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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with large adrenal tumors (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 12 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: The maximum size of adrenal tumors that should be removed by laparoscopic adrenalectomy is controversial. We conducted a retrospective comparison of the results of laparoscopic adrenalectomy between patients with adrenal tumors ≥6 cm (‘large tumors’) and patients with adrenal tumors 〈6 cm (‘small tumors’).Methods: The participants in the study were 16 patients with large tumors and 111 patients with small tumors. The patients comprised 59 men and 68 women (mean age, 49.0 years; age range, 23–79) with varying diagnoses. Of the 16 patients with large tumors, five had Cushing's syndrome, four had pheochromocytomas, six had a non-functional tumor and one had malignant lymphoma. Adrenal tumors were confirmed by hormonal assays, biochemical tests and computed tomography. Of the 16 large tumors, five tumors were on the right and 11 were on the left.Results: We found no significant differences in general demographic parameters between patients with large and small tumors. The mean duration of surgery was not significantly different between two groups. (large tumors, 210 min; small tumors,175 min). The mean volume of blood loss was 212 mL for large tumors and 30 mL for small tumors (P 〈 0.001, significant difference). There was no significant difference in time until walking, duration of hospitalization or number of using analgesics used. The time to first oral intake of group 1 (〈6 cm) was significantly shorter than group 2 (≥6 cm). Tumor size (≥7.5 cm) was an independent predictor of a longer operation and greater blood loss in large tumors.Conclusions: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for large tumors was safe and minimally invasive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2005.01017.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erythropoietin-producing renal cell carcinoma in chronic hemodialysis patients: A report of two cases (2003)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 10 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Erythropoietin (EPO)-producing renal cell carcinomas in two hemodialysis patients are reported. Despite deteriorated kidney function, these patients did not manifest anemia at diagnosis and their elevated serum EPO levels rapidly returned to within the normal range after nephrectomy. Immunohistochemical staining of the resected specimens showed production of erythropoietin in the tumor cells in one case and in the lining cells of the cyst wall in the other case. Renal cell carcinoma could cause an increase of blood hematocrit level in dialysis patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2003.00568.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of prostatic biopsy on free-to-total prostate-specific antigen ratio in patients with prostate cancer (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 7 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : We determined the effect of prostatic biopsy on the changes in total and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and free-to-total PSA ratio (F/T ratio) and examined if there are differences in these parameters between patients with benign and malignant histologic findings. Methods : The concentration of total and free PSA and the F/T ratio were determined in 35 men before and 1 h after prostatic biopsy. The level of PSA was measured with a chemiluminescent enzyme assay. Of 35 patients, nine were diagnosed as having prostate cancer. Results : In patients whose biopsy revealed cancer, the F/T ratio was lower than those without cancer, although there were no differences in total and free PSA value before prostatic biopsy. One hour after prostatic biopsy, there was an increase in the level of total and free PSA and the F/T ratio in all men. The increase in the F/T ratio was greater in patients whose biopsies revealed no prostate cancer. In patients with stage B cancer, these parameters increased more than those with stage C/D cancer. Conclusion : Prostatic biopsy causes a dramatic increase in total and free PSA. The F/T ratio also increased after biopsy. The PSA response to prostatic biopsy might be different in patients with and without prostatic malignancy. The response might also be different according to stage of prostate cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00133.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in serum prostate-specific antigen following prostatectomy in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 7 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose To investigate how prostatectomy for patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) affected the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.Methods In 193 patients who underwent prostatectomy for BPH, serum PSA levels were measured before and three months after the operation. The total prostate weight measured by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and the weight of the surgical specimen were examined in relation to the pretreatment PSA value and the changes in PSA levels after the operation.Results The transition zone volume measured by TRUS could well estimate the weight of the surgical specimen in patients who underwent subcapsular prostatectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate. The concentration of preoperative serum PSA showed a significant correlation with the prostatic volume and with the transition zone volume. Removal of 1 g of BPH tissue reduced serum PSA levels by an average of 0.18 ng/mL. The change in serum PSA levels after the prostatectomy correlated with the total prostatic gland volume and with the transition zone volume.Conclusions The elevated PSA levels in patients with BPH were caused by the enlargement of the transition zone. After the resection of the adenoma, PSA levels should be expected to decrease to the normal range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00228.