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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of paracrystalline phases appearing in water-surface agent-oil diagrams (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 6 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ternary mixtures investigated were obtained from water, mineral oil and ether-linked non-ionic surfactants (polyoxyethylene derivatives of oleic alcohol). The examination of the rheological properties of these mixtures, particularly the viscoelastic properties of the various phases encountered in these diagrams, was expanded. The phases examined were:- anisotropic paracrystalline phases: hexagonal phase and lamellar phase;- the isotropic paracrystalline phase: type I viscous isotropic phase.The measurement instrument used for this work was a creep rheometer. The paracrystalline phases were subjected to very low shear stresses, and the strains induced were recorded as a function of time. The analysis of creep functions obtained enabled us to construct a viscoelastic model and obtain the value of its parameters for each particular case.This analysis of the viscoelastic properties provides an accurate identification of each of the paracrystalline phases: the lamellar and isotropic viscous phases show respectively a Newtonian fluid nature with a yield value (Bingham model), and a perfect elastic solid. The hexagonal phase on the other hand shows an intermediate type of behaviour which is characterized by a well-defined retarded elasticity. This study could also lead to a microscopic interpretation of their structure. Propriétés viscoélastiques des phases paracristallines se trouvant dans les diagrammes ternaires - eau/tensio-actif/huile
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1984.tb00368.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A very promising new glucolipidic surfactant: LipowheatTM (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 27 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: LipowheatTM is an entirely biodegradable 100% natural active ingredient, extracted from non-transgenic wheat. Thanks to its very interesting properties, it can integrate the composition of most cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. The aim of this work was first to realize a large range of stable simple or multiple emulsions, in order to determine and evaluate the ability of a new glucolipidic surfactant LipowheatTM to form and stabilize emulsions. The rheological properties of these emulsions were tested during a 30-day storage period at three different storage conditions (cold, room temperature and at 40°C). In addition to dynamic and static rheological tests, droplet size distribution of the cream was also determined. Furthermore, a stable simple emulsion was selected to realize percutaneous absorption and evaluate the properties of LipowheatTM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00277.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence de la formulation d'une emulsion multiple cosmétique sur la libération des actifs encapsulés (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 18 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Stable multiple emulsions, which contain skin moisturizing factors, including glycolic acid in the internal aqueous phase, have been formulated. Drug incorporation and storage at 4 °C and 50 °C for 30 days do not modify macroscopic and microscopic aspects. The nature of the release mechanism for the active ingredients has been studied in different dilution conditions. Rheological and conductimetric analyses, successively realized in isoosmotic and hypoosmotic conditions, show that the active release appears after dilution by a swelling-breakdown phenomenon. The release velocity of the water soluble active ingredients can be modulated by a modification of some formulation parameters: it can be decreased by an increase of the lipophilic surfactant concentration, it can also be increased by a hydrophilic surfactant concentration, by osmotic pressure and by a decrease of the internal globule size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1996.tb00141.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New methods of determination of the molar weight distribution from rheological measurements (1988)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 27 (1988), S. 487-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Molar weightdistribution ; generalizedexponentialdistribution ; dynamic-rheological properties ; terminal zone ; Doi-Edwards model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract By assuming simplified hypotheses which result from the molecular analysis of Doi-Edwards, it is possible to propose rheological methods for characterizing molar weight distribution of entangled polymeric liquids. The generalized exponential distribution is especially concerned. Theoretical expressions of rheological parameters are derived, and their numerical values are calculated in special cases. A numerical method of discrimination and identification of these special distributions is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01329348
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of molar mass polydispersity index from dynamic rheological measurements (1986)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 25 (1986), S. 494-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Dynamic rheological properties ; terminal zone ; index of polydispersity ; normal logarithmic distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The polydispersity of the molar mass of a material influences the behaviour of its dynamic rheological propertiesG′ (ω) andG″ (ω). This is exemplified by the deviation from unity of the indexI = [2 − (d logG′/d logω)]/[1 − (d logG″/d logω)] in the terminal zone, i.e. at low frequencies. For a normal logarithmic distribution of species, a quantitative correlation may be established between the rheological properties and the parameter that is characteristic of the polydispersity for these species. This correlation can, in certain cases, be drawn from measurements in just the terminal zone or it may require measurements both in the terminal zone and at the beginning of the plateau zone. In each case, the parameter of dispersion can be determined by simple graphical or numerical methods. Finally, an example of the application of these methods to entangled liquid polymers is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01774399
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apport des analyses rheologiques dans l'étude d'émulsions multiples H/L/H (1993)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 32 (1993), S. 168-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Analyse oscillatoire ; test d'écoulement permanent ; régime linéaire ; contrainte critique ; loi de Cross ; loi de Mooney ; dilutions isotonique, hypotonique, hypertonique ; libération contrôlée ; Key words ; Oscillatory analysis ; multiple emulsions ; linear regime ; constraint ; Cross equation ; Mooney equation ; dilutions: isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic ; release kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The main goal of this paper consisted in demonstrating the interest and the versatile nature of the rheological analysis for studying W/O/W multiple émulsions. Using a significant variety of rheological tests, it was possible to characterize the multiple Emulsion structure, to follow its evolution produced by aging or by shear, and to characterize swelling-rupture release kinetics.
