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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A computer-controlled surface analysis instrument, incorporating static Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning Auger mapping, and secondary electron imaging, has been designed and built at CERN to study and characterize the inner surface of superconducting radio-frequency cavities to be installed in the Large Electron Positron collider. A detailed description of the instrument, including the analytical head, the control system, and the vacuum system is presented. Some recent results obtained from the cavities provide examples of the instrument's capabilities. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. To compare turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) with standard T1-weighted (T1-W) and T2-weighted (T2-W) MR sequences in the very early detection of acute osteomyelitis in children. Materials and methods. In 15 children with osteomyelitis, 15 sets of T1-W spin-echo (SE) (TR/TE, 400–640/12–17), T2-W turbo spin-echo (TSE) (TR/TE/ETL, 3290–4465/112–120/11), and TIRM (TR/TE/TI, 4000–6120/60/160) images were acquired with a 1.0-T magnet. Contrast-to-noise (C/N) ratios and percentage of signal between lesion and normal bone marrow were analysed with a computer-assisted image analysing system in a region of interest (ROI). Results. In 13 of 15 patients, the absolute signal enhancement in a ROI on the TIRM images was better than on the T1-W SE and T2-W TSE images and in 14 of 15 cases, C/N ratios were also better on the TIRM images than on the other sequences. In the other cases, the TIRM signal was diagnostically equivalent. On the TIRM images, the signal difference between normal and pathological tissue was increased to 43–281 % (mean 124 %). On the T2-W TSE images, this signal difference was 4–79 % (mean 36 %) and on the T1-W SE images 6–77 % (mean 37 %). Conclusion. The TIRM sequence is highly sensitive for detecting bone marrow oedema in the very early stage of acute osteomyelitis in children. MRI utilising the TIRM sequence allowed for an early diagnosis. With scan time of less than 4 minutes, this sequence is superior to T1-W SE and T2-W TSE images for detecting early osteomyelitis-associated bone marrow oedema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 140 (1977), S. 453-460 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Cartilage ; MR ; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; technology ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; diagnostic ; Joints ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Purpose. To assess the accuracy of different MR sequences for the detection of articular cartilage abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis. Design and patients. Ten metacarpophalangeal joints and 10 metatarsophalangeal joints (specimens from arthritis patients undergoing ablative joint surgery) were examined with a fat-suppressed (FS) 3D FLASH, a FS 3D FISP, a FS 2D fast spin-echo T2-weighted, and a 2D FS spin-echo T1-weighted sequence. Each cartilage lesion and each cortical lesion was graded from 0 to 4 (modified Outerbridge staging system). Subsequently, the results of each sequence were compared with the macroscopic findings and statistically tested against each other. Results. The study shows that 3D gradient-echo sequences with fat suppression were best for imaging and grading of cartilage lesions in arthritis of the small joints of the hands and feet. Using 3D techniques, all grade 2, grade 3, and grade 4 lesions of cartilage or cortical bone were detected. Conclusion. FS 3D gradient-echo techniques were best for the detection and grading of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone lesions in rheumatoid arthritis. MRI has a great potential as an objective method of evaluating cartilage damage and bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 585-587 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Proteus syndrome ; Hemihypertrophy ; Hamartoses ; Macrodactyly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Proteus syndrome is a rare congenital hamartomatous syndrome. We report on the clinical and radiological appearances of a boy in order to illustrate the typical signs which include subcutaneous masses, in mild forms partial gigantism of hands and feet, hemihypertrophy, and bony abnormalities. We discuss how to make the definitive diagnosis on the basis of using a known rating scale, important aspects of differential diagnosis and clinical features, and diagnostic management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 135-143 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Nierenarterienstenose (NAST) ; Ballonangioplastie ; Endovaskulärer Stent ; Nierenfunktion ; Key words Renal artery stenosis ; balloon angioplasty ; renal artery stenting ; renal function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension, with a prevalence of about 1% in the general population of people with hypertension. Severe arterial stenosis may also lead to impairment of excretory renal function. In experienced hands renal artery revascularization with or without stent implantation may be a safe and effective treatment in patients with sustained hypertension resistant to intensive antihypertensive treatment. Conventional balloon angioplasty of non-ostial RAS caused by fibromuscular dysplasia with a high technical and functional success rate may be the treatment of choice. However, there is continous discussion concerning the utility of ballon angioplasty and renal stenting, respectively, in patients with atherosclerotic disease. At the time being, there are 3 randomized European trials ongoing to analyze the benefit of medical treatment versus percutaneous intervention. Several prospective studies dealing with renal artery stenting in ostial RAS found that the implantation of endoprostheses leads to much better morphologic longterm results as compared to those of balloon angioplasty alone and may be a safe and effective alternative to surgery. In addition, the functional results suggest that stent implantation in patients with mild or severe renal dysfunction may slow progression of renal failure and, thus delay the need for renal replacement therapy. It is to note that renal artery stenting does not impede any further surgical intervention. However, prior to any interventional treatment the indication of an eventual catheter procedure in patients with RAS should be discussed between experienced nephrologists and interventionalists based on clinical, functional and duplexsonographic data.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Nierenarterienstenose (NAST) ist die häufigste Ursache der sekundären Hypertonie mit einer Prävalenz von etwa 1% bei Hochdruckpatienten. Eine hämodynamisch signifikante NAST kann darüberhinaus in der Folge zu einer eingeschränkten Nierenfunktion führen. Die Ballonangioplastie der Nierenarterie mit oder ohne Implantation von Endoprothesen stellt potentiell eine kasuale Therapie der NAST bei Patienten mit therapierefraktärer Hypertonie dar. Die Intervention ist in erfahrenen Händen einfach, komplikationsarm und in aller Regel mit sehr gutem morphologischem Erfolg assoziiert. Die günstigen technischen und funktionellen Ergebnisse machen dieses Verfahren zur Therapie der ersten Wahl insbesondere bei fibromuskulärer Dysplasie. Ob alle Patienten mit arteriosklerotischer NAST einer angioplastischen Revaskularisation zugeführt werde sollen, ist derzeit Gegenstand von randomisierten Studien, die die Katheterangioplastie mit der medikamentösen Therapie vergleichend analysieren. Die Ergebnisse der Stentimplantation sind für die ostiale NAST im Vergleich zur Ballonangioplastie hinsichtlich des morphologischen Ergebnisses signifikant besser. Darüberhinaus zeigen unsere eigenen Ergebnisse und die der Literatur, daß die Katheterrevaskularisation mit Implantation von Endoprothesen die Nierenfunktion stabilisieren bzw. verbessern, und damit potentiell organerhaltend sein kann. Es ist anzumerken, daß die endoluminale Therapie mit Gefäßprothesen eine sekundäre chirurgische Intervention nicht ausschließt. Von herausragender Bedeutung ist die enge Zusammenarbeit des interventionell tätigen Radiologen mit erfahrenen Nephrologen mit dem Ziel einer „adäquaten” Indikationsstellung unter Einbeziehung klinischer, funktioneller und duplexsonographischer Daten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 36 (1897), S. 810-813 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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