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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 105 (1983), S. 5015-5024 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure and NMR Spectra of (R,R/S,S)-1,2-Di-tert-butyl-1,2-bis(2,2-dimethylpropyl)diphosphane 1,2-DioxideThe title compound 4 was formed stereoselectively from tert-butyldichlorophosphane (2) and 2,2-dimethylpropylmagnesium chloride (3) after oxidation of the reaction product with hydrogen peroxide. Most probably the diphosphane (R,R/S,S)-7b is an intermediate in the reaction sequence. The NMR spectra (1H, 13C{1H}, 31P{1H} of 4 were partially assigned and compared to those of phosphane oxide 5, diphosphane (R,R/S,S)-7a and diastereomeric diphosphane disulfides 8a. The title compound 4 possesses the (R,R/S,S)-configuration and crystallizes orthorhombically in the acentric space group Fdd 2 (No. 43) with eight molecules per cell. In the crystal 4 assumes an approximately eclipsed conformation with the P-oxygen atom and the P'-tert-butyl group essentially diametrically opposed. This difference to diphosphane disulfides, which assume a staggered conformation with the sulfur atoms in anti-position, is attributed to the repulsion between the P-tert-butyl groups.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung 4 entstand stereoselektiv aus tert-Butyldichlorphosphan (2) und 2,2-Dimethylpropylmagnesiumchlorid (3) nach Oxidation des Reaktionsprodukts mit Wasserstoffperoxid. Das Diphosphan (R,R/S,S)-7b ist sehr wahrscheinlich eine Zwischenstufe dieser Reaktionsfolge. Die NMR-Spektren von 4 (1H, 13C{1H}, 31P{1H}) wurden teilweise analysiert und mit denen des Phosphanoxids 5, des Diphosphans (R,R/S,S)-7a und der diastereomeren Diphosphandisulfide 8a verglichen. Die Titelverbindung 4 kristallisiert orthorhombisch in der azentrischen Raumgruppe Fdd 2 (Nr. 43) mit 8 Molekülen pro Elementarzelle und besitzt die (R,R/S,S)-Konfiguration. Im Kristall zeigt 4 eine annähernd ekliptische Konformation, in der das P-Sauerstoffatom und die P'-tert-Butylgruppe sich fast genau gegenüber stehen. Dieser Unterschied zu Diphosphandisulfiden mit gestaffelter Konformation und anti-ständigen Schwefelatomen läßt sich auf die Abstoßung zwischen den P-tert-Butylgruppen zurückführen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 2065-2074 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-Alkylideneimadazolidines - Ketene Equivalents in the inverse Diels-Alder Reaction2-Alkylideneimidazolidines 1 and 2,4-dienoates 2 form cycloadducts at or below room temperature, which are mildly hydrolysed by dilute acid to form derivatives of 2-cyclohexenone and 1,3-cyclohexadienol. The structures of the cis/trans-disubstituted cyclohexenones 14 and 15 were determined by means of 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The cis/trans ratio can be influenced through the choice of the 2-alkylideneimidazolidines 1. Especially N-phenyl-substituted derivatives form trans products 15 stereoselectively but not stereospecifically. The reason for this selectivity is discussed with regard to the multi-step mechanism of the cycloaddition. Depending on the structure of the starting materials 1 and 2, michael additions and acid-base reactions are observed besides cycloadditions.
