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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibodies against Vibrio salmonicida: the causative agent of coldwater vibriosis (‘Hitra disease’) in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 11 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Monoclonal antibodies (Mab) directed against Vibrio salmonicida were produced and partially characterized. The bacterium is the causative agent of ‘Hitra disease’ or cotdwater vibriosis (CV) and differs from all other Vibrio bacteria tested so far with respect to a unique surface antigen (VS-P1). Thirteen hybridoma clones produced antibodies which exclusively reacted with this antigen in ELISA. The remaining four clones reacted against undefined determinants and were partly cross-reactive to V. anguiilarum, V. ordalii and V. fischeri. Fifteen Mab were of IgG1/kappa and two of the IgG3/kappa isotypes. Eleven of the IgG1 plus the two IgG3 Mab reacted with the VS-P1 molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1988.tb00541.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of morphological changes in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during the development of cold water vibriosis (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 11 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The structural changes which occur in the heart, the lateral muscle and the large intestine during the development of cold water vibriosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., have been studied by light and electron microscopy. The results strongly suggest a causative relationship between the presence of the fish pathogen, Vibrio salmonicida, and the observed pathological changes. Cell damage was invariably accompanied by the presence of the bacterium. A close relationship was found between the number of bacteria detected in the tissues and the degree of morphological damage. The most severe cell damage was found in areas with a rich blood supply. The earliest sign of damage was detected in the cell coat and cell membrane on the luminal side of the endothelial cells of the capillaries. Later in the development, the bacteria were also found intracellularly in endothelial cells. In moribund fish, the cells in the vicinity of the capillaries were also severely damaged. Bacteria appeared intracellularly in leucocytes even in early stages of the disease. This caused more severe damage to leucocytes compared to erythrocytes, which seldom contained bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1988.tb00518.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic and immunochemical analysis of surface antigens of the fish pathogens Vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Outer membranes and lipopolysaccharides of the marine fish pathogens Vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum were isolated. SDS-PAGE profiles of purified LPS preparations from V. salmonicida revealed a broad low molecular weight band, whereas V. anguillarum LPS profiles demonstrated both a low-molecular band and several weaker high-molecular weight bands. Hydrolysis of V, salmonicida and V. anguillarum LPS separating the polysaccharide chain from the lipid A part and subsequent gel-chromatography suggests a polysaccharide molecular weight of ca. 1000 (‘rough type’ LPS) and ca. 6000 ('smooth type’ LPS), respectively. Western blot of V. salmonicida outer membrane preparations and purified lipopolysaccharides and subsequent immunostaining with mouse monoclonal antibodies was performed. Eleven out of 15 monoclonal antibodies made against V. salmonicida cells reacted with one broad antigen-band in the low molecular weight region of both outer membrane and LPS profiles, corresponding to the LPS region. The previously reported outer surface antigen, VS-P1 from V. salmonicida, was observed to carry LPS epitopes as revealed by binding of monoclonal antibodies to VS-P1 as well as purified LPS preparations. These results strongly suggest that the VS-P1 antigen is a complex of both protein and LPS molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1990.tb00785.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA Virus Gene Expression and its Control (1972)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 26 (1972), S. 467-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.26.100172.002343
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humoral immune response in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., to cellular and extracellular antigens of Aeromonas salmonicida (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The putative virulence factors of Aeromonas salmonicida, the aetiological agent of furunculosis in salmonids, are candidates for protective antigens in effective vaeeines against furunculosis. In this report, the authors have compared the immunogenieily of eell-associated and extracellular antigens of A. salmonicida in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., to that in rabbit. The animals were immunized with formalin-killed whole cells and formalin-inactivated extracellular products (ECP), either separately or in combination. The ability of the antigens to induce antibody production was studied by elisa and Western blotting techniques. These results confirm previous reports that far more structures are immunogenie in rabbit compared to the antibody responses elicited in salmon. However, in both species, some antigens were dominant, including a caseinolytic protease in addition to the A-protein and high and low MW LPS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1991.tb00596.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A successful vaccination of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., against ‘Hitra disease’ or coldwater vibriosis (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A Vibrio sp. causing the so-called ‘Hitra disease’ or coldwater vibriosis affecting brood stock Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Norway, is described by serotyping. Bacteria collected from moribund Atlantic salmon affected by ‘Hitra disease’ in various parts of Norway, were shown to represent a homogeneous group of marine vibrio. A formalized bacterin was made from one isolate. Vaccination of Atlantic salmon parr was carried out by direct immersion in a formalized bacterin prepared from a Vibrio sp. associated with ‘Hitra-disease.’ After 6 weeks the fish were revaccinated and transferred to net pens in the sea. Compared with unvaccinated controls, vaccinated fish demonstrated excellent protection when challenged 6 months later during a natural outbreak of coldwater vibriosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1987.tb00723.