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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 13 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There are few data on the natural course of Helicobacter pylori-related atrophic gastritis.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To investigate the effect of H. pylori eradication on advanced atrophic gastritis in the corpus.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Twenty-two elderly men with H. pylori infection and moderate or severe atrophic corpus gastritis formed the study population. These men were under endoscopic surveillance because of the presence of indefinite or definite dysplastic gastric lesions in addition to atrophic corpus gastritis. The men were gastroscopically and bioptically examined four times before they received H. pylori eradication therapy (mean follow-up time, 7.5 years), and once again 2.5 years after eradication therapy. Serum levels of pepsinogen I and H. pylori antibodies were analysed at baseline, immediately before and 2.5 years after eradication therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:During the 7.5-year period prior to eradication therapy, no significant changes were observed in the mean atrophy and intestinal metaplasia scores or in the mean serum level of pepsinogen I. However, a significant improvement occurred in the mean histological scores of inflammation (from 2.2 to 0.5), atrophy (from 2.2 to 1.2) and intestinal metaplasia (from 1.6 to 1.1) in the corpus mucosa after H. pylori eradication. In addition, the mean serum level of pepsinogen I increased from 16.3 to 25.7 μg/L (P=0.0071, Wilcoxon signed rank test) after eradication therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:The results suggest that advanced atrophic corpus gastritis (and intestinal metaplasia) improves and may even heal after the eradication of H. pylori.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 104 (1985), S. 175-181 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Material umfaßte 26 Patienten, die unter der Diagnose „Chondromalacia Patellae” in den Jahren 1972–1978 operiert wurden. Die Patienten wurden postoperativ durchschnittlich nach 4,6 Jahren kontrolliert. 21 Patienten wurden an einem und fünf Patienten an beiden Knien operiert. Das Ziel der Primäroperation war bei 18 Fällen nur die Veränderung des Gelenkknorpels, wobei man von denen sechs Fälle reoperieren mußte. Dazu war noch die Ursache der Primäroperation bei 13 Fällen die gestörte Biomechanik des Patellofemoralgelenkes. Die pathologisch-anatomische Untersuchung zeigte bei 27 der 31 Fälle degenerative Gelenkknorpelveränderungen. Die Symptome der Patienten milderten sich durchschnittlich nach der Operation. Wenn man aber verschiedene Operationstypen miteinander vergleicht, war die Verbesserung statistisch bedeutend nur nach Operationen, die auf die Biomechanik gezielt waren. Die Ergebnisse verstärken die Auffassung, daß die Beschwerden des Patellofemoralgelenkes häufig auf die gestörte Biomechanik dieses Gelenkes und des Extensorenapparates zurückzuführen sind und die alleinige Beseitigung des Beschädigten Knorpels keine ausreichende Maßnahme ist.
    Notes: Summary The series consisted of 26 patients operated on in 1972–1978 for chondromalacia patellae. The patients were followed up an average of 4.6 years after the operation. The operation involved one knee in 21 patients, both knees in 5. The primary operation was carried out for lesions of the articular cartilage of the patella alone in 18 cases (in 6 of these a second operation was necessary) and for a biomechanical disturbance of the patellofemoral joint in 13 cases. Degenerative changes of the patellar cartilage were observed at anatomo-pathological examination in 29 of 31 knees. On average, the patients' symptoms were alleviated after the operation, but comparison of different types of operation showed a statistically significant improvement only after operations that modified the biomechanics. The results confirm the view that symptoms originating in the patellofemoral joint often are due to biomechanical disturbances of this joint and the extensor system of the knee, and that the removal of injured cartilage alone is not sufficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 103 (1984), S. 18-25 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung umfaßte 200 Patienten, bei denen wegen eines Ischiassyndroms eine lumbale Myelographie durchgeführt worden war. Nach der Myelographie wurde bei 95 Patienten eine operative Ausräumung der Bandscheibe durchgeführt. Ein sicherer oder möglicher Bandscheibenvorfall wurde in 66% der Myelographien gefunden. Die meisten positiven Myelographiebefunde wurden im Zwischenwirbelraum L4–L5 gefunden. Die klinische Höhenlokalisation erwies sich nach operativer Sicherung des Befundes in 52% der Fälle als richtig, die myelographische Höhenlokalisation dagegen in 90%. Falsch positive Myelographiebefunde gab es in 4% der Fälle, falsch negative in 6%. Wenn entweder der klinische Befund oder der Myelographiebefund sicher war, wurde bei der Operation immer ein Bandscheibenvorfall oder eine Bandscheibenprotrusion gefunden. Annähernd ein Viertel der klinisch als sichere Bandscheibenvorfälle eingestuften Fälle wurden nicht operiert, da die Myelographie negativ ausfiel. Ein Fünftel der myelographisch gesicherten Bandscheibenvorfälle wurden ebenso nicht operiert, da sich das klinische Bild bis zum Zeitpunkt der Myelographie gebessert hatte. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse der Untersuchung wurden folgende Rückschlüsse gezogen: Die klinische Höhenlokalisation eines Bandscheibenvorfalles ist sehr unsicher; eine Myelographie sollte immer durchgeführt werden, wenn ein operatives Vorgehen in Frage kommt. Die Myelographie sollte nur dann durchgeführt werden, wenn eine klare Operationsindikation vorliegt. Die Wartezeit für die Myelographie sollte 1 Woche nicht überschreiten. Ein sicher positiver Myelographiebefund spricht für ein gutes Ergebnis bei einem operativen Vorgehen.
