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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of cysteine residues of spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase as assessed by site-directed mutagenesis (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 32 (1993), S. 6374-6380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00076a010
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of the spinach G-box binding protein family (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 103 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The promoters of the spinach ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase gene and one member of the gene family for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase contain ACGT sequences relevant for gene expression. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that these sequences operate quantitatively and are not involved in the light response. We have isolated a cDNA for a basic leucine zipper protein (bZIP) from spinach. After transcription and translation in cell-free systems, the protein binds in vitro to double-stranded oligonucleotides designed according to both sequences, although with different efficiencies. The genomic DNA segment for this bZIP contains 10 introns. The bZIP gene promoter harbors also an ACGT sequence; however, promoter/uidA gene fusions revealed that these nucleotides are not essential for expression. At least three other genes with high similarities are present in the spinach genome; however, they appear to be either pseudogenes, because they contain in-frame stop codons in highly conserved epitopes, or must be posttranscriptionally modified in order to code for functional proteins. The high sequence similarities suggest that all four sequences derive from gene duplications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1030315.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of the clustered genes for two P700 chlorophyll a apoproteins of the photosystem I reaction center and the ribosomal protein S14 of the spinach plastid chromosome (1986)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1986), S. 843-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Plastid chromosome ; P7oo chlorophyll a apoprotein genes ; Ribosomal protein gene ; Sequence analysis ; Hydropathy ; Spinach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The DNA sequence of approximately 6 kbp encoding the genes for two related P7oo chlorophyll a apoproteins of the photosystem I reaction center, designated psaA and psaB, and the gene for the ribosomal protein S14, designated rps14, of the spinach plastid chromosome has been determined. The reading frames would encode polypeptides of molecular masses of 83 kd (psaA), 82.4 kd (psaB) and 12 kd (rps 14). The gene organization is psaA (750 codons) — 25 pb spacer —psaB (734 codons) — 121 by spacer — rps14 (100 codons). The entire region is transcribed into a single RNA species; the polycistronic transcript appears to be moderately processed (Westhoff et al. (1983a) Plant Mol Biol 2:95–107). The products of psaA and B exhibit substantial sequence and structural homology suggesting that both components arose by gene duplication and constitute the photosystem I reaction center. The decuced amino acid sequence is rich in histidine residues and shows clustering of hydrophobic residues into 9–11 core regions which possess the potential to traverse the membrane. The observation of a fifth possible case of gene duplication for thylakoid membrane proteins is discussed in a functional and phylogenetic context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418531
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochrome b-559 genes from Oenothera hookeri and Nicotiana tabacum show a remarkably high degree of conservation as compared to spinach (1986)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1986), S. 619-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Cytochrome b-559 genes ; Amino acid sequence ; Topological model ; Thylakoid membrane ; Oenothera ; Nicotiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Recent data suggest that cytochrome b-559, an intrinsic membrane protein of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II in chloroplasts, is a heme cross-linked heteromeric polypeptide unit (Herrmann et al. 1984, FEBS Lett 176:239–244). The genes for this cytochrome, designated psbE and psbF, have been located on the chloroplast chromosome of Oenothera hookeri and Nicotiana tabacum by hybridization with fragments of the corresponding spinach genes, and characterized. In both cases, the nucleotide sequence discloses 2 uninterrupted reading frames of 83 and 39 codons separated by a few nucleotides, as in spinach. The amber translation stop codon of psbE overlaps the putative ribosome-binding site for psbF in all cases. The predicted molecular weights of the proteins are 9.2 and 4.3 kd, respectively. In each of the three plant species, the clustered genes are transcribed into a single RNA species, and the direction of transcription is opposite to that of the gene for cytochrome f which is located distal to the b-559 genes. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences with those from the corresponding spinach genes shows 97% homology. The ubiquitous presence and remarkably high degree of structural and functional conservation of this gene cluster supports the hypothesis of a heteromeric assembly and an important functional role for cytochrome b-559.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418129
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location and nucleotide sequence of the pre-apocytochrome f gene on the Oenothera hookeri plastid chromosome (Euonothera plastome I) (1986)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1986), S. 712-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410921
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clp protease complexes and their diversity in chloroplasts (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 207 (1998), S. 286-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Chloroplast ; Clp protease complex ; Evolution (organelle) ; Nuclear gene ; Plastid gene ; Spinacia (protease)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The Clp proteases represent a large, ancient ATP-dependent protease family which in higher plants is known to be located in chloroplasts. The soluble, presumably multisubunit, enzyme of the organelle stroma is of dual genetic origin. It consists of a nuclear-encoded, regulatory subunit ClpC, which is an ATPase, and a plastid-encoded proteolytic subunit ClpP, which is a serine protease. An additional, nuclear-encoded proteolytic subunit resembling ClpP has been recently reported from tomato (Schaller and Ryan, 1995 plant gene Register 95–00). We demonstrate that in both tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and Arabidopsis thaliana, (L.) Heynh. the nuclear-encoded ClpP (nClpP) is made as a precursor molecule that can be imported into isolated intact chloroplasts of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and processed in two or three steps, respectively, to the size of the authentic protein. Furthermore, both gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions and size-exclusion chromatography verified that the three proteins can form distinct heteromeric supramolecular complexes of approximately 860, 1380 and 1700 kDa (probably also of 600 kDa) molecular mass. The size ranges of the former two are reminiscent of those of Clp complexes described from Escherichia coli. In addition, various complexes between 160 and 560 kDa are detectable with the individual components. Both the processing “intermediates” and the mature nClpP are found in assembled form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050485
