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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 8126-8133 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron densities were measured in continuous and pulse-modulated, 13.56-MHz, helium and argon discharges. These measurements were made in a symmetrically driven Gaseous Electronics Conference Reference Cell. Pulse modulation of the applied potential allowed observation of the time required for the electron density to achieve steady state. In general, helium discharges reached steady state in approximately 1.5 ms, taking three to ten times longer than argon discharges under similar operating conditions. As much as a threefold increase of the electron density was observed in the afterglow of a pulse-modulated helium discharge, indicative of large metastable densities. Absorption spectroscopy was used to measure the helium singlet and triplet metastable densities throughout the volume of the discharge. For a 1.0-Torr discharge, helium triplet metastable densities at the center of the discharge were as large as 2.5×1011 cm−3 while the peak singlet density was 3.0×1010 cm−3. The steady-state electron density varied from 3.8×1010 cm−3 at 50 V to 2.3×1011 cm−3 at 200 V for the 1.0-Torr helium discharge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 505-511 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser-induced-fluorescence spectroscopy was used to detect SO and SO2 molecules in the active volume of 13.56-MHz discharges through mixtures of sulfur hexafluoride and oxygen. A KrF laser was used to excite the SO B3Σ state and the SO2B˜1B1 and C˜1B2 states. 235-nm light was used to directly monitor the ground-state densities of these molecules. For a 100-W discharge through a 12.5% oxygen mixture (42 sccm SF6, 6 sccm O2, 340-mTorr total pressure), the SO and SO2 densities were determined to be ∼2×1014/cm3 and ∼4×1013/cm3, respectively. For the same discharge conditions, the SO vibrational temperature was ∼880 K. The SO vibrational temperature was independent of oxygen content in our experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4036-4044 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spatially and temporally resolved electric fields in the sheath region of a 13.56-MHz, parallel-plate helium discharge have been measured as a function of voltage, pressure, phase, bias, and electrode drive configuration. The electric field was determined from laser-induced fluorescence measurements of the Stark structure of the n=11 singlet Rydberg manifold. Two-dimensional maps of the electric field indicate that the field is uniform across a large fraction of the electrode diameter. Measured values of the sheath electric field are compared with the results of a hybrid Boltzmann-equation–average-equation simulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 2789-2798 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A comparison is made of one-dimensional theoretical simulations with measured densities of electrons and He metastables in a Gaseous Electronics Conference Reference Cell. The theory attempts to be as ab initio and complete as necessary for describing a He plasma. The basic theoretical description incudes the time-dependent, electric-field-consistent Boltzmann equation for the electrons, inertial fluid equations for the heavy particles, and a multilevel model of the He excitations. The novel numerical algorithms are rapidly convergent. The experimental and theoretical absolute number densities are generally within a factor of 2 for both the electron plasma density and the metastable densities. In addition the spatial variation of the metastable populations (singlet and triplet) between the electrodes is well reproduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 1374-1376 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sulfur dimers were detected in sulfur-hexafluoride plasma-etching discharges using optical emission spectroscopy and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Dimer densities were estimated to be on the order of 1013/cm3 and appear to decrease rapidly with increasing oxygen content in the discharge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 1809-1811 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy with pulsed-ultraviolet laser excitation of the Stokes vibrational Raman lines was used to measure the percent dissociation of nitrogen and sulfur hexafluoride in low-pressure radio refrequency discharges of the type used for processing semiconductor materials. Measurements of the percent dissociation of sulfur hexafluoride, at pressures between 200 and 600 mTorr, show a strong pressure dependence which is consistent with recombination playing an important role in sulfur hexafluoride discharge kinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A "reference cell'' for generating radio-frequency (rf) glow discharges in gases at a frequency of 13.56 MHz is described. The reference cell provides an experimental platform for comparing plasma measurements carried out in a common reactor geometry by different experimental groups, thereby enhancing the transfer of knowledge and insight gained in rf discharge studies. The results of performing ostensibly identical measurements on six of these cells in five different laboratories are analyzed and discussed. Measurements were made of plasma voltage and current characteristics for discharges in pure argon at specified values of applied voltages, gas pressures, and gas flow rates. Data are presented on relevant electrical quantities derived from Fourier analysis of the voltage and current wave forms. Amplitudes, phase shifts, self-bias voltages, and power dissipation were measured. Each of the cells was characterized in terms of its measured internal reactive components. Comparing results from different cells provides an indication of the degree of precision needed to define the electrical configuration and operating parameters in order to achieve identical performance at various laboratories. The results show, for example, that the external circuit, including the reactive components of the rf power source, can significantly influence the discharge. Results obtained in reference cells with identical rf power sources demonstrate that considerable progress has been made in developing a phenomenological understanding of the conditions needed to obtain reproducible discharge conditions in independent reference cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 3282-3284 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser excitation of helium singlet Rydberg states results in fluorescence emanating from many other states including those in the triplet system. By monitoring this fluorescence, it is possible to observe the Stark broadening of the Rydberg states in the presence of an electric field. This technique can be used to measure electric fields in 13.56 MHz parallel-plate discharges with a high degree of spatial and temporal resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 2859-2861 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe the response of an industrial plasma reactor to excitation at varying power levels. When the reactor is excited at low power, rf voltage and current waveforms contain components at multiples of the drive frequency (13.56 MHz) due to the plasma's nonlinear impedance. As power is increased, a transition point is reached and the waveforms change. Above the transition power level, signals at the half-harmonic frequency (6.78 MHz) and its multiples are also present, which is indicative of a period-doubling bifurcation. Above and below the bifurcation point, the dc bias and the etch rate behave quite differently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 1596-1601 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Some of the fundamental properties of the NF3 etchant gas discharge were investigated. The dissociation of the parent gas molecules was inferred using mass spectrometric methods, and it was found that the discharge is much more effective at dissociating NF3 than CF4. Furthermore, the percentage dissociation of the NF3 was extremely large, ∼50%. Using a pulsed discharge it was possible to observe the time evolution of the dissociation products. These studies have led to a mathematical description of the dissociation and product formation kinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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