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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic investigations on aqueous solution of poly(oxyethylene) - poly(oxypropylene) - poly(oxyethylene) triblockcopolymers
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular Structure 219 (1990), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2860
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-2860(90)80083-V
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SAXS study of core-shell colloids (1990)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 268 (1990), S. 744-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymercolloids ; emulsionpolymerization ; core-shellstructure ; smallangle x-rayscattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Polymeric core-shell systems were produced by a two-stage emulsion polymerization technique under fixed conditions: i) monodisperse seed latex with a sufficiently high particle number; ii) starved monomer-II addition; iii) water-soluble initiator; iv) incompatibility of core and shell polymer. From electron micrographs, it is not possible to determine where the second polymer is located within these two-stage emulsion polymers. The internal structure of the particles can be detected by small-angle x-ray scattering. The results indicate that; i) the emulsion polymerization process takes place in a small surface layer region of the seed particles, and ii) a small interfacial layer exists between the core and shell polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-diffusion study of poly (ethylene oxide)-poly (propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) block copolymers in aqueous solution (1993)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 271 (1993), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Poly (ethylene oxide)-poly (propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) block copolymer ; aggregation behavior ; micellar solution ; pulsed field gradient NMR ; self-diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The self-diffusion of poly (ethylene oxide)-poly (propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) block copolymers dissolved in deuterated water was investigated by means of pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG-NMR). The polymer forms micelles in the solution and, with increasing temperature, clouding and phase demixing occurs. The self-diffusion coefficient indicates the association of the polymer molecules in the vicinity of the cloud point because of its maximum with increasing temperature. Above the cloud point, two kinds of diffusing species are observed due to phase separation. The faster diffusing species is attributed to the polymer-poor phase. The self-diffusion coefficient of the polymer-rich phase species decreases with increasing temperature above the cloud point due to further association and dehydration. The correlation length of the diffusing associates, calculated from the self-diffusion coefficient and the viscosity by means of the Stokes-Einstein equation is nearly independent of temperature and concentration up to 30 wt-% polymer concentration. The correlation length is about 1.4 nm. It shows a slight maximum at the cloud point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652359
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A DSC study of PVAC-PMMA two-stage emulsion polymers (1990)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 268 (1990), S. 991-994 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymercolloids ; emulsionpolymerization ; core-shell structure ; interfacial layer ; differential scanningcalorimetry (DSC)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Core-shell polymer colloids were produced by a two-stage emulsion polymerization technique. The polymers thus formed were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC thermograms show two separate glass transition regions of the core and the shell component with positions unchanged regardless of chemical composition. Increases in specific heat capacity at the glass transition temperature of both components are lower than theoretical values calculated from the net chemical composition. From these results, it is possible to estimate i) the chemical composition of the interfacial layer and ii) the interfacial layer thickness. This interfacial layer thickness is in the order of 2–7 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410587
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktionsverfolgung bei der Emulsionspolymerisation (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 69 (1997), S. 1241-1242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330690939
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerizations in the presence of seeds. I. Formation of core-shell latexes of polystyrene and poly(vinyl acetate) (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 36 (1985), S. 472-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen zur Kern-Schale-Polymerisation am Beispiel von Polyvinylacetat und Polystyren werden vorgestellt. Die Resultate zeigen, daß die Bildung von Schalen auf vorgegebenen Keimpartikeln von der Polymerkompatibilität, der Hydrophilie der Polymere und deren Glastemperaturen abhängt. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Resultaten elektrokinetischer Messungen verglichen.
    Notes: The shell formation in seeded emulsion polymerizations was investigated. Using polystyrene and poly(vinyl acetate) as core and shell polymer and vice versa, significant differences in shell formation in both systems were observed. These differences are discussed in terms of polymer compatibility and water solubility of the monomers and are compared with the results of electrokinetic measurements.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1985.010360902
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerizations in the presence of seeds. II. Monitoring the emulsion polymerization in the presence of fillers by means of ultrasoundPart I: Acta Polymerica 36 (1985) 472 (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 468-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370714
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic emission from emulsion polymerization systems (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 39 (1988), S. 677-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimentelle Ergebnisse der Anwendung der akustischen Emission zur Verfolgung von Emulsionspolymerisationen werden vorgestellt. Ein akustisches Signal konnte nur nachgewiesen werden während eines kurzen Zeitintervalls unmittelbar nach der Zugabe des festen, wasserlöslichen Initiators zum Reaktionsgemisch. Dieses Verhalten kann diskutiert werden als Folge einer verstärkten Lösung der Initiatorkristalle (d. h. einer Auflösung der Oberflächenstrukturen) durch die Polymerisationsreaktion in der wäßrigen Phase.
    Notes: Experimental results are presented concerning the application of acoustic emission (AE) in order to monitor emulsion polymerizations. An AE signal was observed during a short period immediately after the addition of a water-soluble solid initiator to the reaction mixture. This behaviour is discussed in terms of an enhanced dissolution of initiator crystals (i.e. the fracture of their surface) due to the polymerization reaction in the aqueous phase.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1988.010391203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Herausbildung der Molmassenverteilung bei der Emulsionspolymerisation von Vinylacetat (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 40 (1989), S. 238-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The formation and variation of the molecular weight distribution of vinyl acetate during the emulsion polymerization was investigated in dependence on various factors. The experiments revealed that low-molecular weight species as well as high-molecular weight species were generated during the reaction. These results indicate that different reaction loci exist in the emulsion polymerization system.
    Notes: Die Herausbildung der Molmassenverteilung bei der Emulsionspolymerisation von Vinylacetat wurde in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Einflußgrößen untersucht. Wie diese Untersuchungen zeigten, werden während der Polymerisation sowohl nieder- als auch hochmolekulare Spezies gebildet, die auf unterschiedliche Reaktionsorte hinweisen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1989.010400405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers in aqueous solution (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 40 (1989), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Wasserlöslichkeit von Triblockcopolymeren des poly(oxyethylens) und Poly(oxypropylens) wird verursacht durch die Bindung des Wassers an den Sauerstoff der Oxyethylen-Einheiten. Aus Schallgeschwindigkeits- und Dichtemessungen an den Lösungen kann abgeleitet werden, daß im Mittel zwei Wassermoleküle je OE-Einheit gebunden sind. Temperaturerhöhung führtzum Aufbrechen dieser Bindung und damit zum Ausfallen des Polymers aus der Lösung. Die Entstehung von Polymerassoziaten wird mit Viskositätsuntersuchungen sowie statischer und dynamischer Lichtstreuung nachgewiesen.
    Notes: The water-solubility of triblock copolymers of poly(oxyethylene) and poly(oxypropylene) is caused by the binding of water to the oxygen of the OE units. Two water molecules are bound to one OE unit as can be derived from measurements of ultrasound velocity and density of the solutions. This binding is lost by increasing the temperature, and, therefore, the polymer precipitates from aqueous solution. The existence of polymeric associates can be detected by investigations of the viscosity as well as by static and dynamic light scattering.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1989.010400409
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