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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and characterization of a mouse monoclonal antibody (M10) directed against canine (dog) CD8^+ lymphocytes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 38 (1993), S. 311-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-2427
    Keywords: [abr] CML; cell mediated lysis ; [abr] DAB; diaminobenzidine ; [abr] MLC; mixed lymphocyte culture ; [abr] MNC; mononuclear cells ; [abr] NADC; non-adherent cells ; [abr] PWM; pokeweed mitogen ; [abr] RCLB; red-cell-lysis buffer ; [abr] SRBC; sheep red blood cells ; [abr] mAb; monoclonal antibody
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(93)90090-Q
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vivo Depletion of Chicken T-Cell Subsets (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 38 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the chicken three types of T-cell receptors can be defined by monoclonal antibodies TCR1, TCR2 and TCR3, which recognize γδ T cells, and Vβ1- and Vβ2-expressing αβ T cells, respectively. In the present report we have analysed means of selectively depleting the γδ T cells and the Vβ1 +αβ T cells.γδ cells, which represent up to 66% of all T cells in blood of a 6-month-old chicken, can be effectively depleted by neonatal thymectomy (Tx) to levels as low as 1%. Immunohistology demonstrates a similar depletion in lymphoid organs while intestinal epithelium-associated γδ T cells are affected by Tx to a lesser extent.Vβ1-bearing αβ T cells, which comprise about 80% of the αβ T cells, were depleted by embryonic and neonatal injection of the TCR2 antibody. In the thymus such treatment depleted only the Vβ1 +αβ T cells with high density expression of T-cell receptor. Therefore, we thymectomized TCR2-treated animals in order to prevent development of mature Vβ1+αβ T cells from the low density immature thymocytes. Treatment of chickens with a total of 22 mg of TCR2 antibody plus Tx reduced Vβ+αβ T cells from an average of 65% to 10% of all T cells. In these TCR2 antibody-treated animals the Vβ2-expressing αβ T cells become the predominant type of T cell (average 85%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01702.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct in vivo biotinylation of erythrocytes as an assay for red cell survival studies (1991)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 63 (1991), S. 214-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Biotin labeling ; Red cell survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Direct in vivo labeling of erythrocytes with biotin is shown as a method for estimation of red cell survival as well as of enrichment of young or aged erythrocytes. Two succinimide esters (biotin-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester [BNHS], caproylamidobiotin-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester [C-BNHS] were used for biotin labeling of erythrocytes. With improved syntheses, pure BNHS (mp, 212°–214° C) and the spacered intermediate for C-BNHS, 6-(biotinylamide) hexanoate (mp, 225°–226° C) were obtained in an overall yield of 86%; the yield of C-BNHS (mp, 167°–169° C) was 68%. When three doses of 1 mg C-BNHS are injected intravenously into mice at 24-h intervals, all the red cells are biotin labeled. The rate of red cell production as well as the life span of red cells can be measured without any effect on erythropoiesis or damage by red cells in vitro. The survival curve seems to be linear, with 2.5%–3.3% disappearance of biotin-labeled red cells daily. In mice, in vivo biotin labeling avoids damaging red cells by in vitro procedures and does not influence the steady state of erythropoiesis by hypertransfusion. Therefore, in vivo biotin labeling is a very useful method for determining red cell survival time in small animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01703446
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preclinical evaluation of biotin labeling for red cell survival testing (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 74 (1997), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Red cell survival ; Biotinylated red cells ; Biotin labeled erythrocytes ; Dog red cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Biotin labeling of red cells was tested in dogs as a preclinical study for cell survival. Red cells were labeled with either spacered Biotin-X-NHS (BxNHS) or water-soluble biotin compounds. After reinfusion, biotinylated red cells were detected in small blood samples (5 μl) with flow cytometry. Improved BxNHS labeling allows an easy detection of positive red cells for almost 100 days, whereas labeling with watersoluble compounds – despite strong labeling during the first days – results in a decrease of label, which prevented a discrimation between labeled and negative cells after about 4 weeks. When biotin labeling of red cells was compared with 51Cr labeling, slopes of red cell survival were quite similar after the latter were corrected for elution. Survival slopes were linear, and the mean survival time was t=93d. In two blood-donor dogs the slopes of red cell survival where log linear and the mean survival time was t=45d. In conclusion, BxNHS, but not the water-soluble biotin compounds, is a good nonradioactive, nontoxic alternative for red cell survival studies. No health hazards are to be expected from the very low dose of Dimethylformamide, which is used as a solvent for biotin-x-NHS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050290
