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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone and renal function (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 3 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been recognized to be beneficial for improving growth retardation in uraemic children. the potential effect of growth hormone (GH) on renal haemodynamics results in an increase in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. However, in GH transgenic mice and uraemic rats treated with GH, GH has been reported to aggravate glomerular sclerosis and induce deterioration in renal function. Therefore, the potential of adverse effect of GH on deterioration in renal function has been of concern in uraemic children receiving rhGH. Growth hormone enhances protein anabolism and promotes a positive nitrogen balance. It is more likely that the anabolic effect of GH used at the conventional dose may reduce renal solute load and slow the progression of end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in rhGH-treated uraemic children. A low protein diet with adequate calories slows the deterioration of renal function in uraemic patients. the effects of GH on growth promotion, renal haemodynamics and protein anabolism are mainly mediated by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Insulinlike growth factor-I enhances glomerular filtration rate and promotes glomerular hypertrophy, but IGF-I administration is unlikely to give rise to glomerular sclerosis. the efficacy and the safety of concomitant therapy of recombinant GH or IGF-I and low protein diet should therefore be considered in uraemic children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.1997.tb00248.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune status of children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 6 (1992), S. 179-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Immunity ; Chronic renal failure ; Vaccination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunological parameters including serum IgG, IgA and IgM, lymphocyte phenotypes (CD3, CD4, CD8, HLA-DR+CD3-), natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte proliferation with phytohaemagglutinin were assessed in 10 children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 10 control subjects. Live vaccines were injected into 6 of the 10 children on CAPD (4 had a combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the other 2 mumps vaccine). Serum antibody titres to these viruses were measured before and after vaccination. The serum IgG level was statistically lower in the CAPD group than in the control group (P〈0.01), but there was no difference in the percentage of HLA-DR+CD3-cells and in the ratio of CD4 to CD8 between the two groups. There were no differences in the other parameters between the two groups. All of the 6 vaccinated children seroconverted, and serious side effects were not noted. Our results suggest that children on CAPD have no significant immune impairment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00866308
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptomatic isolated microhaematuria: natural history of 136 children (1991)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 5 (1991), S. 578-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Urine screening ; Asymptomatic haematuria ; Isolated haematuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a mass screening programme, 251 children with isolated microhaematuria were detected. Of these 251 children, 115 were excluded from the study because of microhaematuria, secondary to a specific cause. The remaining 136 children were diagnosed as having asymptomatic isolated microhaematuria (ASH). Of these 136 children, 23 had evidence of urinary abnormalities in their family members. Red blood cell casts were evident in 31 children at their initial visit or during the follow-up period. Ten children had one or more episodes of macrohaematuria during the study. Renal biopsy was performed in 19 children because of indications of glomerular discase, and 13 of these 19 children had mild to moderate glomerulonephritis. None of these 136 children developed hypertension or renal impairment after a mean period of 7.4 years (range 6–13 years). Thirty-five children had normal urinary findings within 6 years of their initial visit, and 100 have had persistent microhaematuria, without proteinuria throughout the follow-up period. The other child had microhaematuria with proteinuria greater than 1 g/m2 per day at the end of the study. This study suggests that the prognosis of ASH is good and that renal biopsy is not indicated for children with ASH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00856642
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapeutics of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (1993)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 7 (1993), S. 744-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets ; Nephrocalcinosis ; Hypercalciuria ; Pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract X-linked hypophosphatemia, the most common form of familial rickets, is conventionally treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (5–50 ng/kg per day) plus phosphate supplementation (70–100 mg/kg per day). However, nephrocalcinosis is noted in many children treated with this therapy. Whether to treat or not and whether such treatment should be continued into adulthood or in pregnancy are unsettled questions. This article reviews these controversies and provides current recommendations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213343
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitamin E suppresses oxidative stress and glomerulosclerosis in rat remnant kidney (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 13 (1999), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Vitamin E ; 5/6 Nephrectomy rats ; Oxidative stress ; Malondialdehyde ; Transforming growth factor β ; Glomerulosclerotic index ; Remnant kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Previous studies have shown that reduction of renal mass in the rat remnant kidney model induces overproduction of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). We investigated whether an antioxidant, vitamin E, administered before the renal mass reduction, could prevent oxidative stress, reduce the overproduction of TGFβ1, and mitigate against the subsequent glomerulosclerosis. Our results revealed that the oxidative stress, as measured by the change in plasma malondialdehyde, is significantly reduced by prior vitamin E dietary supplementation. Finally, our data show that dietary vitamin E supplementation ameliorates the rise in TGFβ1 secondary to renal mass reduction and inhibits the glomerular sclerosis of the remnant kidney over the time course of this experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050591
