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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The accessibility of sulphonic acid groups in basic dyeable polyester fibers. I. The prevention of fiber hydrolysis during dyeing (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 4087-4094 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rate of acid hydrolysis of a basic dyeable polyester in water, before and after heat-setting, has been investigated. Intrinsic viscosity measurements and chemical analysis have been used to establish experimental conditions under which the hydrolysis is inhibited. It is suggested that the critical stage of the hydrolysis mechanism is the exchange of sodium ions from the sulphonate groups in the fiber for hydrogen ions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261211
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The carrier dyeing of synthetic fibers (1980)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 276-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mode of action of carriers in augmenting the rate of dyeing of disperse dyes with acrylic and polyester fibers is discussed in terms of the plasticizing action of the carrier. It is shown that the effectiveness of a carrier is determined by its ability to reduce the glass transition temperature of the fiber and not by the fiber swelling. The rate of dyeing as measured by the diffusion coefficient of the dye is shown to be uniquely related to the difference between the dyeing temperature and the glass transition temperature (T - Tg). In the light of these results, some aspects of carrier action in dyeing from perchlorethylene are discussed. Treatment of polyester fibers with carrier also increases crystallinity. Changes in diffusion for a series of copolyesters have been correlated with the long spacing obtained from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760200409
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of carrier dyeing (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 3733-3746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The accelerated rate of diffusion of disperse dyes into synthetic fibers caused by various dyebath additives (“carriers”) has been correlated with their plasticizing action. The rate of change in length of Acrilan filaments with temperature under dyebath conditions enabled the effects of the carrier on the Tg of the filaments to be measured, and the results for different concentrations of carrier at one temperature could be superimposed on a common curve by employing suitable shift factors. The shift factors, as well as the variations of the diffusion coefficients of dyes with temperature and carrier concentration, both matched a WLF relationship, confirming that the dyeing process is controlled by the segmental mobility of the polymer. Indirect experimental evidence suggests that the same relation will describe the effect of carriers on the dyeing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates with disperse dyes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070171215
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of plasticizing compounds on acrylic fibers (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 41-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Comparison of the various solubility parameters of different plasticizing agents has shown that their plasticizing action on Acrilan filaments is governed by polar interactions. The diameter swelling of the filaments appears to decrease with increasing efficiency of the plasticizing agent. The diffusion of a disperse day through the plasticized fiber is not related to the fiber swelling and is controlled by the plasticizing action of the dyebath.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200104
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of phenol and biphenyl on the properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 2271-2284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Evidence is presented which justifies the use of the dyeing transition temperature (TD) instead of the glass transition temperature (Tg) as a reference temperature when using the WLF equation to describe the carrier dyeing of polyester film. Changes in the properties of the substrate caused by the effect of “carriers” on the molecular structure of the polymer have also been detected and a connection between the location of TD and chain folding is suggested from IR measurements.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200823
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of carriers on drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 1583-1592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of various organic compounds on the birefringence equilibrium shrinkage and swelling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments was studied. Evidence is presented that suggests the carrier action of the compounds is dominated by dispersion forces and that interaction between dye and the carrier in the fiber has been detected.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220610
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The accessibility of sulphonic acid groups in basic dyeable polyester fibers. II. The influence of plasticization on the ion exchange process (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 4095-4101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The exchange of the sodium ions of the sodium sulphonate group in anionically modified polyester fibers has been measured. The accessibility of the sulphonate groups in the polymer is greatly improved by plasticization and is independent of the size of the exchanging ion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261212
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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