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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Spatial Distribution of Defects on Bending Deformation and Critical Current in Bi2223/Ag Superconducting Composite Tapes (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 919-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The strain dependence of the critical current, Ic, of Bi2223/Ag/Ag-alloy compositesuperconducting tapes has been studied both experimentally and analytically under bendingdeformation for two types of tape used in the VAMAS bending round-robin program (classified asVAM1 and 3). Our former analysis showed that the experimentally obtained Ic values were betweenthe calculated ones based on a damage-free initial state and a case where delamination occupied thefull width of the tape mid-plane. The experimentally obtained Ic values were explained by thedelamination occupying partial width of the tape mid-plane. However, the microscopic observationindicated that the delamination location in the thickness direction was not limited to the mid-plane.In the present study, the analysis was modified to incorporate the movement of the delaminationlocation in the thickness direction. The calculated Ic values with delamination increased when thedelamination location moved to compressive side of the tape, and decreased when that moved totensile side of the tape. Finally, the experimental Ic values can be understood by the distribution ofdelamination in both width and thickness direction
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/15/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.539-543.919.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Applied Tensile and Bending Strains on Local and Overall Critical Current of Multifilamentary Bi2223-Composite Superconductor (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 739-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Influence of applied tensile and bending strains on the local and overall transport criticalcurrent Ic and n-value at 77 K of multifilamentary Bi2223-composite superconductor was studied,where the n-value refers to the sharpness of the transition from super- to normal conducting state.Under both tensile and bending strains, the damage such as transverse and longitudinal cracking ofthe Bi2223 filaments and interfacial debonding between the filament and silver progressed. Theextent of damage and accordingly the critical current was different among the local portions. Therelation of the local current and n-value to overall ones was analyzed with a voltage summationmodel, with which the experimental result was described well. Further analysis revealed that thedistribution of local critical current could be described by the Weibull distribution function andn-value could be expressed as a function of critical current. Based on these results, a Monte Carlosimulation was carried out to predict the overall critical current from the distribution of local criticalcurrent, with which the experimental results could be described
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/15/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.539-543.739.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of Deletions and Point Mutations in Mitochondrial Genome in Degenerative Diseases (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 786 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb39055.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum Interleukin-6 levels after Urologic Operations (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 3 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Endourology, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and laparoscopic surgery are considered minimally invasive procedures; however, estimation of operative invasiveness has not been fully accomplished. We measured serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, as an indicator for systemic reaction, to examine operative invasiveness of these operations in comparison with open surgery. Method: Serum IL-6 levels were measured in 119 patients undergoing open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, endourology, and ESWL.Results: The median IL-6 levels on day 1 after the operation varied according to operative procedures: 83.5 pg/mL (range, 15–340 pg/mL) for open surgery, 24.8 pg/mL (range, 12–42 pg/mL) for laparoscopic surgery, and 10.8 pg/mL (range, 0–85 pg/mL) for endourology and ESWL. The extent of tissue injury and blood loss were found to be 2 major factors responsible for the serum IL-6 elevation.Conclusion: The minimally invasive character of endourology, ESWL, and laparoscopic surgery is attributable to low levels of tissue injury and blood loss, regardless of operative time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00550.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocrine therapy for recurrence after definitive radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 8 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Long-term results were analyzed to evaluate the role of endocrine therapy in the management of local and distant recurrence of prostate cancer following external radiation therapy.Methods: Between 1976 and 1994, 92 patients with untreated prostate cancer underwent external beam radiation therapy alone. Endocrine therapy had been started when relapse was evident.Results: Failure was seen in 35 of 92 patients: 10 local, 19 distant and six biochemical failures. Endocrine treatment was performed in 28 patients with nine local and 19 distant failures. The cancer-specific survival rate from the endocrine treatment was 54.5% at 5 years. Prostate-specific antigen level in 20 of 20 patients (100%) decreased to below the normal limit 3 months after the start of endocrine therapy. In univariate analysis, T classification was the most significant variable for cancer-specific survival from the initial treatment.Conclusions: A favorable outcome was achieved by endocrine therapy in patients who had relapsed after external beam radiation monotherapy. Even the recurrent tumor had a sensitivity to androgen. Patients with locally advanced disease (T2b and T3) had poorer prognosis than those with minimally extended disease (T1b and T2a).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00288.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Change in the ratio of free-to-total prostate-specific antigen during progression of advanced prostate cancer (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 7 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The ratio of free-to-total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is different in benign prostatic hyperplasia and in the early stage of prostate cancer. The present study was undertaken to examine the ratio of free-to-total PSA in the advanced stage of this cancer and its subsequent change during course of the disease. Methods : Free and total PSA were measured in sera collected from the following patients with benign and cancerous prostatic diseases: 47 cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy, nine in T1C with less than 10 ng/mL of total PSA, 11 in stage C, 16 in D2, 22 in remission under endocrine therapy, and 12 in relapse. In addition, PSA was measured sequentially in four other patients who were also in relapse. Results : The ratio of free-to-total PSA was similar in early and advanced stages of untreated prostate cancer and was lower than that in benign prostatic hyperplasia. The ratio increased to the level of benign prostatic hyperplasia during remission from stages C and D2 under endocrine therapy. There was no correlation with the intervals from the start of the therapy to examination. Following relapse, the ratio came down gradually to the level obtained in untreated prostate cancer. Conclusion : The ratio of free-to-total PSA was similar in all stages of untreated prostate cancer. Response and relapse to endocrine therapy were associated with increase and decrease in ratio, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00144.