    Notes: 2-Alkylidenimidazolidine 1 und 2,4-Dienoate 2 bilden bei und unterhalb Raumtemperatur Cycloaddukte, die durch milde Hydrolyse mit verdünnter Säure in Derivate von 2-Cyclohexenon und 1,3-Cyclohexadienol übergeführt werden. Durch 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie wird die Struktur der cis/trans-disubstituierten Cyclohexenone 14 und 15 bestimmt. Das cis/trans-Verhältnis kann durch die Wahl der 2-Alkylidenimidazolidine 1 gesteuert werden. Besonders N-Phenyl-substituierte Derivate bilden stereoselektiv, aber nicht stereospezifisch, trans-Produkte 15. Die Ursache dieser Selektivität wird im Zusammenhang mit dem mehrstufigen Ablauf der Cycloaddition diskutiert. Abhängig von der Struktur der Edukte 1 und 2 beobachtet man neben Cycloadditionen auch Michaeladditionen und Säure-Base-Reaktionen.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 1905-1909 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Vinylcyclobutanes, conformational analysis of ; Wittig reaction ; Wittig-Horner reaction ; [2+2] Cycloaddition ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Methylen-1,3-dioxolane (1) and the methyl acrylates or crotonates 2 form [2+2] cycloadducts 3 which are reduced to give alcohols 6. Oxidation of these alcohols at low temperatures leads to unstable aldehydes 7, which either rearrange to dihydropyrans 5 or react with Wittig(-Horner) reagents to afford donor-acceptor-substituted vinylcyclobutanes 8. The cis-vinylcyclobutane 8g is prepared by [2+2] cycloaddition of dioxolane 1 and methyl (2E,4Z)-hexadienoate (9). The configurations and preferred conformations of the vinylcyclobutanes 8 have unequivocally been assigned on the basis of 13C-and 1H-NMR spectra.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 39-49 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Multi-Step Inverse Diels-Alder Reactions of 1,3-Dimethyl-2-methyleneimidazolidine with Methyl 2,4-Hexadienoates2-Methyleneimidazolidine 1 and hexadienoates 2 form diastereomeric cycloadducts 3a and b, which slowly rearrange to give 4 and 5, and Michael adducts 6,7, and 9. Evaluation of the kinetics by means of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and computer-as-sisted simulation shows that the cycloadducts 3 and the Michael adduct 6 are formed via a common intermediate. The difference in stereoselectivity in the reactions of the diastereomeric hexadienoates 2a, b, and c corroborates the multi-step mechanism of the cycloaddition. Deuterium labelling of 1 proofs interrelations between the loss of stereospecificity and the equilibrium of the starting materials 1 and 2 with 6. Chiral dienophiles like 15 react stereospecifically with 2a and b. The nature of the intermediate and the mechanism of its rearrangement of the cycloadducts are discussed in terms of energetics and stereochemistry.
    Notes: Das 2-Methylenimidazolidin 1 reagiert mit Hexadienoaten 2 zu den diastereomeren Cycloaddukten 3a und b, die sich langsam in 4 und 5 umlagern, und zu den Michaeladdukten 6,7 und 9. Durch Auswertung der Kinetik mit Hilfe von 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie und computergestützter Simulation wird gezeigt, daß die Cycloaddukte 3 und das Michaeladdukt 6 über eine gemeinsame Zwischenstufe entstehen. Die unterschiedliche Stereoselektivität bei der Reaktion der diastereomeren Hexadienoate 2a, b und c bestätigt den mehrstufigen Verlauf der Cycloaddition. Deuteriummarkierung von 1 belegt einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Verlust an Stereospezifität und dem Sackgassengleichgewicht der Edukte 1 und 2 mit dem Michaeladdukt 6. Chirale Dienophile wie 15 reagieren stereospezifisch mit 2a und b. Die Natur der Zwischenstufe und der Mechanismus ihrer Umlagerung zu den Cycloaddukten wird unter energetischen und stereochemischen Gesichtspunkten diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 1911-1926 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclohexenes, conformational analysis of ; [2+2] Cycloreversion ; Kinetics, solvent effects on ; Zwitterions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Donor-acceptor-substituted vinylcyclobutanes 1 rearrange to cyclohexenes 2 at temperatures between 20 and 195°C. In solvents of low polarity, [2+2] cycloreversion competes with ring enlargement. Under acidic conditions, addition of nucleophiles to vinylcyclobutanes 1 with ring opening is observed. Stereospecificity of rearrangement and [2+2] cycloreversion are functions of temperature, solvent polarity and acid catalysis. Strong dependence on solvent polarity is found for the rates of both reactions. The mechanisms of the thermally induced and acid-catalyzed reactions are discussed on the basis of stereospecificity, kinetic parameters and trapping of intermediates. Two structurally different zwitterions 13 and 14 are proposed as intermediates, one of which is responsible for rearrangement, the other for diastereomerization and [2+2] cycloreversion.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 901-909 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: tert-Butylphosphinidene Oxide and (Z)-2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-hexene via Stereospecific Thermal [2+1]-Cycloelimination from r-1,t-2,t-3-Tri-tert-butylphosphirane 1-OxideA review suggests that the existence of alkylphosphinidene oxides 2, R = alkyl, is still doubtful. In inert solvents above 50-60°C the tri-tert-butylphosphirane oxide 9 decomposed stereospecifically into (Z)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-hexene ((Z)-10) and tert-butylphosphinidene oxide (2e). The latter polymerized to the polymetaphosphonite 12, which reacted with water and methanol to yield tert-butylphosphinic acid (13a) and methyl tert-butylphosphinate (13b), respectively. The same products arose quantitatively on thermolysis of 9 at 60-80°C in benzene in the presence of water and in methanol, respectively. In trifluoroacetic acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid the corresponding mixed tert-butylphosphinic anhydrides 13c and 13d were formed in addition to secondary products of (Z)-10. Phosphinidene oxide 2e could be trapped by o-quinones as 1,3,2-dioxaphosphole 2-oxides via [4+1]-cycloaddition. Thus, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (14) produced an 80% yield of 15 and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone (18) furnished quantitatively 20.
