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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of Der pI, the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus major mite allergen, from a crude mite culture extract, purification by ion-chromatography, and comparison between the material obtained and a cDNA-coded Der pI
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 599 (1992), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0021-9673(92)85462-3
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microsequencing of peptides and proteins
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 8 (1989), S. 292-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-9936
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165-9936(89)85063-0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the polymer latex coalescence by dielectric measurements at microwave frequency—feasibility of the method (1989)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Dielectric ; coalescence ; compaction ; latex ; microwave ; latexdrying ; weightlosses ; dielectricconstantsvariation ; polybutylacrylate ; polystyrene ; filmformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The measurement of the complex dielectric constant (ε *=ε′−jε″) in the dipolar absorption domain of the “free” water molecule (microwave region) permits us to follow quasi-specifically and precisely the water circulation during the coalescence process of a latex. Weight losses and dielectric constants variations have been simultaneously recorded upon latex drying, in a resonant cavity at 5 and 9 GHz and under controlled atmosphere and temperature. Two different latexes were studied (polybutylacrylate (PBuA) and polystyrene (PS)) from which the glass transition temperature effect was investigated. It is found that the harder the polymer particles, the more clearly evidenced the flocculation and packing points are. This method appears to be quite reliable for discriminating the various steps in the film formation process of latexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410356
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approches cinetiques du mecanisme de la copolymerisation styrene acrylate de butyle (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 10 (1985), S. 69-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Batch emulsion copolymerizations of n-butyl acrylate (B) and styrene (S) have been carried out, using either potassium persulfate or “azocarboxy” as initiators and sodium dodecyl sulfate as emulsifier. Particle size vs conversion studies, within a broad range of initiator (0,37 to 3,3.10-3 mol. 1-1) and emulsifier (0,6 to 18.10-3 mol. 1-1) concentrations, 1/1 comonomer ratio and for two solid contents (20 and 50 %), have been investigated through dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy methods. Molecular weight and surface characteristics of the emulsion copolymers were also estimated. From the results, it is suggested that, due to the water solubility of the n-butyl acrylate, the particle formation in this system follows a homogeneous nucleation mechanism where the limited flocculation step is strongly dependent upon the stabilizing properties of the latex.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.020101985108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate. II. Kinetic studies in the presence of ionogenic comonomers (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 1937-1959 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Batch emulsifier-free copolymerizations of styrene (S) and butyl acrylate (BuA) have been performed for a S/BuA weight ratio = 50/50 in the presence of two types of functional comonomers [methacrylic acid (MAA) at different pHs] or potassium sulfopropylmethacrylate (SPM) and two initiators [potassium persulfate or 4-4′azobiscyanopentanoic acid (AZO)]. The use of AZO/MAA system results in the formation of polymer particles with only surface carboxylic end groups. The particle size of the final latexes can be adjusted with the MAA concentration, provided the polymerization is carried out at pH 〉 6.5. However, the higher the MAA concentration, the sooner the polymerization levels off in conversion. With the K2S2O8/SPM system, particles bearing only sulfate and sulfonate groups are produced and the polymerization is complete. In that case, the particle size of the final latexes is smaller than with the previous system and 30% of the SPM is fixed on the particle surface, instead of 10% with MAA. Using SPM, a too high functional monomer concentration results in the latex destabilization caused by the formation of a large amount of polyelectrolytes. Kinetic studies indicate that most of the functional monomer is incorporated onto the particle surface during the last 30% conversion of the polymerization. A tentative explanation of such a behavior is discussed, based on the existence of two polymerization loci in the latex system.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260719
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate. III. Kinetic studies in the presence of a surface active comonomer, the sodium acrylamido undecanoate (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 137-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Emulsion terpolymerization of styrene (S), butylacrylate (BuA) and sodium acrylamido undecanoate (AUNa), a surface active functional monomer have been carried out using a batch process in the presence of sodium 4-4′-azobiscyanopentanoate as initiator. Varying the AUNa concentration, stable particles bearing only carboxylic charges have been produced with diameters ranging from 200 to 500 nm at solids content as high as 40%. However a low AUNa yield at the particle surface has been found (30-35%), which could be explained by very unfavorable reactivity ratios of AUNa with S and BuA. Most of the AUNa seems to be wasted in the water phase (unpolymerized and forming hydrosoluble chains). Furthermore, a concentration of AUNa higher than 10-2 mol L-1 results in the latex destabilization, presumably caused by the formation of a large amount of polyelectrolytes. Kinetic studies of the AUNa consumption show that the AUNa is mainly fixed at the particle surface between 90 and 100% conversion, which indicates that the AUNa is mainly polymerized in the water phase and not at the particle surface. An attempt has been made to increase the surface charge density by polymerizing a shell of AUNa/S/BuA on a seed latex. It turned out to be unsuccessful (low surface yield, formation of new particles).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280110
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate. I.Part II of this series has been published in the Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Volume 26, Number 7, 1988 on page 1937. Kinetic studies in the absence of surfactant (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 119-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Soapless emulsion copolymerization of styrene (S) and n-butyl acrylate (BuA) has been investigated using two types of initiator and different comonomer feed mixtures. When using K2S2O8 as initiator, the particle size and size distribution of the final latexes (500 nm and 1.003, respectively) is not significantly affected by the comonomer feed composition, whereas the molecular weight and surface characteristics were found to sharply change at high butyl acrylate content. Based on the most probable particle nucleation mechanism and type of chain termination in the monomer swollen particles, a tentative explanation of these results has been proposed. Replacing persulfate by a carboxylic initiator (4-4′-azobiscyanopentanoic acid) results in the formation of stable particles as α observed with the persulfate, provided the aqueous phase pH is fixed in between 6 and 7. Results on the initiator residue location as a function of the conversion point out that the particle flocculation mechanism is strongly significant in the preparation of such latexes.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280109
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