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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Organellar DNA in Alloplasmic Lines of Brassica napus L. (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 111 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Restriction analyses of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA were used to compare 19 different Brassica napus lines. Since these lines are all involved in a study of alloplasmic effects in male-fertile B. napus, and the majority were extracted from different parts of a B. napus breeding programme, most cytoplasms are from B. napus, B. campestris or B. oleracea. Three cytoplasms differed from the expected pattern, emphazising the importance of control of the cytoplasms in alloplasmic studies. Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA data produced analogous results, and these two sources of data are compared with respect to their usefulness in a plant breeding context where most of the samples are closely related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00628.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of bulked segregant analysis to accumulate RAPD markers near a locus for beet cyst nematode resistance in Beta vulgaris (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to accumulate RAPD markers near the beet cyst nematode resistance locus Hslpro-1 of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Graphical genotypes constructed from RFLP data were utilized to select F2 individuals in (1) the construction of pools of plants used in the initial screening for polymorphisms, and (2) the selection of individual plants used to confirm the potential linkage. The pooled DNA samples were screened for polymorphisms using 668 RAPD primers. Forty-four candidate markers potentially linked to the region were analysed further using 14 segregating individuals. Close linkage was confirmed for 17 of the markers. Four of the RAPD markers were assigned map coordinates within the RFLP map. Three of these markers extended the RFLP map by 3cM. Altogether, the 8cM target interval contains 10 RFLP and 17 RAPD markers, corresponding to an average marker density of 0.3cM in the Hslpro-1 region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb00970.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Components of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterility System in Resynthesized and Cultivated Forms of Oilseed Rape (Brassies napus L.) (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 104 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Male sterile Brassica napus L. plants were found in breeding material which was used for the development of yellow-seeded oilseed rape. The genetic studies indicated that the male sterility was conditioned by the presence of maintamer genes in the nuclear backgrounds of two newly resynthesized B. napus lines, No7076 and No7406, in combination with a male sterility-inducing cytoplasm (S) which is frequently found in cultivated forms of B. napus. Test crosses with nap maintainer and restorer lines support the conclusion that the observed male sterility is of nap type. Furthermore, the Eco RI restriction pattern of mitochondrial DNA of the (S) cytoplasm was identical to that of the nap cytoplasm. Hence, we conclude that we have uncovered a new source of maintainer lines for the nap system which could potentially lead to the production of a better maintainer/restorer system for use in hybrid oilseed rape breeding programmes. However, more work is needed to reduce the glucosinolate content of the maintainer lines and to determine the factors controlling the phenotypic expression of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00397.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microsporogenesis and tapetal development in fertile and cytoplasmic male-sterile sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 4 (1991), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Beta vulgaris ; Microsporogenesis ; Tapetum ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The development of sporogenous and tapetal cells in the anthers of male-fertile and cytoplasmic male-sterile sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants was studied using light and transmission electron microscopy. In general, male-sterile anthers showed a much greater variability in developmental pattern than male-fertile anthers. The earliest deviation from normal anther development was observed to occur in sterile anthers at meiotic early prophase: there was a degeneration or irregular proliferation of the tapetal cells. Other early aberrant events were the occurrence of numerous small vesicles in the microspore mother cells (MMC) and a disorganized chromatin condensation. Deviations that occurred in sterile anthers at later developmental stages included: (1) less distinct inner structures in the mitochondria of both MMC and tapetal cells from middle prophase onwards. (2) dilated ER and nuclear membranes at MMC prophase, in some cases associated with the formation of protein bodies. (3) breakdown of cell walls in MMCs and tapetal cells at late meiotic prophase. (4) no massive increase in tapetal ER at the tetrad stage. (5) a general dissolution of membranes, first in the MMC, then in the tapetum. (6) abortion of microspores and the occurrence of a plasmodial tapetum in anthers reaching the microspore stage. (7) no distinct degeneration of tapetal cells after microspore formation. Thus, it seems that the factors that lead to abortive microsporogenesis are structurally expressed at widely different times during anther development. Aberrant patterns are not restricted to the tetrad stage but occur at early prophase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190008
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of RFLP and RAPD markers in a comparison of Brassica napus breeding lines (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; RFLP markers ; RAPD markers ; Genetic distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract RFLP and RAPD markers were evaluated and compared for their ability to determine genetic relationships in a set of three B. napus breeding lines. Using a total of 50 RFLP and 92 RAPD markers, the relatedness between the lines was determined. In total, the RFLP and the RAPD analysis revealed more than 500 and 400 bands, respectively. The relative frequencies of loci with allele differences were estimated from the band data. The RFLP and RAPD marker sets detected very similar relationships among the three lines, consistent with known pedigree data. Bootstrap analyses showed that the use of approximately 30 probes or primers would have been sufficient to achieve these relationships. This indicates that RAPD markers have the same resolving power as RFLP markers when used on exactly the same set of B. napus genotypes. Since RAPD markers are easier and quicker to use, these markers may be preferred in applications where the relationships between closely-related breeding lines are of interest. The use of RAPD markers in fingerprinting applications may, however, not be warranted, and this is discussed in relation to the reliability of RAPD markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diploid Brassica napus somatic hybrids: characterization of nuclear and organellar DNA (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica ; Protoplast fusion ; Chloroplast DNA ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Mitochondrial plasmid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five somatic hybrids between Brassica campestris and B. oleracea were obtained. Molecular, morphological and cytological information all suggest that the resynthesized B. napus plants were hybrids. All five plants were diploid (2n=38) and had mainly bivalents at meiosis. Seedset was low after selfing but normal after crossing with B. napus. Molecular proof of the hybrid nature of these plants was obtained by hybridization of a rDNA repeat to total DNA. Analysis of chloroplast DNA restriction patterns revealed that all hybrids had chloroplasts identical to the B. oleracea parent. The analysis of mitochondrial DNA indicated that three hybrids had restriction patterns identical to those of B. campestris, and the other two had restriction patterns similar to those of B. oleracea. The 11.3 kb plasmid present in mitochondria of the B. campestris parent was also found in mitochondria of all five hybrids. This suggests that the plasmid from a B. campestris type of mitochondria was transferred into mitochondria of a B. oleracea type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257846