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    External beam radiation monotherapy for prostate cancer (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 6 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : To clarify the implications and limitations of external beam radiation monotherapy for localized prostate cancer, the long-term outcomes and prognostic factors were investigated. Methods : Between 1976 and 1994, 91 patients with untreated prostate cancer were treated with external beam radiation therapy alone. Thirty-two were classified as T1b, eight were T2a, four were T2b and 47 were T3. Pelvic lymphadenectomy was carried out in 69 cases; 57 were staged as pN0, eight were pN1, four were pN2 and 22 were pNX. Linac X-rays were used in 55 cases, fast neutron in 15 and a combination of the two in 21. No other therapy was given until relapse and when relapse was evident endocrine therapy was started. Results : The observation period ranged from 3 to 206 months with a median of 78 months. Local control rate and disease-free, cause-specific and overall survivals at 10 years were 74.0, 49.6, 74.2 and 39.2%, respectively. By univariate analysis, T category, pN category and histologic grade were significant prognostic indicators for disease-free survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that T category was an independent prognostic factor. In T2b and T3 diseases, pN0/1 patients demonstrated significantly better disease-free survival than pNX. Conclusions : A favorable long-term outcome was achieved by external beam radiation monotherapy in patients with minimally extended prostate cancer (T1b and T2a). For locally advanced disease (T2b and T3), staging pelvic lymphadenectomy would be useful for the selection of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00082.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kidney stone disease and risk factors for coronary heart disease (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 12 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background:  We conducted a case-control study to examine the impact of coronal heart disease (CHD) risk factors on calcium oxalate (CaOX) stone formation.Methods:  Variables included body mass index (BMI), current alcohol use, smoking habit, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and hyperuricemia. Data sufficient for analysis were obtained for 181 CaOX stone formers and 187 controls.Results:  Seven of 181 stone formers (3.9%) had a history of CHD compared with none of 187 control subjects (P = 0.007). In univariate logistic regression analysis, smoking habit (OR 4.41, 95% CI 2.85–6.84, P 〈 0.0001), hypertension (OR 4.24, 95% CI 2.61–6.91, P 〈 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.77–5.20, P 〈 0.0001) and BMI (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.17, P = 0.007) reached statistical significance. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, smoking habit (OR 4.29, 95% CI 2.68–6.86, P 〈 0.0001), hypertension (OR 3.57, 95% CI 2.11–6.07, P 〈 0.0001), and hypercholesterolemia (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.51–5.00, P = 0.001) reached statistical significance, while BMI (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99–1.12, P = 0.09) did not.Conclusions:  CaOX stone formers are significantly associated with several CHD risk factors, including smoking habit, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2005.01160.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progression of prostate cancer to neuroendocrine cell tumor (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 8 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The progression to endocrine therapy-resistant prostate cancer is partly due to clonal change to neuroendocrine cell tumor. To elucidate this pathologic process, the clinical courses of four cases of neuroendocrine cell tumor that were found at autopsy are reported.Methods: Between 1995 and 1999, autopsies were performed for 20 cases of prostate cancer. Lesions predominantly composed of a neuroendocrine cell tumor (small cell carcinoma) were found in four men. The clinical courses of these cases were compared to 16 other non-neuroendocrine cell tumors (adenocarcinomas).Results: The outstanding features of the neuroendocrine cell tumors were: (i) survival was brief after relapse, although the duration of control by employing endocrine therapy varied; (ii) the prostate-specific antigen level did not increase after relapse; and (iii) the sites of metastasis were similar to those of common adenocarcinomas.〈section xml:id="abs1-1"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:The progression to a neuroendocrine cell tumor indicated a poor prognosis and slight (if any) changes in the serum prostate-specific antigen level. This tumor might not appear to respond to any therapeutic attempt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00347.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical finding of α-1-antichymotrypsin in tissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 6 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Ratio of free to total (F/T) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is higher in the blood of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia than those with prostate cancer. To clarify the difference between ratios in these two, α-1-antichymotrypsin, the major component of the bound PSA in the blood, was immunohistochemically examined. Methods : Tissues were obtained surgically via a retropubic approach from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (nine cases) and prostate cancer (27 cases). These samples were processed in paraffin blocks, cut into 5 mm sections and stained with antibodies against α-1-antichymotrypsin and PSA. Results : The percentage of α-1-antichymotrypsin-stained cells in prostate cancer was higher than that in benign prostatic hyperplasia (P 〈 0.05). Almost all of glandular and cancer cells were stained with PSA antibody. The percentage of α-1-antichymotrypsin-stained cells in prostate cancer did not correlate to histologic grade, although α-1-antichymotrypsin-stained cells were more widely scattered in high grade tissues. No correlation was found between α-1-antichymotrypsin-stained cells and ratio of F/T in the blood of cancer patients. In about 20% of cancer tissues, histiocytes with positive α-1-antichymotrypsin staining were found in stroma but not in that of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Conclusions : Prostate cancer tissues are shown to have a richer environment of α-1-antichymotrypsin than those of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Some cancer tissues contained α-1-antichymotrypsin-stained histiocytes. These local events may correlate to a high amount of the bound form among total PSA in the blood of prostate cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00118.x
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