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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    CNS drug reviews 10 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1527-3458
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chlormethiazole is a thiazole derivative with a long history of use as a sedative agent. The mode of action of the drug has been partly worked out and has been established with recognition that its mechanism of action involves potentiation of GABA activity, the major intrinsic inhibitory neurotransmitter. Animal models of stroke ranging from rodents to primates have suggested an optimistic role for chlormethiazole in preventing both anatomical and functional deleterious effects of stroke. Phase III clinical trials, therefore, proceeded but unfortunately with very little success. Recently, the animal models have been revisited in an attempt to identify causes for this discrepancy between the results from pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review studies the pharmacological roots of chlormethiazole from its origin through to its licensed and novel applications. Emphasis is placed on discussing the animal experiments which led to its grooming as a neuroprotective agent and also on the human trials. The review seeks to explain the discrepancies between animal and human studies, which include short survival times of experimental subjects, speed of drug administration and fundamental differences between species. The primate model of stroke perhaps offers the nearest alternative to phase III trials and has recently been used to compare a number of newer neuroprotective agents with greater efficacy than chlormethiazole. In addition, novel approaches involving human neurochemical analyses in vivo are described which may help bridge the gap between animal models and future phase III trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy provide important information in patients with acute head injury. However, optimal patient management requires intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. There are few reports on the use of ICP sensors in an MR environment. We tested the Ventrix parenchymal intracranial pressure monitoring probe and monitor (Integra Neurosciences®, USA), modified by the use of a fibre-optic extension cable, within a 3 Tesla MR system. The device performed well in the MR environment, but one element within the fibre-optic extension was significantly ferromagnetic. The ICP probe produced a small susceptibility artefact on spin echo images, and a larger artefact on gradient echo images. The MR safety of the integrated system is probably acceptable, but could be easily improved with minor modifications. Although the system is MR compatible and produces generally acceptable imaging even at 3 Tesla, there is significant degradation of image quality during gradient echo sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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