    Notes: Summary The series consisted of 200 patients on whom lumbar myelography was performed for sciatica. After myelography, a disc operation was carried out on 95 patients. The episode of sciatica was the first for 90 patients. Objective neurologic signs were present in 185 patients, while 15 had only subjective symptoms. Definite or possible disc herniation was revealed by myelography in 66%. Most positive findings were located at the L4–L5 interspace. The clinical diagnostic accuracy rate was assessed from the patients' histories. As confirmed by operation, the accuracy of the clinical diagnostics was 52%, and the accuracy rate of myelography was 90%. The rate of false positive findings in myelography was 4%, that of false negative findings 6%. When the clinical or myelographic diagnosis was definitive, a disc herniation or protrusion was always found at operation. Almost one fourth of the clinically diagnosed definite herniations were not treated surgically because myelography proved negative. One fifth of those patients in whom myelography revealed an unequivocal disc herniation were not operated on because these patients had clinically improved before being admitted to myelography. The results of this study justify the following conclusions: the clinical level diagnostics of a disc herniation is rather unreliable, and myelography is therefore always indicated before operation; myelography should only be performed in operation; myelography should only be performed in those cases in which there is a clear clinical indication for surgery; myelography ought to be performed within 1 week; an unequivocal positive finding in myelography predicts a good operative result.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 29 (1994), S. 349-353 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden Ergebnisse von Verdampfungs-experimenten mitgeteilt, die an Rieselfilmen von Wasser und Zuckerwasserlösungen gewonnen wurden, welche an der Außenseite von glatten oder geriefelten Edelstahlrohren unter Atmosphärendruck abliefen. Sie beziehen sich auf den gemittelten Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten bei Wärmestromdichten von bis zu 30 kW/m2 im Prandtl-Zahlenbereich 2〈Pr〈20. Letztere stimmen bei Glattrohren nicht zufriedenstellend mit den aus der wohlbekannten Korrelation von Chun und Seban folgenden Werten überein, weshalb eine verbesserte Beziehung vorgeschlagen wird. Im Vergleich mit Glattrohren liefern Rohre mit Riefen ein besseres Wärmeübertragungsverhalten, auch wenn die durch Riefelung bewirkte Vergrößerung der Oberfläche berücksichtigt wird. Filmdichte und Spektrum der Wellenfrequenzen wurden an Glattrohren mit einem speziellen Meßgerät ermittelt.
    Notes: Abstract A series of heat transfer experiments is performed with pure water and sugar/water solution films flowing down on outside surface of a smooth or fluted vertical stainless steel tube near atmospheric pressure. Data on length-averaged heat transfer coefficient are presented in a range of Prandtl number 2〈Pr〈20 with wall heat fluxes up to 30 kW/m2. The measured heat transfer coefficient for smooth tube does not agree very well with the well-known correlated of Chun & Seban. A new corrected correlation is presented. The fluted tube shows an increased heat transfer performance as compared to the corresponding smooth tube. The increase in the overall heat transfer coefficient turned out to be slightly higher than the increase in the corresponding heat transfer area. Film thickness and spectrum of wave frequencies were measured for smooth tube with a special probe assembly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), as well as its precursor (5-HTP) and metabolite (5-HIAA), were biochemically determinated in the trigeminal ganglion of the guinea pig and rat. The distribution of 5-HT in the ganglion and in its posterior root was studied using both indirect immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. In order to increase the possible 5-HT content of primary sensory neurons for subsequent immunohistochemical visualization, animals were first treated with nialamide, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, and then loaded with l-tryptophan. Another group of animals received colchicine to inhibit intra-axonal transport of transmitter substances. However, even combined use of loading and colchicine treatment did not reveal 5-HT immunoreactivity in ganglion cells. The only source of 5-HT immunoreactivity in the trigeminal ganglion and its posterior root was mast cells. These cells were located around the ganglion in adjacent leptomeningeal and connective tissues, as well as between the ganglion cells and nerve fibers. Only occasionally were mast cells found in the posterior root of the ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 42 (1979), S. 199-207 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Diphosphoglycerides ; Exertion ; Physical education and training ; Physical fitness ; Sports medicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A statistically significant 10% increase (ps〈0.005) in mean red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration, concomitantly with a mean 16% increase (p〈0.001) in the predicted maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was observed in 29 recruits, who were studied during 6 months of physical training in military service. The increase in 2,3-DPG was higher, the lower the initial 2,3-DPG and VO2 max levels. The mean initial 2,3-DPG level was higher in the subjects with a higher initial VO2 max. A strenuous but highly aerobic 21-km marching exercise elicited a mean 9% increase (p〈0.005) in red cell 2,3-DPG concentration. A significantly greater response of 2,3-DPG to marching exercise was observed in subjects with a lower pre-test VO2 max than in those with a higher pre-test VO2 max. During another more competitive march 2,3-DPG remained almost unchanged and was associated with a tendency towards a negative correlation with the accompanying lactate response (r=−0.60, p〈0.05). Red cell 2,3-DPG response to a standardized exercise is considered to be a suitable indicator for evaluating the effect of training on an individual.