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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecule mRNA in a rat forebrain reperfusion model (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 154-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Rat forebrain ; Reperfusion ; Cytokine ; Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ; Chemokine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cellular damage secondary to reperfusion following ischemic insult has been hypothetically attributed to an inflammatory cascade concerted by cell-to-cell interactions. While the role of several cytokines and adhesion molecules in reperfusion injury of the brain has been explored to a certain extent, their regulatory and temporary profiles remain unclear. We have addressed the temporal features of the induction of mRNA for proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and chemokines at an acute phase subsequent to reperfusion in rat forebrain. Semiquantitatively calibrated reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was employed to assess the relative expression of mRNA for intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, monocyte-chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The increase in mRNA from the basal levels after reperfusion followed one of two different patterns; an increase occurring as early as 1 h, or a slight increase continuing up to 24 h after reperfusion. The former pattern was seen for ICAM-1, IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1, and the latter for IL-6 and MIF. These results were consistent with the proinflammatory properties of the immediately induced cytokines, which may be involved in the initiation step of the inflammatory cascade, causing the secondary cellular responses and finally leading to further brain damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050596
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral hypoxia after hyperventilation causes “re-build-up” phenomenon and TIA in childhood moyamoya disease (1996)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 12 (1996), S. 448-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Moyamoya disease ; Re-build-up phenomenon ; Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Cerebral hypoxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Near-infrared spectros-copy was used to monitor the sequential changes in the cerebral oxygenation state during and after hyperventilation in two children with moyamoya disease. Hyperventilation induced the build-up phenomenon and a decrease in the concentration of oxy-hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) and total hemoglobin ([t-Hb]). The termination of hyperventilation was followed by partial recovery of [oxy-Hb] and [t-Hb]. Subsequently, however, [oxy-Hb] and [t-Hb] decreased again and cytochrome oxidase was reduced. These impairments of the cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism were closely associated with the re-build-up phenomenon on EEG and with transient ischemic attacks (TIA). The present study implies that cerebral hypoxia after hyperventilation is closely related to the re-build-up phenomenon and ischemic attacks in children with moyamoya disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261621
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional cerebral blood flow in pediatric moyamoya disease: age-dependent decline in specific regions (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 366-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Moyamoya disease ; Cerebral blood flow ; Aging ; Surgical treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirteen pediatric patients (ages 4–13 years) who underwent surgical treatment were examined regarding their rCBF in the preoperative periods. The postoperative rCBF was measured 39 times in these 13 patients. Thirteen healthy normal subjects (ages from 6 to 21 years) were also examined. The rCBF in the operculum and in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes was measured with 133Xe inhalation method and single photon emission computed tomography. In the parietal and occipital lobes, the preoperative rCBF had a negative and significant correlation with their ages, but not in the operculum or frontal lobe. However, subsequent to the surgical treatment, the rCBF increased significantly in the patients 5 years old or less, and then post-operative rCBF values had significant negative correlations with age in each region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050246
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical analysis of the p53 family members in human craniopharyngiomas (1993)
    Springer
    Brain tumor pathology 20 (1993), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1861-387X
    Keywords: Craniopharyngioma ; p53 ; p63 ; p73
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Craniopharyngiomas are intracranial tumors that usually arise in the site around the sella turcica. They are composed of distinctive sheets of epithelial cells showing adamantinomatous or squamous-papillary histologic type. Because little is known about the tumorigenesis of cranio-pharyngiomas, we retrieved samples from 15 tumor cases to investigate the functional significance of the p53 family of transcription factors, which are known to be expressed in various human epithelia. Immunohistochemical analysis of these cases demonstrated similar expression profiles of p53 family members in the two histologic types of the tumor; i.e., strong nuclear expression of p63 was observed in all cell layers, and moderate to intense nuclear expression of p73 was observed in the basal cell layers. In contrast to p63 and p73, the reactivity of an archetypal tumor suppressor, p53, was occasional and weak in the two histologic types. Because p63 was widely expressed in the tumors, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was conducted to elucidate which spliced variant of p63 was expressed. The results showed that †Np63, lacking a terminal transactivation domain of p63, was the dominant isoform. Together with the reported evidence that the †Np63 isoform is highly expressed in human squamous-cell carcinomas, these data suggest that the cellular architecture characteristic of the expression of p53 family members may be required for the histogenesis of craniopharyngiomas, where †Np63 has a possible role in maintaining proliferative activity of the tumor cells, like squamous-cell carcinomas in other tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02483450
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial occurrence of moyamoya disease (1994)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 10 (1994), S. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Moyamoya disease ; Magnetic resonance angiography ; Familial occurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors report four cases of familial occurrence of moyamoya disease. Although the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease is not clear, there is extensive evidence that this disease has a tendency to show multifactorial inheritance. Therefore, a screening test for those at high risk, i.e., who have a moyamoya patient among their blood relatives, is clinically important. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) successfully revealed abnormal findings specific to moyamoya disease in members of the four probands families. MRA is a powerful and noninvasive way of detecting individuals at high risk of developing moymoya disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303605
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional cerebral hemodynamics in childhood moyamoya disease (1995)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 584-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Moyamova disease ; Cerebral ischemia ; SPECT ; Bypass surgery ; Cerebral blood flow ; Acetazolamide ; Frontal lobe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and its reactivity to acetazolamide were analyzed in a series of 15 cases of childhood moyamoya disease, using the xenon-133 inhalation method and single photon emission CT (SPECT). Most of the patients had normal mean hemispheric cerebral blood flow (mCBF), comparable to that of age-matched healthy children. However, they had abnormal rCBF distribution and disturbed reactivity to acetazolamide in the territory of the internal carotid artery, especially in the frontal lobe. Surgical revascularization for the anterior circulation, which consisted of STA-MCA anastomosis and indirect synangiosis, dramatically improved theses cerebral hemodynamics in the anterior circulation, including the frontal lobe, and reactivity to acetazolamide in the whole brain. These results suggest that surgical revascularization for the anterior circulation should be carried out in order to improve cerebral hemodynamics as widely as possible, especially in the frontal lobe, and may improve cerebral perfusion reserve in the posterior circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300997
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral hemodynamics and “re-build-up” phenomenon on electroencephalogram in children with moyamoya disease (1995)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 214-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Acetazolamine ; Cerebral blood flow ; Electroencephalogram ; Moyamoya disease ; Re-build up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract “Re-build-up” phenomenon, induced by hyperventilation, is a characteristic finding on electroencephalogram (EEG) in children with moyamoya disease, and suggests close correlation with cerebral ischemic attack. Its mechanism, however, remains obscure. In this study, we examined the relationship between the cerebral hemodynamics and this phenomenon before and after vascular reconstructive surgery. Regional cerebral blood flow and its reactivity to acetazolamide were analyzed using the xenon-133 inhalation method and single photon emission computed tomography in six children with moyamoya disease. These results were compared with the EEG. Regional vasoreactivity to acetazolamide was significantly lower in “re-build-up”-positive regions than in “re-build-up”-negative regions. Postoperative studies revealed a significant improvement of reactivity in the regions where the “re-build-up” phenomenon disappeared after surgery. These results suggest that the “re-build-up” phenomenon represents a focal reduction of the cerebral perfusion reserve in moyamoya disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277656
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