    Notes: Resume L'objectif de ce travail a consisté principalement à démontrer l'intérêt et le caractère polyvalent des analyses rhéologiques dans l'étude des émulsions multiples H/L/H. En utilisant la grande diversité des tests rhéologiques, il a été possible de charactériser la structure de l'émulsion multiple, d'étudier sa stabilité dans le temps et sous l'effet d'un cisaillement, et encore de charactériser une cinétique de liberation par gonflement puis rupture des globules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366680
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of state transitions within multiple W/O/W emulsions using calorimetry (DSC)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 204 (1992), S. 145-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0040-6031(92)80323-O
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formulation of a Charcoal Suspension for Intratumor Injection. Part 1: Study of the Nature, Granulometry, and Concentration (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 218-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: charcoal ; suspension ; in vitro diffusion ; in vivo labelling ; mammary tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. We developed a charcoal suspension formulation to be injected intratumorally so that human breast cancers can be tatooed prior to chemotherapy. This deposit is intended to guide the surgeon at the time of the biopsy and resection, especially when the tumor nodule is not visible. The stain should remain in the tumor as long as the patient is on chemotherapy and should be harmless. Methods. We studied on the effect on the nature of the charcoal, its granulometric profile, and its concentration. We then measured diffusion in vitro, in gel, and in vivo in experimental tumors. Results. The formulation selected was prepared with a peat charcoal suspension in water for parenteral injections, with 50% of the particles measuring on average between 2 and 5 μm. The finest particles (〈2 μm) seem to produce the greatest in vitro diffusion and are more readily phagocyted by macrophages and thus eliminated from the tumor by those cells. Conclusions. This charcoal suspension has satisfactory formulation characteristics and diffuses the least, be it in vitro or in vivo, mainly due to the granulometric distribution of the suspension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012061029689
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological analysis of highly concentrated w/o emulsions (1998)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 37 (1998), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words Emulsion ; cosmetics ; oscillatory viscoelastic analysis ; yield stress ; lipophilic emulsions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A series of highly concentrated lipophilic cosmetic emulsions were analysed, in order to determine their rheological and textural properties, as a function of their microstructure. The originality of this study lies in the methodology used, especially the shear-stress scanning analysis. The results of a very powerful and comprehensive dynamic rheological analysis suggest the existence of two critical volume fraction values: besides the “close-packed” value φ c , a “slack-packed” value φ0, close to 0.60 could be demonstrated. It has been shown that the close-packed structure is stable under shear; in constrast, the slack-packed configuration, defined as φ0〈φ〈φ c is unstable under shear. A comparison with theoretical models, especially that of Princen, showed good agreement and allowed the close-packed value φ c to be defined more precisely as 0.67. The gap between 0.67 and 0.74 is probably indicative of a highly polydisperse distribution, as confirmed by microscopic analysis. Flow experiments confirmed the validity of Princen‘s model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003970050099
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