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibodies against T-cell antigens studied by immunohistochemistry (1982)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 44 (1982), S. 275-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies ; T-cell antigens ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifteen monoclonal antibodies against different T-cell antigens were studied by immunohistochemistry in thymus, fetal thymus, fetal liver, palatine tonsils, and a few T-cell lymphomas. OKT 9 was identified as reacting with hemopoietic stem or precursor cells in fetal liver as well as with early B-determined lymphocytes in tonsillar germinal centres. OKT 10 labelled lymphocytes in thymus and surprisingly also the cytoplasm of some tonsillar cells with plasma-cell like appearance. OKT 6 and MAS 036 b reacted only with thymic cells. OKT 4, OKT 5, OKT 8, 8–11, labelled thymic cells- and portions of interfollicular cells in tonsils. OKT 3, NEI 016, NEI 015, and T 28 stained a majority of thymic cells and of tonsillar interfollicular lymphocytes. IFH-M 203, NEI 012 and 4–11 were positive with the majority of T-lymphocytes in tonsils but labelled only a few thymic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320702
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined prophylactic suppression of graft-versus-host and host-versus-graft reactions following treatment of prospective bone marrow recipients with rat IgG2b anti-mouse T cell antibodies (1986)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 52 (1986), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies ; Graft-versus-host reaction ; Host-versus-graft reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new approach to avoid typical complications from bone marrow transplantation into MHC different mice was studied. Rat monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibodies of the IgG2b isotype were identified, which inhibit T lymphocytes in vivo so that transplanted donor T cells as well as residual T cells of the conditioned marrow recipient were suppressed. A single injection of these antibodies after irradiation and before marrow transplantation did not only prevent graft-versus-host mortality but suppressed also host-versus-graft reactivity so that the radiation dose necessary for engraftment of donor cells differing in H-2, IA (both haplotypes) major histocompatibility antigens could be reduced to 6.0 Gy. In addition an anti-T leukemic cell effect from the injected monoclonal T cell antibodies was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321086
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotin labeling as an alternative nonradioactive approach to determination of red cell survival (1993)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 67 (1993), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Red cell survival ; Biotin labeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biotin labeling of red cells was studied using different approaches to see if biotinylation is a useful label for determination of erythrocyte survival. Mouse red cells were labeled with biotin, either in vivo by injection or in vitro. In vivo labeled red cells were followed up in some mice without transfusing the labeled erythrocytes. Furthermore, in vivo labeled as well as in vitro labeled red cells were transfused into syngeneic mice. The biotin label allows an easy discrimination between labeled and unlabeled red cells during FACS analysis, and it is relatively stable for at least 50 days. All the three different approaches give similar results. Mean red cell life spans of in vivo or in vitro labeled red cells either transfused or followed up in vivo were between 44 and 52 days (T50 mean 23.9 days) when red cell destruction was assumed to be only a result of senescence. Mean red cell life spans were between 8 and 18 days (T50 mean 9.5 days) when a random destruction independent of red cell age was suggested. All the survival slopes are neither simple linear functions of time nor logarithmic functions, but they show an overlay of linear function by a logarithmic function where the components of both are unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01788131
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postembryonale Entwicklung und Involution der Bursa Fabricii beim Haushuhn (Gallus domesticus) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 406-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bursa Fabricii ; Involution ; Post-hatching development ; Lymphatic organ ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Bursae Fabricii von Hühnern im Alter von 1 Tag bis zu 1 Jahr werden histologisch untersucht. Dabei sind nach dem histologischen Bild Postembryonal-, Ausreifungs-, Reife-, frühes und spätes Involutions- sowie Reliktstadium zu unterscheiden. Postembryonal-, Ausreifungs- und Reifestadium weichen im wesentlichen hinsichtlich Gesamtgröße, Follikelgröße und Zellzusammensetzung voneinander ab. Die Involution kann im Alter von 14 Wochen bis 5 Monaten beginnen. Während der Involution verschmelzen die Bursafalten, das Lumen verschwindet. Die Bursafollikel verlieren an der Lumenseite zunächst die Rinde, dann das Mark. Die Restfollikel lagern sich zusammen und werden nekrotisch, ein Teil bildet Zysten. Als Reliktstadien finden sich bis zum Alter von 1 Jahr fibrotische, muskel- und gefäßreiche Gebilde, die Bursafollikel, Keimzentren oder Lymphozytenhäufchen enthalten.
