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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 4067-4069 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Alternate layers of Co and Cu of individual layer thicknesses from 1.5 to 8.0 nm and total thickness of about 100 layers and of Co bilayers separated by Cu have been electroplated from an electrolyte having a low concentration of Cu and a high concentration of Co atoms. The properties of the resulting structures have been analyzed using SEM, x-ray diffraction, VSM, and FMR methods. Comparable structures have also been fabricated by e-beam evaporation in high vacuum for comparison purposes. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate only the fcc structure. Assuming the Co thickness to be that deduced from the plating charge, we infer 4πM values in the range 6.0–14.5 kG from VSM and FMR. Some uniaxial anisotropy is apparent in this system. These results are similar to those of earlier work on thin fcc Co layers in the same range of thicknesses, where the room-temperature moment was reduced but depended only slightly on layer thickness, and where the uniaxial anisotropy was observed to be small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5864-5866 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The coercive field of thin Co films is strongly dependent on substrate temperature and film thickness, but the magnetic properties of Fe films are only weakly affected by growth conditions. Fe-Cu-Co sandwiches deposited on glass and silicon substrates via electron-beam evaporation exhibit plateaus in their magnetization curves when the coercive field of the Co is made larger than that of the Fe. These plateaus correspond to an applied field region in which the Co and Fe moments are antialigned and the resistance is enhanced. The isotropic or spin-valve part of the magnetoresistance is as large as 3.3% in some sandwiches. The spin-valve magnetoresistance has a broad peak centered at a ferromagnetic layer thickness of 60 A(ring).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6404-6406 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present an initial investigation of the ferromagnetic properties of a novel type of magnetic composite, viz., permalloy-coated submicron diameter hollow cylinders or tubules. The tubules form spontaneously from an organic material, a diacetylenic phosopholipid, and were used as templates on which the ferromagnetic material was deposited by electroless deposition. The permalloy-coated tubules were dispersed in an epoxy matrix to measure the magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) properties of individual tubules. The nature of the magnetic anisotropy and the FMR spectra observed confirmed that the tubules are well aligned by a magnetic field during the epoxy curing. The FMR spectra are interpreted in terms of a powder pattern distribution of thin-film spectra consistent with the large diameter-to-thickness ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Resistivity measurements have been performed as a function of temperature (1–300 K) and magnetic field (0–10 T) on antiferromagnetically coupled Fe-Cr-Fe sandwiches. Two types of samples were studied: MBE-grown sandwiches deposited epitaxially on the ZnSe (100) surface, and evaporated polycrystalline sandwiches deposited on glass substrates. The magnetic saturation field Hs determined from the resistivity ρ(H,T) is linear with temperature throughout the full temperature range for all samples. In the polycrystalline sandwiches, where the observed in-plane magnetic anisotropy is small, the linearity of Hs(T) implies that the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling A12 is also linear with temperature. The magnetoresistance of the sandwiches is constant at low temperature, and decreases linearly with increasing temperature above about 70 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6197-6199 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the results of magnetic and structural studies of sputtered and evaporated multilayers of Gd0.15Fe0.85 and Gd0.40Fe0.60 alloys. Using these alloy compositions, the net moment in each layer is antiferromagnetically aligned with the adjacent layers. The magnetic measurements were made at 300 K in a SQUID magnetometer with a maximum field of 55 kOe. The structures of the films were studied by large-angle x-ray diffraction and the compositions were checked with energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence and Auger depth profiling. To first order, the magnetic behavior of these films can be described by a semiclassical model that treats the magnetization of each layer as uniform with an antiferromagnetic coupling to the adjacent layers. The necessity of using different parameters to fit the in-plane and perpendicular data indicates the existence of an anisotropy that is not included in this simple model. Spin-flop transitions, similar to those reported for multilayers of pure Gd and Fe are observed and are attributed to the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling at the interfaces. These films also display novel magnetic behavior that can be explained by enhancement of magnetostatic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In recent work [J. Appl. Phys. 70, 10 (1991)] the spin valve effect (SVE) was measured in CoxFe1−x/Ag/Fe(x〈0.7) thin layer sandwiches grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The field dependence of the SVE was correlated with VSM magnetization data taken on the samples. It was found that only at low fields was there a correlation between the SVE resistance and the magnetization data. These results indicated a more complex reversal mechanism that included substantial magnetizations in directions not measured in traditional VSM measurements. In order to more accurately determine the field-dependent magnetization of the samples during reversal, the longitudinal and transverse Kerr effects were measured on the layers. The particular geometry used to measure the Kerr effects was for the light scattering plane to be perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. The transverse Kerr effect data, which in this geometry are sensitive to the magnetization parallel to the applied magnetic field, replicated the VSM data. The longitudinal Kerr effect, which is sensitive to the net magnetization perpendicular to the applied field (in the plane of the film), indicated a substantial perpendicular magnetization component. Based upon previous work on epitaxial iron films, it appears that the magnetization reversal process proceeds by transitions between easy axes. From these measurements, the anomalous resistances observed as a function of the applied magnetic field in J. Appl. Phys. 70, 10 (1991), are explained by having one of the films soft, and two easy axes in the plane of the other film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O have been deposited on single-crystal MgO substrates by a simple flash evaporation technique. Small pellets of the superconducting compound were formed by standard techniques, then evaporated to completion on the MgO substrates using an electron beam. The best films show an onset of superconductivity at approximately 110 K and zero resistance by 78 K. X-ray diffraction measurements show the films to be tetragonal with nominal lattice parameters of a=3.85 A(ring) and c=30.66 A(ring). The x-ray data also show the films to be highly textured with the metal-oxide planes parallel to the substrate surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 240-242 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fe-Cu-Co sandwiches have been grown on glass and silicon substrates using electron beam evaporation. Because the typical coercive field of a thin Co film is higher than that of a typical Fe film, the magnetization curves of these sandwiches show clearly the separate, sequential reversal of the Fe and Co moments as a function of applied field. In the applied field region where the moments of the two magnetic layers are antialigned, the spin-valve magnetoresistance shows a peak of over 3% in amplitude at room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Y1Ba2(Cu0.97Fe0.03)3O7-x ; superconductor ; Mossbauer effect ; oxygen Stoichiometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Mossbauer effect of oxygen-depleted YBa2Cu3O7-x and PrBa2Cu3O7-x doped with 3%57Fe has been investigated at room temperature. A manifold of quadrupole-split spectra has been found, whose parameters are in general agreement with those found by other workers. In addition, the Mossbauer spectra show that a fraction of the Fe sites develop magnetic order at room temperature when the oxygen content is reduced. It is demonstrated that the observed asymmetries in the Mossbauer spectra can be the result of a preferential alignment of the platelike crystallites that arises during the normal sample preparation process. The tendency to bond with the oxygen atoms is presumed to be responsible for the discreteness of the Mossbauer spectra as a function of oxygen depletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: high-T c superconductivity ; resistivity ; melting ; oxygen desorption ; metal-insulator transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the temperature dependence of the electrical transport and the thermogravimetric properties, from -200°C to +1000Ć, of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O high-temperature superconductor. We conclude that this system has a cooperative, simultaneous-melting/oxygen desorption/metal-insulator transition that occurs near 900°C. We speculate on its nature and on its relationship to phenomena found in other high-T c superconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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