    Notes: Ein Überblick zeigt, daß die Existenz von Alkylphosphinidenoxiden 2, R = Alkyl, noch nicht als gesichert gelten kann. Das Tri-tert-butylphosphiranoxid 9 zerfiel in inerten Lösungsmitteln ab 50-60°C stereospezifisch in (Z)-2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-hexen ((Z)-10) und tert-Butylphosphinidenoxid (2e). Dieses polymerisierte zu dem Polymetaphosphonit 12, das mit Wasser und Methanol tert-Butylphosphinsäure (13a) bzw. tert-Butylphosphinsäure-methylester (13b) bildete. Die gleichen Produkte entstanden quantitativ neben (Z)-10 bei 60-80°C aus 9 in Benzol mit Wasser bzw. in Methanol. In Trifluoressigsäure und Trifluormethansulfonsäure bildeten sich die entsprechenden gemischten tert-Butylphosphinsäure-anhydride 13c bzw. 13d und Folgeprodukte von (Z)-10. Durch [4+1]-Cycloaddition an o-Chinone konnte 2e als 1,3,2-Dioxaphosphol-2-oxid abgefangen werden. So gab 9,10-Phenanthrenchinon (14) 80% 15 und 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzochinon (18) quantitativ 20.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 3384-3401 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Three-membered Ring Heterocycles, 14. α-Halogenation of Tertiary Phosphane OxidesThe symmetrically substituted tertiary phosphane oxides 5 were obtained from the phosphorus halides 4 and 6 using organometallic reagents. Dibenzylphenylphosphane oxide (5c) reacted with bromine at 150°C to give all three possible diastereomeric α,α′-dibromophosphane oxides, e.g. (R,R/S,S)-2c, (r)-2c, and (s)-2c, and one α-bromophosphane oxide 8. The phosphane oxides 5a,b,d were lithiated once or twice in the α-positions by means of butyllithium. The α,α′-dilithiophosphane oxides [Li2]-5 reacted with tetrachloromethane below -80°C to yield the α-chlorophosphane oxides 1c-e whose diastereomeric ratios were controlled kinetically. The thermodynamically controlled ratios were adjusted with bases. While the α-lithiated dineopentylphosphane oxides [Li]-5a and [Li]-5d also afforded the α-chlorophosphane oxides 1c and 1d, respectively, with an excess of tetrachloromethane, the α,α-dichlorophosphane oxide 9 was formed from the α-lithiodibenzylphosphane oxide [Li]-5b. This difference is attributed to the acidity of the α-protons and steric factors. The configurations and preferred conformations of the α,α′-dibromophosphane oxides 2c and the α-chlorophosphane oxides 1c-e were determined on the basis of the 1H-31P coupling of the methine protons.
    Notes: Die symmetrisch substituierten tertiären Phosphanoxide 5 wurden aus den Phosphorhalogeniden 4 sowie 6 und metallorganischen Reagenzien erhalten. Dibenzylphenylphosphanoxid (5c) reagierte mit Brom bei 150°C zu den drei möglichen diastereomeren α,α′-Dibromphosphanoxiden (R,R/S,S)-2c, (r)-2c und (s)-2c und einem α-Bromphosphanoxid 8. Die Phosphanoxide 5a,b,d ließen sich durch Butyllithium in den α-Stellungen einfach oder doppelt lithiieren. Die α,α′-dilithiierten Phosphanoxide [Li2]-5 reagierten mit Tetrachlormethan unterhalb -80°C zu den α-Chlorphosphanoxiden 1c-e, deren Diastereomerenverhältnis kinetisch kontrolliert war. Mit Basen wurde das thermodynamische Diastereomerenverhältnis eingestellt. Während die α-lithiierten Dineopentylphosphanoxide [Li]-5a und [Li]-5d mit überschüssigem Tetrachlormethan ebenfalls 1c bzw. 1d bildeten, entstand aus dem α-Lithiodibenzylphosphanoxid [Li]-5b das α,α-Dichlorphosphanoxid 9. Dieser Unterschied wird auf die Acidität der α-Protonen und auf sterische Faktoren zurückgeführt. Die Konfiguration und Vorzugskonformation der α,α′-Dibromphosphanoxide 2c und der α-Chlorphosphanoxide 1c-e wurde anhand der 1H-31P-Kopplung der Methinprotonen bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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