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplast DNA from three archegoniates (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Archegoniates ; Chloroplast DNA ; DNA (chloroplast)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. DNA from female and male Sphaerocarpos donnellii (liverwort) plants exhibits at least two species with buoyant densities of 1.703 (main band) and 1.691 (satellite) g cm-3 in CsCl equilibrium gradients. At least part, if not all, of the satellite DNA is localized in plastids. It consists of up to 90% of uniformly sized circular molecules of an average circumference of 38.5 μm. Compared to other Chlorophyta, the liverwort's cpDNA is unusually low both in diensity and contour length. — 2. On the hand, cpDNA from the ferns Asplenium nidus and Pteris vittata resembles those of higher plants in buoyant density (1.697 g cm-3) and circumference (about 44.8 μm). — 3. Analysis of DNA from the archegoniate chloroplasts with restriction endonucleases indicates chat the cyclic molecules are monomers. — 4. The results show that the circular molecules found in cpDNA of higher plants do not represent the functionally required minimum size of DNA in plastids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388118
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location and nucleotide sequence of the pre-apocytochrome f gene on the Oenothera hookeri plastid chromosome (Euoenothera plastome I) (1986)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1986), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Cytochrome f gene ; Amino acid sequence ; Oenothera hookeri ; Plastid DNA ; Thylakoid membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The gene for pre-apocytochrome f has been mapped by blot hybridization on a 2.4 kbp HindIII fragment of the circular plastid chromosome of Oenothera hookeii employing probes from the corresponding spinach gene. The gene is located distal to the gene for the ATP synthase subunit alpha, at the border of the 45 kbp inversion that distinguishes spinach and Oenothera plastid chromosomes. Both genes are transcribed in the same direction. Nucleotide sequence analysis reveals a single open reading frame encoding 318 amino acids of which 285 comprise the mature polypeptide and another 33 residues represent probably a N-terminal signal sequence. The putative pre-sequence is 2 residues shorter than those known from the spinach, wheat and pea protein. The deduced amino acid sequences of f cytochromes from the four plant species show over 80% conservation, maintaining the structural characteristics of the protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419877
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A physical map of Nicotiana tabacum plastid DNA including the location of structural genes for ribosomal RNAs and the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (1981)
    Springer
    Current genetics 3 (1981), S. 189-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Tobacco plastid DNA ; physical map ; rRNA gene mapping ; RuBPcase/oase large subunit gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1) Tobacco plastids contain a homogeneous population of double-stranded circular DNA molecules, 101 Megadalton (160 kbp) in circumference. In neutral CsCl equilibrium gradients, this DNA displays a density of 1.697 g · cm−3 which is equivalent to an average base composition of 37.7 mole-% G+C. 2) A restriction endonuclease fragment map of the tobacco plastid chromosome is presented for the enzymes Bgl I, Sal I, Xho I and Pvu II which together dissect the DNA molecule into about 60 fragments. The map was derived by sequential digestion employing the previously described Seaplaque technique. The tobacco plastid chromosome has an anatomy similar to that of many other higher plants; the circular DNA is segmentally organized into two unique sequence segments of approximately 24 and 95 kbp separated on each side by a large inverted duplication of at least 20.4 kbp. 3) Saturation and blot hybridization showed that the genes for the 16S and 23S pt-rRNAs are duplicated. Each copy of the inverted repeat contains one set of rRNA genes; about 26 kbp (short distance) separate the sets from each other. 4) Cloned fragments of spinach ptDNA nick translated to high specific activity in vitro were used to probe the location of the large subunit gene of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase on tobacco ptDNA. A 3.5 kbp-long fragment of the large single-copy region of the tobacco chromosome is complementary to structural sequences of the spinach gene. 5) Mapping and hybridization data suggest that the tobacco and spinach ptDNAs share striking similarities in anatomy and sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429821
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of the clustered genes for apocytochrome b6 and subunit 4 of the cytochrome b/f complex in the spinach plastid chromosome (1984)
    Springer
    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 543-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Plastid DNA ; Cytochrome b6 gene ; Amino acid sequence ; Hydropathy ; Thylakoid membrane ; Transcript modification ; Evolution ; Spinach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 2.4 kilobase-pair segment of the spinach plastid chromosome carrying the genes for apocytochrome b6 and subunit 4 of the thylakoid membrane cytochrome b/f complex has been analysed by DNA sequencing and Northern blot analysis. The nucleotide sequence reveals two uninterrupted open reading frames of 211 and 139 triplets coding for two hydrophobic proteins of 23.7 kd (cytochrome b6) and 15.2 kd (subunit 4). The genes are located on the same strand and are separated from each other by 1018 untranslated base pairs. They map adjacent to the gene for the P680 chlorophyll α apoprotein of the photosystem II reaction center. The three genes appear to be under common transcriptional control and the transcripts post-transcriptionally modified. The deduced amino acid sequences of cytochrome b6 and subunit 4 both exhibit significant homology with published sequences from mitochondrial b cytochromes (42 kd) suggesting that these functionally equivalent polypeptides in photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains arose monophyletically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410442
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