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two new types of cytoplasmic male sterility found in wild Beta beets (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 561-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Minicircle ; Sugar beet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (ct) DNAs from sugar beet carrying normal fertile and different cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) cytoplasms were compared by restriction analysis and for the occurrence of minicircles. One of the cms materials had the Owen cms cytoplasm currently used for hybrid production in sugar beet; the other three cms materials were derived from wild Beta beets. The mtDNAs from two of the latter cms types (C 7051, C 8640) differed from both the Owen and the fertile cytoplasms in fragment patterns seen after restriction enzyme analysis and in minicircle composition. The third cms type (C 8684) differed from the Owen cytoplasm in mini-circle composition, but restriction enzyme analysis revealed no differences. The presence of the different minicircles was confirmed by Southern hybridization using minicircle-specific clones. All bands hybridized as predicted by gel electrophoresis except a band in the cms type C 8640, which migrated in a similar manner as the c.c.c. form of the a minicircle. This band hybridized only faintly to a minicircle a-specific probe and could be removed by treatment with nuclease S1. In contrast to the large mtDNA variation, restriction analysis of ctDNA detected little variation between cytoplasms. The molecular characterization of the new sources of cms supports the results of previous crossings. Two of the cytoplasms are not only of independent origin, but are also most likely functionally different and thus may be of value in future production of hybrid sugar beet varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition as a source of errors in RAPD analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1185-1192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Random amplified polymorphic DNA ; Competition ; DNA mixtures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have used artificial 1∶1 DNA mixtures of all pairwise combinations of four doubled haploid Brassica napus lines to test the ability of RAPDs to function as reliable dominant genetic markers. In situations where a specific RAPD band is present in one homozygous line but absent in the other, the band is expected in the artificial heterozygote, i.e. in the 1∶1 DNA mixture. In 84 of all 613 heterozygous situations analysed, the expected band failed to amplify in the RAPD reaction. Thus, RAPD markers will lead to an erroneous genetic interpretation in 14% of all cases. In contrast, the formation of non-parental heteroduplex bands was found at a frequency of only 0.2%. Analysis of 1∶ 1 mixtures using (1) a different set of optimized reaction conditions and (2) a material with low genomic complexity (Bacillus cereus) gave identical results. Serial dilutions of one genome into another, in steps of 10%, showed that all of the polymorphic bands decreased in intensity as a linear function of their respective proportion in the mixture. In dilutions with water no differences in band intensity were detected. Thus, competition occurs in the amplification of all RAPD fragments and is a major source of genotyping errors in RAPD analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223449
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition as a source of errors in RAPD analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1185-1192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Random amplified polymorphic DNA  ;  Competition  ;  DNA mixtures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have used artificial 1:1 DNA mixtures of all pairwise combinations of four doubled haploid Brassica napus lines to test the ability of RAPDs to function as reliable dominant genetic markers. In situations where a specific RAPD band is present in one homozygous line but absent in the other, the band is expected in the artificial heterozygote, i.e. in the 1:1 DNA mixture. In 84 of all 613 heterozygous situations analysed, the expected band failed to amplify in the RAPD reaction. Thus, RAPD markers will lead to an erroneous genetic interpretation in 14% of all cases. In contrast, the formation of non-parental heteroduplex bands was found at a frequency of only 0.2%. Analysis of 1: 1 mixtures using (1) a different set of optimized reaction conditions and (2) a material with low genomic complexity (Bacillus cereus) gave identical results. Serial dilutions of one genome into another, in steps of 10%, showed that all of the polymorphic bands decreased in intensity as a linear function of their respective proportion in the mixture. In dilutions with water no differences in band intensity were detected. Thus, competition occurs in the amplification of all RAPD fragments and is a major source of genotyping errors in RAPD analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050355
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minicircle variation in Beta mitochondrial DNA (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Plasmids ; Sugar beet ; Beta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitochondrial DNAs from nine male fertile and eight cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) accessions of wild and cultivated Beta beets were investigated for the presence of low molecular weight DNA molecules. Five different supercoiled DNA molecules were detected, varying in size from 1.33 to 1.63 kb. Southern hybridizations revealed multimeric forms and sequence homologies between the minicircles. The occurrence of the different minicircles among the 17 accessions was investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern hybridization using minicircle specific probes. The 1.33 and 1.63 kb minicircles were found in most accessions, the other three minicircles were found in one or two of the wild Beta beet accessions. The presence of a low number of small, more or less homologous, minicircles in all investigated plants makes these molecules a general characteristic of Beta mtDNA. No association is found between the presence or absence of specific minicircles and the expression of male sterility. Neither does the distribution of the different minicircles in Beta beets indicate any essential biological role of these minicircles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305825
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