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    External beam radiation monotherapy for prostate cancer (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 6 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : To clarify the implications and limitations of external beam radiation monotherapy for localized prostate cancer, the long-term outcomes and prognostic factors were investigated. Methods : Between 1976 and 1994, 91 patients with untreated prostate cancer were treated with external beam radiation therapy alone. Thirty-two were classified as T1b, eight were T2a, four were T2b and 47 were T3. Pelvic lymphadenectomy was carried out in 69 cases; 57 were staged as pN0, eight were pN1, four were pN2 and 22 were pNX. Linac X-rays were used in 55 cases, fast neutron in 15 and a combination of the two in 21. No other therapy was given until relapse and when relapse was evident endocrine therapy was started. Results : The observation period ranged from 3 to 206 months with a median of 78 months. Local control rate and disease-free, cause-specific and overall survivals at 10 years were 74.0, 49.6, 74.2 and 39.2%, respectively. By univariate analysis, T category, pN category and histologic grade were significant prognostic indicators for disease-free survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that T category was an independent prognostic factor. In T2b and T3 diseases, pN0/1 patients demonstrated significantly better disease-free survival than pNX. Conclusions : A favorable long-term outcome was achieved by external beam radiation monotherapy in patients with minimally extended prostate cancer (T1b and T2a). For locally advanced disease (T2b and T3), staging pelvic lymphadenectomy would be useful for the selection of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00082.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of functional bladder capacity in Japanese children (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 6 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Functional bladder capacity is a very important factor in the diagnosis of children with voiding disorders. Because Japanese children are thought to have somewhat smaller functional bladder capacity compared with Western children, the convenient formula (so-called Koff formula) bladder capacity (in ounces) = age (in years) + 2 is not suitable for use in Japanese children. Methods: We measured the bladder capacities of 131 Japanese children aged 5–15 years without clinical voiding pattern abnormalities to develop a practical guideline for the prediction of normal bladder capacity for age. Results: An approximate formula relates age and bladder capacity as: bladder capacity (mL) = 25 × (age (years) + 2). Conclusions: The formula presented is thought to be a useful guide for the diagnosis of small, normal or large bladder capacity and offers information on voiding disorders in Japanese children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00049.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prevalence of renal cell carcinoma: A nation-wide survey in Japan in 1997 (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 8 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the incidence of renal cell carcinoma by sex, age group and different regions in Japan.Methods: The survey was conducted from the beginning of January 1997 to the end of December 1997. A total of 1306 Institutions in all 47 prefectures throughout Japan were requested to register cases.Results: There were 6358 persons with renal cell carcinoma, consisting of 4372 men and 1986 women. The age-specific incidence rates showed a peak in the age group of 65–70 years in both men and women. The crude incidence rates per 100 000 population for men and women were 7.1 and 3.1, respectively, and age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 population for men and women were 4.9 and 1.8, respectively. The incidence rates in the Hokkaido region were significantly higher than in other regions (P 〈 0.05), among which there was no significant difference in incidence rates.Conclusions: The present study showed that the incidence rates of renal cell carcinoma in Japan were approximately the same as among Japanese in Los Angeles. The rates were, however, lower than North American and European countries, but higher than China, Central or South American countries and African countries. The reasons for the high incidence of renal cancer in the Hokkaido region are not entirely clear. Further epidemiologic research is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00314.