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of asymptomatic and symptomatic childhood glomerulonephritis progressing to renal failure: a report of Kyushu Pediatric Nephrology Study Group (1994)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 8 (1994), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Urine screening ; Haematuria ; Proteinuria ; Glomerulonephritis ; Renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the clinicopathological features and the outcome of 33 children with primary glomerulonephritis (GN) as the cause of renal failure; 17 had asymptomatic (ASP) haematuria and/or proteinuria and the remaining 16 had symptoms suggestive of GN. The renal histology in the ASP group indicated IgA GN in 6 children, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) in 4, diffuse proliferative GN (DPGN) in 3, membranous GN (MGN) in 1, membranoproliferative GN (MPGN) in 1 and diffuse sclerosing GN in 2. In the symptomatic (SYP) group, FSGS was evident in 9 children, DPGN in 3, MGN in 2, IgA GN in 1 and MPGN in 1. There was no difference in the histological severity between the two groups. Fourteen children in the SYP group had nephrotic syndrome (NS) and/or hypertension at their initial visits. Only 4 children in the ASP group showed NS or hypertension during the period of follow-up. Eleven children in the ASP group and all in the SYP group were treated with immunosuppressive and/or antihypertensive drugs, but these did not improve the prognosis of the ASP children compared with those in the SYP group. There was no significant difference in the mean duration between the onset of the disease and the start of dialysis in these two groups. In conclusion, it is questionable whether the urinary mass screening programme in Japan will alter the outcome of children with GN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00856520
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptomatic haematuria and proteinuria: Renal pathology and clinical outcome in 54 children (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 3 (1989), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Haematuria ; Proteinuria ; Glomerulonephritis ; Renal failure ; Epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a mass screening programme, 54 children with haematuria and proteinuria were detected and evaluated by clinical findings and renal histology. IgA glomerulonephritis (GN) occurred in 29 patients, diffuse mesangial proliferative GN (DPGN) in 16, membranous GN (MGN) in 4, membranoproliferative GN (MPGN) in 3, and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) was seen in 2. Of the 35 children with proteinuria less than or equal to 1 g/m2 per day, 21 with IgA GN and 14 with DPGN had only mild to moderate glomerular changes. None of these children had developed renal impairment after a mean period of 6.5 years (range 5–10 years). On the other hand, 8 children with IgA GN, 2 with DPGN, 4 with MGN, 3 with MPGN, and 2 with FSGS had proteinuria that exceeded 1 g/m2 per day. The biopsy specimens from these children showed moderate to severe glomerular changes, and 7 of these children had hypertension or renal impairment during the period of evaluation. This study suggests that a poor outcome correlates with the level of proteinuria and the severity of renal pathology in children with haematuria and proteinuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00858520
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone resistance in uremia (1997)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental nephrology 1 (1997), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: uremia ; growth failure ; growth hormone ; growth hormone resistance ; insulin-like ; growth factor I ; growth hormone receptor mRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Growth retardation is a major complication in children with uremia. Protein restriction, calorie deficit, metabolic acidosis, renal osteodystrophy, and endocrinologic disturbances contribute to the growth failure. The effect of these factors on growth retardation can be attenuated in part by therapy with vitamin D metabolites, adequate nutrition, alkalization, and dialysis. Linear growth in children with uremia is markedly retarded despite normal or increased levels of circulating serum growth hormone. An increased growth hormone level in children with uremia is due to normal growth hormone secretion from the pituitary gland and impaired growth hormone clearance in the kidney. However, the elevated growth hormone level does not lead to a commensurate rise in serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I); the serum IGF-I level is decreased or normal in relation to the degree of renal failure. This discrepancy suggests growth hormone resistance in the liver in uremia. Recent molecular techniques open a new era in studying the gene expression for growth hormone or IGF-I. There is no doubt today that growth hormone treatment has the beneficial effect of growth promotion in children with uremia, which also suggests endogenous growth hormone resistance in target organs or target cells in uremia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02480693
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone aggravates glomerular sclerosis in the remnant kidney of 5/6 nephrectomized uremic rats (1997)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental nephrology 1 (1997), S. 92-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: growth hormone ; insulin-like growth factor-I ; glomerular hypertrophy ; glomerular sclerosis ; uremia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background Our study evaluated the influence of short-term growth hormone treatment on the remnant kidney in 5/6 nephrectomized uremic rats Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sham-operated control rats (SC, n=4); sham-operated rats treated with recombinant human growth hormone (SGH, n=4); uremic (5/6 nephrectomized) control rats (UrC, n=6); and uremic rats treated with recombinant human growth hormone (UrGH, n=6). Total food intake, food efficiency, average daily food intake per 100 g body weight, weight gain, increase in body length, creatinine clearance, and kidney weight per 100 g body weight were measured. Glomerular tuft area was determined, and the severity of glomerular sclerosis was scored. Insulin-like growth factor-I was localized in the kidneys by immunostaining. Results Weight gain, increase in body length, food efficiency, and food intake per unit body weight were greatest in the SGH group; in UrGH animals, food efficiency and food intake per unit body weight were significantly higher than those in UrC rats. Creatinine clearance in uremic rats was significantly reduced compared with that in sham-operated animals. There was no difference in the ratio of kidney weight to body weight among the groups. The average glomerular area was greatest, and the glomerular sclerosis index was highest, in the UrGH group. No insulin-like growth factor-I could be identified in the glomeruli. Conclusions Growth-hormone treatment augmented daily food intake, and the more rapid progression to glomerular sclerosis in hormone-treated uremic rats is probably due mainly to increased daily protein intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02479907
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