    Notes: Summary Bursae Fabricii were histologically examined in chickens 1 day to 1 year old. They were divided into 6 stages based on their histological appearance: the post-hatching, maturation, maturity, early involution, late involution, and residual stages. The post-hatching, maturation, and maturity stages differ with regard to bursal size, follicle size, and cellular composition. Involution may begin at 14 weeks to five months of age. During the course of involution, the bursal plicae grow together and the bursal cavity disappears. Near the luminal surface epithelium, the bursal follicles at first lose their cortex and then later their medulla. The remnant follicles join and undergo regressive and cystic changes. Residual stages are present up to 1 year of age; they are composed of fibrous connective tissue with smooth muscle and blood vessels and contain single bursal follicles, germinal centers, or lymphatic nodules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00355039
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histologische Untersuchungen an lymphatischen Organen des Huhnes (Gallus domesticus) während des ersten Lebensjahres (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 45-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chicken ; Bursa Fabricii ; Thymus ; Spleen ; Tonsilla caecalis ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bursa Fabricii, Thymus, Milz und Zäkaltonsillen von 63 Hühnern im Alter von 1 Tag bis zu 1 Jahr werden histologisch untersucht, wobei das Vorkommen der als bursaabhängig geltenden Keimzentren und Plasmazellen quantitativ erfaßt wird. Beide treten in der Milz und Tonsilla caecalis erst während des Reifestadiums der Bursa in zunehmender Menge auf. Mit Beginn der Bursainvolution werden Keimzentren und pyroninophile Zellen in der Milz selten, während in den Zäkaltonsillen kaum Veränderungen auftreten. Im Thymus verschiebt sich das Verhältnis zwischen Mark- und Rindenbreite zugunsten des Marks. Bei 8 Monate alten Tieren fehlt die Rinde vollständig. Plasmazellen treten im Thymusmark während des Reifestadiums der Bursa auf und nehmen mit dem Beginn deren Involution zu. In dem Zeitraum zwischen 2 Wochen und 5 Monaten ändert sich das Verhältnis zwischen reifen und unreifen Plasmazellen beständig zugunsten der reifen Plasmazellen.
    Notes: Summary Bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and cecal tonsils were histologically examined with special reference to the number of bursa-dependent germinal centers and plasma cells in 63 chickens, 1 day to 1 year old. Both structures appear in spleen and cecal tonsils increasingly during the bursal maturity stage. At the beginning bursal involution, germinal centers and pyroninophilic cells become rare in the spleen, in contrary no changes appear in the cecal tonsils. The medulla cortex ratio of the thymus changes in favour of the medulla, in animals 8 months of age the cortex is absent. Plasma cells appear in the medulla of the thymus during the bursal maturity stage and increase in number with beginning involution. During the period of 2 weeks to 5 months the proportion between mature and immature plasma cells changes in favour of mature cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307679
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical identification of T- and B-lymphocytes delineated by the unlabelled antibody enzyme method (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 361-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Human tonsil ; T-lymphocytes ; B-lymphocytes ; Quantitative morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are identified in tissue sections of human tonsils by applying the unlabelled antibody enzyme method. The epithelium of the tonsils contains a majority of immunoglobulin-positive cells and fewer T-lymphocytes. In the subepithelial zones, areas composed of B-cells predominate, however, regions containing T-lymphocytes are also present. The latter are mainly arranged in the lamina propria around high-endothelial venules and often include plasma cells containing immunoglobulin. Follicles containing germinal centres display a complex structure which changes during development. The lymphocytic cap consists of densely packed lymphocytes, labelled heavily by anti-IgM and anti-IGD, and of individual T-lymphocytes. Germinal centres show a framework of immunoglobulin-positive dendritic reticular cells; they contain some heavily labelled lymphoid cells and several cells weakly labelled by anti-IgM and anti-IgA, as well as a small number of T-lymphocytes. Furthermore, the total areas of T- and B-lymphocytes measured by planimetry may differ considerably between different tonsils. Especially total areas of germinal centres vary to a great extent. The quantitative data on amounts of T- and B-cells achieved by planimetry are comparable to those reported in cellular suspensions of tonsils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233625
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