter finding could account for the disruption of endogenous rhythms in sleeping sickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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