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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of paracrystalline phases appearing in water-surface agent-oil diagrams (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 6 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ternary mixtures investigated were obtained from water, mineral oil and ether-linked non-ionic surfactants (polyoxyethylene derivatives of oleic alcohol). The examination of the rheological properties of these mixtures, particularly the viscoelastic properties of the various phases encountered in these diagrams, was expanded. The phases examined were:- anisotropic paracrystalline phases: hexagonal phase and lamellar phase;- the isotropic paracrystalline phase: type I viscous isotropic phase.The measurement instrument used for this work was a creep rheometer. The paracrystalline phases were subjected to very low shear stresses, and the strains induced were recorded as a function of time. The analysis of creep functions obtained enabled us to construct a viscoelastic model and obtain the value of its parameters for each particular case.This analysis of the viscoelastic properties provides an accurate identification of each of the paracrystalline phases: the lamellar and isotropic viscous phases show respectively a Newtonian fluid nature with a yield value (Bingham model), and a perfect elastic solid. The hexagonal phase on the other hand shows an intermediate type of behaviour which is characterized by a well-defined retarded elasticity. This study could also lead to a microscopic interpretation of their structure. Propriétés viscoélastiques des phases paracristallines se trouvant dans les diagrammes ternaires - eau/tensio-actif/huile
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1984.tb00368.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsion multiple de type L/H/L: étude de l'obtention et du mécanisme de libération (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 16 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Une émulsion multiple L/H/L contenant de l'huile d'amande douce en phase interne et de la paraffine liquide légère en phase externe a été mise au point. Pour cette étude, la nature de l'émulsionnant primaire puis le taux et la nature de l'émulsionnant secondaire ainsi que le pourcentage de l'émulsion primaire à disperser pour l'obtention de l'émulsion multiple, ont été optimisés. Le rôle de chacun de ces constituants a été envisagé dans la stabilisation de l'émulsion multiple ainsi que celui des différents additifs ultérieurement introduits. La différence de nature chimique entre les phases huileuses externe et interne et l'introduction de traceurs ont permis de suivre la stabilité de l'émulsion dans le temps et d'appréhender le mécanisme de libération de substances actives dans ce type de système, par dosages chromatographiques de l'acide oléique et de la vitamine E dans la paraffine liquide légère. Le taux de vitamine E libéré est inférieur à celui de l'acide oléique. Ce phénomène s'explique par une rétention de la vitamine E dans le réseau formé par les tensioactifs polymériques utilisés. La libération apparait done essentiellement provenir de l'éclatement des globules aqueux.Multiple emulsion of oil in water in oil type: preparation and breakdown mechanisms
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1994.tb00077.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Les émulsions multiples (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 13 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The main purpose of this article is to define multiple emulsions, their preparation (new materials and manufacturing processes) methods of characterisation and analysis, and their applications in cosmetology and pharmacy.The second part is devoted to a presentation of the investigation in our laboratory into the optimal manufacturing process to provide stable formulations. The study of release mechanisms from such formulations mainly shows a breakdown of multiple droplets which could be controlled by variation of solute concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1991.tb00543.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology: how to characterize and to predict the evolution of W/O/W multiple emulsions (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 15 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this work was to compare the evolution of three multiple emulsions (ME) by different controls. The series of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions were elaborated and controlled by both the usual analyses which permitted the classification of the multiple emulsions with respect to their thermal stability, and the rheological oscillatory and flow analyses which are polyvalent methods. Further, these allow the ‘identity card’ of the multiple emulsion to be drawn, its evolution to be followed, and moreover, its behaviour being foreseen by simulating ageing by shear. Three different behaviours are observed; a destructuration, a phase inversion and stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1993.tb00069.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apport des analyses rheologiques dans l'étude d'émulsions multiples H/L/H (1993)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 32 (1993), S. 168-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Analyse oscillatoire ; test d'écoulement permanent ; régime linéaire ; contrainte critique ; loi de Cross ; loi de Mooney ; dilutions isotonique, hypotonique, hypertonique ; libération contrôlée ; Key words ; Oscillatory analysis ; multiple emulsions ; linear regime ; constraint ; Cross equation ; Mooney equation ; dilutions: isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic ; release kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The main goal of this paper consisted in demonstrating the interest and the versatile nature of the rheological analysis for studying W/O/W multiple émulsions. Using a significant variety of rheological tests, it was possible to characterize the multiple Emulsion structure, to follow its evolution produced by aging or by shear, and to characterize swelling-rupture release kinetics.
    Notes: Resume L'objectif de ce travail a consisté principalement à démontrer l'intérêt et le caractère polyvalent des analyses rhéologiques dans l'étude des émulsions multiples H/L/H. En utilisant la grande diversité des tests rhéologiques, il a été possible de charactériser la structure de l'émulsion multiple, d'étudier sa stabilité dans le temps et sous l'effet d'un cisaillement, et encore de charactériser une cinétique de liberation par gonflement puis rupture des globules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366680
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of state transitions within multiple W/O/W emulsions using calorimetry (DSC)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 204 (1992), S. 145-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0040-6031(92)80323-O
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formulation of a Charcoal Suspension for Intratumor Injection. Part 1: Study of the Nature, Granulometry, and Concentration (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 218-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: charcoal ; suspension ; in vitro diffusion ; in vivo labelling ; mammary tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. We developed a charcoal suspension formulation to be injected intratumorally so that human breast cancers can be tatooed prior to chemotherapy. This deposit is intended to guide the surgeon at the time of the biopsy and resection, especially when the tumor nodule is not visible. The stain should remain in the tumor as long as the patient is on chemotherapy and should be harmless. Methods. We studied on the effect on the nature of the charcoal, its granulometric profile, and its concentration. We then measured diffusion in vitro, in gel, and in vivo in experimental tumors. Results. The formulation selected was prepared with a peat charcoal suspension in water for parenteral injections, with 50% of the particles measuring on average between 2 and 5 μm. The finest particles (〈2 μm) seem to produce the greatest in vitro diffusion and are more readily phagocyted by macrophages and thus eliminated from the tumor by those cells. Conclusions. This charcoal suspension has satisfactory formulation characteristics and diffuses the least, be it in vitro or in vivo, mainly due to the granulometric distribution of the suspension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012061029689
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß des hydrophilen-lipophilen Detergensgleichgewichtes und der Natur der Ölphase auf die Phasendiagramme von nichtionogenen Detergens-Öl-Wasser-Systemen (1979)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 257 (1979), S. 784-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474118
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