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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 173-184 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Gentamyzin-induzierte Kochleadegeneration ; Degenerationspunkt ; Vakuolisierung der Reissnerschen Membran ; Elektrokochleographie ; Gentamicin-induced cochlear degeneration ; Degeneration point ; Reissner's membrane vacuolization ; Skin-electrode-evoked response audiometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Gentamicin-induced cochlear degeneration in the guinea pig was studied by complete hair-cell counting (cytocochleograms) and phase-contrast and interference microscopical examination of the stria vascularis and Reissner's membrane. Gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day) was administered over a period of 7–17 days. The first loss of hair cells (OHC) occurred in a region 6–8 mm from the round window. From this ‘degeneration point’, the loss of haircells progressed towards the round window (fast) and the apex (slowly). The stria vascularis showed no signs of degeneration. Reissner's membrane, on the other hand, showed intracellular vacuolization of the endolymphatic cells over the complete length of the cochlea after 12 or more days' intoxication. Hearing loss was measured by electrocochleography with skin electrodes. The histologic findings were compared with the objective audiograms.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die durch Gentamyzin verursachte Degeneration in der Kochlea des Meerschweinchens wurde mit dem Zytokochleogramm sowie mit Phasenkontrast- und Interferrenzmikroskopie der Stria vascularis und der Reissnerschen Membran dargestellt. Der erste Haarzellenverlust wurde 6–8 mm vom runden Fenster entfernt festgestellt. Von diesem „Degenerationspunkt“ aus schreitet der Haarzellverlust rasch zum runden Fenster und langsam spitzenwärts fort. In der Stria vascularis war keine Degeneration zu erkennen, aber die Reissnersche Membran zeigte eine intrazelluläre Vakuolisierung der endolymphatischen Zellen. Der Hörverlust wurde mit der Elektrokochleographie bestimmt und mit den histologischen Befunden verglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Fall mit schwerer Nasenblutung, verursacht durch ein nichttraumatisches Aneurysma der infraklinoidalen Verlaufsstrecke der A. carotis interna, beschrieben und mit 6 Fällen der Literatur verglichen (5 bewiesene und ein wahrscheinlicher Fall). Die Symptomatologie dieser Aneurysmen ist nicht einheitlich und unterscheidet sich auch von den traumatischen Aneurysmen. Ein wesentlicher Hinweis scheint die Verkalkung der Aneurysmawand zu sein. Die Therapie der Wahl besteht in der Unterbindung der A. carotis interna unter EEG-Kontrolle, eventuell durch stufenweise Abklemmung, während der Patient sich bewegt. Im eigenen Fall zeigen die Röntgen-Kontrollaufnahmen und die Kontroll-Angiographie die gute kollaterale Blutversorgung sowie die Anwesenheit von Luft in dem früheren Aneurysma.
    Abstract: Résumé Un cas d'épistaxis grave dû à un anévrisme non traumatique de la partie sous-clinoïdienne de l'artère carótide interne, est présenté et comparé avec 6 cas publiés (5 cas prouvés et un cas probable), La Symptomatologie de ces anévrismes n'est pas uniforme et diffère de celle des anévrismes traumatiques. La calcification de la paroi anévrismale, apparaît comme un signe important. La thérapeutique de choix consiste à ligaturer l'artère carotide interne sous le point E. E. G., éventuellement en clampant graduellement pendant que le malade est mobilisé. Dans notre cas, la radiographie post-opératoire et l'analyse artériographique ont démontré l'apport de sang collatéral et la présence d'air dans ce qui avait été cet anévrysme.