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Aerobic threshold ; Anaerobic threshold ; Muscle lactate ; Phosphagens ; Blood lactate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle metabolites and blood lactate concentration were studied in five male subjects during five constant-load cycling exercises. The power outputs were below, equal to and above aerobic (AerT) and anaerobic (AnT) threshold as determined during an incremental leg cycling test. At AerT, muscle lactate had increased significantly (p〈0.05) from the rest value of 2.31 to 5.56 mmol · kg−1 wet wt. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in CP by 28% (p〈0.05), whereas only a minor change (9%) was observed for ATP. At AnT muscle lactate had further increased and CP decreased although not significantly as compared with values at AerT. At the highest power outputs (〉 AnT) muscle lactate had increased (p〈0.01) and CP decreased (p〈0.01) significantly from the values observed at AnT. Furthermore, a significant reduction (p〈0.05) in ATP over resting values was recorded. Blood lactate decreased significantly (p〈0.01) during the last half of the lowest 5 min exercise, remained unchanged at AerT and increased significantly (p〈0.05–0.01) at power outputs ⩾AnT. It is concluded that anaerobic muscle metabolism is increased above resting values at AerT: at low power outputs (⩽AerT) this could be related to the transient oxygen deficit during the onset of exercise or the increase in power output. At high power outputs (〉 AnT) anaerobic energy production is accelerated and it is suggested that AnT represents the upper limit of power output where lactate production and removal may attain equilibrium during constant load exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 56 (1987), S. 253-259 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Adenosine triphosphate ; Lactate ; Muscle metabolism ; pH ; Phosphocreatine ; Short-term exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle ATP, creatine phosphate and lactate, and blood pH and lactate were measured in 7 male sprinters before and after running 40, 60, 80 and 100 m at maximal speed. The sprinters were divided into two groups, group 1 being sprinters who achieved a higher maximal speed (10.07±0.13 m ·s−1) than group 2 (9.75±0.10 m ·s−1), and who also maintained the speed for a longer time. The breakdown of high-energy phosphate stores was significantly greater for group 1 than for group 2 for all distances other than 100 m; the breakdown of creatine phosphate for group 1 was almost the same for 40 m as for 100 m. Muscle and blood lactate began to accumulate during the 40 m exercise. The accumulation of blood lactate was linear (0.55±0.02 mmol · s−1 ·1−1) for all distances, and there were no differences between the groups. With 100 m sprints the end-levels of blood and muscle lactate were not high enough and the change in blood pH was not great enough for one to accept that lactate accumulation is responsible for the decrease in running speed over this distance. We concluded that 1) in short-term maximal exercise, performance depends on the capacity for using high-energy phosphates at the beginning of the exercise, and 2) the decrease in running speed begins when the high-energy phosphate stores are depleted and most of the energy must then be produced by glycolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 83 (2000), S. 427-433 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Gonadectomy ; Testosterone ; Myosin heavy chain ; Immobilization ; Remobilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immobilization rapidly alters skeletal muscle. The aim of the present study was to determine whether testosterone administration or, in contrast, hypogonadism affects the recovery of muscle mass and myosin heavy chain (MHC) profile at both the mRNA and protein level, after 1 week of immobilization. Male rats were assigned to one of five groups: control (C), hindlimb-immobilized (IMM), and recovery (REC; where animals were allowed 2 weeks of free cage-activity after immobilization). The recovery group was further divided to eugonadal (REC-C), castrated (REC-GDX), and a testosterone-treated (REC-T). In all groups except REC-T, the body masses after immobilization were smaller than in C, although after immobilization the body mass in REC-T recovered at a slower rate than in the other two REC groups. The gastrocnemius mass and the amount of type IIa MHC mRNA decreased during immobilization, but the control levels were regained after recovery. The amount of type IIb mRNA was reduced in REC-GDX compared to C and IMM. The changes in the relative distribution of MHC mRNA were in line with these results. After recovery, the proportion of type IIx MHC protein increased and type IIb protein decreased, although in REC-T the changes were not statistically significant. The proportion of type IIa MHC protein increased only in REC-GDX. In summary, during recovery from immobilization it seems that muscle mass increases and the MHC mRNA and protein profile tend to change toward a slower phenotype, primarily as a result of the decrease in type IIb MHC. However, these changes occur rather independently of the testosterone status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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