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No effect of seasonal variation in training load on immuno-endocrine responses to acute exhaustive exercise (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: This study was designed to examine the relationship between seasonal changes in training and competition load, and changes in leukocyte subsets, stress hormones, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in response to a standardised bout of endurance exercise. In addition, changes in mood states were monitored. Ten male, international Nordic skiers, age 20–29, maximal oxygen uptake 70–82 ml  ·  kg−1  ·  min−1 performed the same incremental treadmill tests to exhaustion at the same time of day (±1 h), during the competitive season (in-season HI test) and the recovery season (off-season LO test). The subject filled out a training and competition log (TC score) for three weeks prior to each test and a 65-item Profile of Mood State (POMS) test on arrival at the laboratory. Venous blood for haematological, hormonal, and IL-6 analysis was drawn before and at 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after the test. TC score was more than twice as high during the competitive season (16.0±3.9) compared to the off-season period (7.0±4.4). An ANOVA procedure for repeated measures showed no difference in exercise induced changes in concentrations of neutrocytes, lymphocytes, epinephrine, ACTH or cortisol between the in-season HI and off-season LO tests; however, norepinephrine and the IL-6 concentrations were elevated at the in-season HI test compared to the off-season LO test. There were no significant differences in POMS global mood score or sub-scores between the in-season HI and the off-season LO tests. Thus, in a group of elite Nordic skiers, we conclude that a doubling of the training and competition load during the winter season does not alter the leukocyte and stress hormone responses to an incremental exercise test to exhaustion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4725.2001.110303.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of the laminin A and B chains in chimeric kidneys
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Differentiation 24 (1988), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-6039
    Keywords: Inductive tissue interaction ; Kidney differentiation ; Laminin ; Laminin chains
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0045-6039(88)90054-1
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cow's milk allergy: diagnostic accuracy of skin prick and patch tests and specific IgE (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of skin tests and the concentration of cow's milk-specific IgE antibodies in correlation with oral cow's milk challenge in infants with suspected cow's milk allergy. Methods: The study material comprised 143 infants under the age of 2 years who had undergone a diagnostic elimination challenge because of suspected cow's milk allergy in 1996. Cow's milk-specific IgE was measured, and skin prick and patch tests were performed. Results: Of the 143 oral cow's milk challenges performed, 72 (50%) were positive. Of the positive reactions, 22 involved immediate-type reactions. In 50 patients, delayed-onset reactions of eczematous or gastrointestinal type appeared. Of the infants with challenge-proven cow's milk allergy, 26% showed elevated IgE concentrations to cow's milk, 14% had a positive skin prick test, and 44% had a positive patch test for cow's milk. Interestingly, in most patch test-positive patients, the prick test for cow's milk was negative. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that many patients with a negative prick test result had a positive patch test to cow's milk. The patch test was a more sensitive method than the prick test or RAST to detect cow's milk allergy in this study population. Our results indicate that patch testing will significantly increase the probability of early detection of cow's milk allergy. Confirmation of the diagnosis is essential in patients with negative test results but a clinical suspicion of food allergy, and in patch test-positive patients. For this purpose, the most reliable method is the elimination-challenge procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00834.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wheat allergy: diagnostic accuracy of skin prick and patch tests and specific IgE (1999)
    Copenhagen : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Food allergy makes an important contribution to the pathogenesis of atopic eczema in infants. However, clinical data on cereal allergy are scanty. The objective was to study the relevance of patch testing, skin prick tests, and the concentration of wheat-specific IgE antibodies (CAP RAST) in correlation with oral wheat challenge in infants with suspected wheat allergy. In particular, we aimed to determine whether the patch test could increase the diagnostic accuracy in detecting wheat allergy. Methods: The study material comprised 39 infants under the age of 2 years. Of these patients, 36 were suffering from atopic eczema and three had only gastrointestinal symptoms. The patients were subjected to a double-blind, placebo-controlled or open wheat challenge. Wheat-specific IgE was measured by CAP RAST, and skin prick and patch tests were performed. Results: Of the total 39 wheat challenges, 22 (56%) were positive. Of the positive reactions, five involved immediate-type skin reactions over a period of 2 h from the commencement of the challenge. In 17 patients, delayed-onset reactions of eczematous or gastrointestinal type appeared. Of the infants with challenge-proven wheat allergy, 20% showed elevated IgE concentrations to wheat, 23% had a positive skin prick test, and 86% had a positive patch test for wheat. The specificities of CAP RAST, skin prick tests, and patch tests were 0.93, 1.00, and 0.35, respectively. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that patch testing with cereals will significantly increase the probability of early detection of cereal allergy in infants with atopic eczema and is helpful in the planning of successful elimination diets before challenge. The specificity of the patch test was lower than that of other tests. Therefore, confirmation of the diagnosis with the elimination-challenge test is essential in patients with positive patch test results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00081.x
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