    Notes: Summary A case of severe epistaxis from a non-traumatic aneurysm of the infraclinoid part of the internal carotid artery is presented and compared with 6 published cases (5 proven cases and one probable). The symptomatology of these aneurysms is not uniform and differs from the traumatic aneurysms. Calcification of the aneurysmal wall appears to be an important feature. The therapy of choice consists of ligation of the internal carotid artery under EEG check eventually preceded by gradual closure of a clamp while the patient is mobilized. In our case post-operative radiological and arteriographic analysis demonstrated the collateral blood-supply and the presence of air in the former aneurysm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 228 (1980), S. 113-121 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Gentamyzin-Ototoxizität ; Hörverlust ; Innenohrveränderungen ; Gentamicin ototoxicity ; Hearing loss ; Inner ear changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The long-term histological effects of gentamicin ototoxicity could be studied in a human being in relation to the audiometric impairment. The possible sequence of degeneration of hair cells, supporting cells, nerve fibers, stria vascularis, spiral ganglion cells, and vascular supply is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die histologischen Veränderungen an der menschlichen Kochlea nach acht Jahre zurückliegender hochdosierter Gentamyzin-Applikation bei an Taubheit grenzender Schwerhörigkeit, werden aufgezeigt. Folge der ototoxischen Wirkung von Gentamyzin ist zunächst eine Zerstörung der Sinneszellen im Cortischen Organ, denen eine solche der Stützzellen folgt. Dann verschwinden die Nervenfasern und die Zellen im Ganglion spirale und letztlich bleibt eine dünne Zellage auf der Basilarmembran. In der Stria vascularis sind dann bei Bildung von Zysten keine Gefäße mehr nachzuweisen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 248 (1990), S. 123-126 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Ciliary beat frequency ; Mucociliary clearance ; Nasal cycle ; Nasal resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is influenced by the nasal cycle. Nasal patency was assessed by active anterior rhinomanometry and immediately followed by measuring CBF in biopsies taken from the posterior aspect of the inferior turbinates in 22 healthy volunteers. CBF was determined in three different cells of each biopsy by means of a phase-contrast microscope and a photoelectrical cell. The signal was analyzed by a computed power spectrum. The frequency and its shift were calculated for a period of 20 s. The results were as follows: (1) no correlation was found between CBF and nasal patency; (2) CBF in one cell is constant to a high degree; (3) CBF of different cells in the same biopsy specimen varies considerably.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 248 (1991), S. 313-318 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Endolymphatic hydrops ; Organ of Corti ; Stereocilia ; Cross-linkage system ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the stereocilia and their cross-linkages in guinea pig cochleas 1, 2, 4 and 8 months after endolymphatic sac obliteration. Initial changes were restricted to the stereocilia of the outer hair cells and consisted of a disarrangement and bulging of the stereocilia with an interruption of their cross-linkage systems. Subsequently, the stereocilia became fused and atrophied. Cross-linkages of inner hair cells remained intact. Loss of both outer and inner hair cells started in the apex and progressed towards the base of the cochlea. These findings indicate that early changes in the micro-architecture of the stereocilia may have a mechanical origin, with pressure fluctuations in the scala media possibly playing an important role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Human endolymphatic duct and sac ; Intermediate filaments ; Cytokeratins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical detection of intermediate filament proteins and different subgroups of cytokeratins (Cks) was used to characterize the epithelium of the surgically removed adult human endolymphatic duct (ED) and sac (ES). The epithelium of the ED and ES demonstrated immunostaining for Cks 7, 8, 14, 17, 18 and 19, a pattern typical of so-called “complex” or “mixed” epithelia. This is a remarkable finding, since this pattern differs strikingly from previously reported data on the adult human cochlea and vestibular labyrinth that demonstrated a Ck pattern typical of “simple” (or single-layered) epithelia. Furthermore, the epithelium of the ED and ES demonstrated co-expression of Cks and vimentin. The present data indicate that the epithelium of the ED and ES exhibits another type of epithelial differentiation and demonstrates a higher degree of complexity than the other epithelia in the adult human inner ear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 255 (1998), S. 135-137 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Cryopreservation ; Ciliary beat frequency ; Sphenoid sinus mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In vitro studies of human ciliary activity require relatively large quantities of