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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Postoperative Übelkeit und Erbrechen ; Transdermales Scopolamin ; PONV ; PONV-Prophylaxe ; Antimedika ; Prämedikation ; Key words Postoperative nausea and vomiting ; Transdermal hyoscine (scopolamine) ; PONV ; Prevention of PONV ; Antiemetics ; Premedication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In a prospective double-blind trial, transdermal scopolamine (TS) was compared to placebo (P) in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) within a 48-h interval. After stratification for gender and surgical procedure, patients were randomly chosen to receive either TS or placebo. Methods. Of 304 surgical and gynaecologial patients included in this study, the data of 263 patients were evaluated (48 thyroidectomies, 15 open, and 36 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, 41 open, and 36 laparoscopic hernia repairs, 37 hysterectomies, and 50 gynaecological laparoscopies). The two groups were comparable with regard to biometrical data and duration of anaesthesia and surgery. Although anaesthesia was not standardized, there was no difference in anaesthesia techniques, drug dosage or perioperative management. Patients were evaluated once preoperatively and 2, 6, 10, 24, and 48 h postoperatively using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) for „nausea“, „pain“, „dry mouth“, „sedation“, and „blurred vision“. Episodes of vomiting or retching and the need for additional antimetics (0.03 mg·kg−1 metoclopramide i.v., followed by 1 mg·kg−1 dimenhydrinat i.v., if necessary) were recorded. Results. TS significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative vomiting within the first 48 h postoperatively [TS: 47 patients (36.2%) with 125 cumulative episodes vs P: 70 patients (52.6%) with 209 cumulative episodes]. Analysing the five observation intervals seperately, this difference could only be demonstrated 0–2 h and 6–10 h postoperatively. In patients suffering from emetic sequelae, TS did not reduce the frequency of vomiting significantly (mean frequency: TS: 2.7 vs P: 3.0). TS also had no significant effect on the requirement of additional antiemetics [TS: 81 times in 46 (35.7%) patients vs P: 116 times in 58 (44.3%) patients]. Nausea as rated by the VAS was not significantly different between the two groups at any time during the postoperative observation. No relevant side-effects occurred, although there was a trend toward higher ratings of “dry mouth” in the TS group, reaching statistical significance 10 h after operation. Conclusion. The routine administration of TS for gynaecological and surgical patients cannot be recommended because of the lack of effect on postoperative nausea and only marginal benefit concerning postoperative vomiting.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In dieser prospektiven, randomisierten und nach Geschlecht und OP-Art geschichteten Doppelblindstudie wurde der prophylaktische antiemetische Effekt von transdermalem Scopolamin (TS) im Vergleich zu Plazebo (P) an 304 Patienten untersucht. Transdermales Scopolamin verringerte in den ersten 48 h nach OP die Inzidenz von postoperativem Erbrechen signifikant von 52% (70 Patienten mit 209 emetischen Episoden) auf 36% (47 Patienten mit 125 emetischen Episoden). Dieser Effekt ist aber nur 0–2 h und 6–10 h postoperativ statistisch zu sichern. Wenn Erbrechen auftrat, hatte TS keinen Einfluß auf die Schwere des Erbrechens (TS: im Schnitt 2,7 emetische Episoden vs. P: 3,0 emetische Episoden). TS war zudem unwirksam bei der Prophylaxe postoperativer Übelkeit: zusätzliche Antiemetikagaben waren in beiden Gruppen bei annähernd gleich vielen Patienten erforderlich (TS: 46 (35,7%) Patienten mit 81 Gaben vs. P: 58 (44,3%) Patienten mit 116 Gaben). Auch die subjektiven Bewertungen der Übelkeit mittels einer visuellen Analogskala unterschieden sich zu keinem Zeitpunkt signifikant untereinander. Relevante Nebenwirkungen traten unter TS nicht auf. Allerdings zeigte sich ein deutlicher Trend zu einer stärkeren Mundtrockenheit, der zum 10 h-Zeitpunkt auch statistisch signifikant war. Eine routinemäßige Applikation von TS bei allgemeinchirurgischen und gynäkologischen Eingriffen ist wegen der fehlenden Wirkung auf die postoperative Übelkeit und des nur relativ geringfügigen Effekts auf das postoperative Erbrechen nicht empfehlenswert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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