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocrine therapy for recurrence after definitive radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 8 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Long-term results were analyzed to evaluate the role of endocrine therapy in the management of local and distant recurrence of prostate cancer following external radiation therapy.Methods: Between 1976 and 1994, 92 patients with untreated prostate cancer underwent external beam radiation therapy alone. Endocrine therapy had been started when relapse was evident.Results: Failure was seen in 35 of 92 patients: 10 local, 19 distant and six biochemical failures. Endocrine treatment was performed in 28 patients with nine local and 19 distant failures. The cancer-specific survival rate from the endocrine treatment was 54.5% at 5 years. Prostate-specific antigen level in 20 of 20 patients (100%) decreased to below the normal limit 3 months after the start of endocrine therapy. In univariate analysis, T classification was the most significant variable for cancer-specific survival from the initial treatment.Conclusions: A favorable outcome was achieved by endocrine therapy in patients who had relapsed after external beam radiation monotherapy. Even the recurrent tumor had a sensitivity to androgen. Patients with locally advanced disease (T2b and T3) had poorer prognosis than those with minimally extended disease (T1b and T2a).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00288.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aberrant expression of Pax-2 mRNA in renal cell carcinoma tissue and parenchyma of the affected kidney (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 8 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Pax proteins are transcription factors that demonstrate oncogenic properties and appear to play a crucial role in ontogenesis. Pax-2 is expressed in early kidney organogenesis, Wilms' tumor and renal cell carcinoma. In order to determine whether the expression of Pax-2 mRNA is a frequent and specific event in renal cell carcinoma, its expression in nephrectomized specimens and cell lines was investigated. Methods: The expression of Pax-2 mRNA was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 55 nephrectomized specimens, nine renal parenchyma specimens from patients without renal cell carcinoma and 16 cell lines from various malignant diseases. Results: All tumor tissue specimens expressed Pax-2 mRNA. In addition, 38 of 55 specimens from the renal parenchyma of the affected kidney expressed Pax-2 mRNA. In contrast, only two of the nine kidney specimens from patients without renal cell carcinoma expressed Pax-2 mRNA, indicating that expression of this protein is significantly higher in renal cell carcinoma (P 〈 0.01). All three cell lines from renal cell carcinoma expressed Pax-2. In contrast, Pax-2 was only expressed in two of three cell lines from transitional cell carcinoma and in none of the other lines. Conclusion: The results indicate that Pax-2 expression is a frequent and highly specific event in renal cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00244.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RADIATION THERAPY FOR PROSTATE CANCER CONFINED TO PELVIS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 1 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To evaluate the usefulness of external beam radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer confined to the pelvis, long-term results and prognostic factors were analyzed. During the period–1989, 44 cases were treated with staging pelvic lymphadenectomy followed by monotherapy using external beam irradiation by Linac X-ray and/or fast neutrons and observed without any treatment until relapse was evident. All patients were followed until death or for a mean of 78.6 mo (range:–113 mo) for patients still alive. Four cases died of prostate cancer at 26, 28, 54, and 83 mo from the start of radiation. Eleven cases died of other causes (10-72 mo, mean 36.4 mo). Fourteen cases (31.8%) manifested clinical relapse of cancer; 4 had local relapse, 7 developed bone metastases, and 3 relapsed at lymph nodes. After relapse, endocrine therapy was effective in most cases. The five-year disease-free survival rates of pNO (32 cases) and pN1 (8 cases) patients were 79.8% and 52.5%, respectively, but that of pN2 (4 cases) was worse. Cause-specific survival was similar between patients with pNO and pN1 disease, the rate at 5 yr being 92.5% in the former and 100% in the latter. Those with high levels of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) before treatment and advanced local disease (clinical stage C) showed unfavorable prognoses. The number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) might be a predictive factor in patients treated with irradiation. In conclusion, prostate cancer patients with stage A2-C, diagnosed as pN0-1 by staging pelvic lymphadenectomy, were successfully treated with external beam radiotherapy. The selection of candidates using prognostic factors such as N category, clinical stage, PSA, and AgNORs seems to be important for monotherapy with radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1994.tb00048.x
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