specimens of healthy ciliated epithelium. For this reason we investigated whether cryopreserved healthy mucosa taken from the sphenoid sinus during pituitary surgery would meet the demands of this type of study. The sinus mucosa from ten patients was immersed in two different cryopreservatives. One solution contained 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotector. The other contained glycerol as a part of human sperm preservation medium (HSPM). The ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured sequentially by a photoelectrical method: when specimens were fresh and then at intervals of 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen and thawing. Mean CBF values recorded after thawing did not differ significantly from the values measured before cryopreservation. Prior to cryopreservation and after thawing, CBF did not change during a period of 4 h. Epithelia preserved in DMSO demonstrated that the low mean CBF (5.4 Hz) found was caused by a reversible ciliostatic effect of the medium. After thawing and rinsing with a neutral medium, CBF showed normal values. We conclude that sphenoid sinus mucosa is an appropriate source of ciliated mucosa for in vitro experiments. Since non-pathological ciliated epithelium can be maintained in a “mucosa bank,” our finding makes further studies of CBF of normal human respiratory epithelium in vitro a realistic goal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 462-464 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Ciliary beat frequency ; Human upper respiratory cilia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is one of the neuropeptides that is released in the human nasal mucosa after trigeminal nerve stimulation. We investigated the in vitro effect of CGRP on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human upper respiratory cilia. Ciliated epithelium of freshly removed adenoidal tissues was used in all experiments. CBF was measured using a computerized photo-electric method. The results showed that CGRP exerted a significant dose-dependent stimulation on CBF in concentrations of 10-9-10-6 M (n = 10), with a maximum of 23%. Our findings indicate that CGRP in vivo may help to protect the airway epithelium by directly stimulating ciliary beat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 248 (1991), S. 293-297 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Adult human cochlea ; Epithelia ; Cytokeratins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epithelia can be characterized by the specific expression pattern of their cytokeratin components. Therefore, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of different cytokeratin subunits in frozen sections of chemically fixed, non-decalcified, adult human cochleas. The organ of Corti and the marginal cells of the stria vascularis showed reactivity for cytokeratin subunits 8, 18 and 19, whereas the other cochlear epithelia in addition expressed cytokeratin 7. The expression of cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 19 by the epithelia of the adult human cochlea is typical of “simple” epithelia. The deviant cytokeratin pattern of the organ of Corti and marginal cells of the stria vascularis may well reflect their differences in functional state and/or differentiation as compared to the other cochlear epithelia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 167-173 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Electrocochleography ; Endolymphatic hydrops ; Extracochlear potentials ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An endolymphatic hydrops was induced in the left ear of each of 32 guinea pigs by obliteration of the endolymphatic sac. Both the hydropic ear and the control ear were examined by electrocochleography 1,2, 4 or 8 months after obliteration of the sac using electrodes on the apex and near the round window. One month after obliteration, the threshold of the compound action potential (AP) and the increase of the AP amplitude with sound pressure level (SPL) were the same as the results recorded from the control ears despite the presence of a histologically confirmed hydrops. In the 2-month group, small AP threshold differences (10–20 dB) were recorded, increasing up to 10–40 dB in the 4- and 8-month groups. In the latter animals we also found a more rapid increase of the AP amplitude with SPL, a finding suggestive of recruitment. In the 1-month group we recorded an enhanced negative SP for 2- and 4 kHz stimuli when the electrode was placed near the apex. The same was recorded for 4-kHz stimuli in the 2-month group. In the 4- and 8-month groups there was a tendency towards a decrease in the negative SP. The SP-AP ratio recorded from the apical position showed the same pattern as the SP amplitude, an increase after 1 month and a tendency to decrease in the following months. Near the round window there was no significant effect of hydrops on the SP amplitude or on the SP-AP ratio. A deviation in the AP-SP wave form was recorded in 69% (22/32) of the guinea pigs. This deviation most frequently consisted of an increased second peak (N2) in the AP wave form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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