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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 313 (1965), S. 400-405 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 114 (1988), S. 623-627 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Estrogen receptor immunoassay ; Dextran-coated charcoal ; ER-determinations ; Breastcancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study describes the estrogen receptor (ER) detection by an immunocytochemical assay kit (ER-ICA) on cryostat sections of 78 primary breast carcinomas. Results are compared with quantitatively measured ER levels, which were obtained by the dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) method. An excellent overall correlation between the logarithm of the ER levels, estimated by this technique, and the semiquantitative immunocytochemical evaluation was found, i.e. r=0.73. Since the ER-ICA can be easily handled without radioactivity being involved and since it is more representative of the total tumor, we conclude (as other groups before us) that the ER-ICA is an easy-to-handle and reliable technique presenting many advantages over the DCC method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 69 (1967), S. 326-334 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The question of the lower frequency of sex chromatin in breast cancer, as compared to that in normal female tissue, was studied. Chromosome analyses and autoradiographs for labeling of late-replicating X-chromosomes were performed in cultures of breast cancer cells. 150 aneuploid metaphases were studied. In these, the number of C-chromosomes in cells with a near diploid karyotype were diminished as compared with the average aberration frequency of all chromosomes. In 15 metaphases of different degrees of aneuploidy 1 to 3 late-replicating X-chromosomes could be pointed out. The results suggest that cells can become sex chromatin negative by loss of the X-chromosome. It is left undecided whether the balance between X-chromosomes and autosomes is disturbed when the cells become aneuploid, which could lead to changes in the condensating mechanism of the X-chromosome. By this means, it would be possible for sex chromatin negative cells to arise without loss of X-chromosomes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von der Frage nach der Ursache für die gegenüber der Norm verminderte Sexchromatin-Häufigkeit beim Mammacarcinom wurden Karyotypanalysen und autoradiographische Untersuchungen zur Markierung des spätreplizierenden X-Chromosoms an Carcinomzellen in der Gewebekultur durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 150 aneuploide Mitosen untersucht; die Anzahl der C-Chromosomen war bei den im diploiden Bereich liegenden Zellen gegenüber der durchschnittlichen Aberrationsfrequenz aller Chromosomen erniedrigt. In 15 Metaphasen unterschiedlicher Ploidie ließen sich ein bis drei spätreplizierende X-Chromosomen nachweisen. Diese Befunde weisen darauf hin, daß sexchromatinnegative Zellen durch Verlust des X-Chromosoms zustande kommen. Daneben wird diskutiert, daß eine Störung des Gleichgewichts zwischen X-Chromosomen und Autosomen bei dem aneuploidisierungsprozeß zu einer Änderung der Kondensationsfähigkeit des X-Chromosoms führen kann; auf diese Weise wäre die Entstehung sexchromatin-negativer Zellkerne ohne X-Verlust möglich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 68 (1966), S. 123-130 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The authors report on sex-chromatin counts of 68 mammary carcinomas. In 48 of these the size of the nuclei was also ascertained, in part by classifying them into one of two categories according to size, in part by measuring the two main nuclear axes. The sex-chromatin in the “small” nuclei was about twice as frequent as in the “large” nuclei. The occurrence of small and large nuclei varied in the same tumour as well as in different tumors. Half of the tumors studied had more than 20% large nuclei. In cultures of carcinoma cells the nuclear size increased with culture time; the large nuclei here also had a lower sex chromatin count than the small nuclei.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Autoren berichten über Sex-Chromatin-Untersuchungen an 68 Mammacarcinomen. An 48 von diesen wurde gleichzeitig die Kerngröße ermittelt, teils durch Einordnung in eine von zwei Größenklassen, teils durch Messungen der beiden Hauptachsen. Die als “klein” klassifizierten Kerne sind etwa doppelt so häufig Sex-Chromatin-positiv wie die als “groß” klassifizierten Kerne. Die Verteilung kleiner und großer Kerne variiert innerhalb desselben Tumors wie zwischen verschiedenen Carcinomen. Die Hälfte der untersuchten Tumoren hat mehr als 20% große Kerne. Bei Züchtung der Carcinomzellen in der Gewebekultur nimmt mit der Kulturdauer die Kerngröße zu. Auch hier sind die großen Kerne häufiger Sex-Chromatinnegativ als die kleinen Kerne.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 311 (1965), S. 151-156 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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