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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibria in Water–Alcohol Mixtures (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 692-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Caldin and Long1 have reported investigations on ethanol–water mixtures containing sodium hydroxide in which TNT was used as an indicator. The purple colour obtained is supposedly due to the TNT anion produced by the equilibria: BH + OH- ^ B- + H20 (J3H- = TNT) BH + OEt- ^ B- ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/199692a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Approach to the Donnan Distribution of Ions Between Wool and Aqueous Solutions (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 193 (1962), S. 1252-1253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WOOL is normally dyed in an aqueous bath containing dye and inorganic ions. Analysis of the system in terms of physico-chemical concepts is usually carried out on adsorption isotherms where the dye adsorption has been determined in terms of the concentration of dye, hydrogen and inorganic ions in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1931252a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adjusting chlorophyll-a estimates through temporal weighting based on the seasonal development of phytobiomass (1994)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 56 (1994), S. 106-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Chlorophyll seasonality ; temporal correction ; lake specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract North-temperate lakes have been shown to progress through a general cycle of chlorophyll-a phenology. Because estimates of seasonal means are often based on only a few samples collected against this variable background, these estimates can be biased or uncertain. Our goal was to reduce the seasonal uncertainty and thereby produce more accurate estimates of chlorophyll concentration by defining a correction for phenological development. Time-series data from 149 lake-years were used to develop equations from which chlorophyll values could be “corrected” to the seasonal mean in relation to their particular date of measurement. However, we found the seasonal correction to be ineffectual in reducing uncertainty about nutrient-response regressions. After reviewing a number of hypotheses, we conclude that the correction derived from the average response for many lakes will be inadequate to adjust for the seasonal pattern occurring within any particular lake. This occurs because the temporal weighting correction, generated through repeated averaging, underestimates the seasonal variability which exists among individual lakes. An effective correction, if it is developed will have to be based on patterns within single lakes or possibly different lakes within a single region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the Mobilities of Anions in Nylon (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 1572-1572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It should be emphasized that the system studied by Peters et al. resembles more closely an anion-exchange process than the coupled diffusion of a proton and a dye anion into the polymer since one would expect the system to have been at all times substantially in equilibrium with respect to the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2121572a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The allometry of the weight of fruit on trees and shrubs in Barbados (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 74 (1988), S. 612-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Fruit weight ; Plant allometry ; Trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Branch sampling of branch diameter and fruit crop on 22 species of Barbadian trees and shrubs provided sufficient data to build regressions between plant size and fruit crop weight. Orchard plants bear much more fruit than wild, feral or garden plants of similar size, but this difference disappears in multiple regression of fruit crop weight (F in g, fresh mass) on branch or stem diameter (D in cm) and individual fruit weight (W in g): F=22D1.2 W0.57. This explains 89% of the variation in F and successfully predicts crop weight for wild tropical and temperate trees and shrubs, but underestimated the crops on commercial, temperate, fruit trees by an order of magnitude. Comparisons of crop weight for feral, wild, and garden plants (Ff) using a simple regression Ff=47D1.9 show that crop weight is a minor load relative to branch weight for larger branches. Although fruit crops represent a declining proportion of total plant weight as plants become larger, the crops become larger relative to leaf and twig weight and in this sense, reproductive investment increases in larger plants. Finally, our equations, combined with the self-thinning rule, suggest that stands of large species of fruit plants produce more fruit per unit of land area than stands of small ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380061
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial arthritis in a district hospital (1992)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 11 (1992), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Bacterial Arthritis ; Skin Infections ; Treatment Delay ; Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Between 1977 and 1988 in the Enschede hospital 72 patients were seen with bacterial arthritis of one or more joints. Staphylococcus aureus was most frequently the causative agent (52%) and the knee was the most frequently infected joint (42%); the mortality rate was 11%. Complete restoration of pre-existent function was seen in 52% of the affected joints. In patients with severe deterioration of joint function after the bacterial infection, the period between the first symptoms and start of treatment (mean 30 days) was significantly longer than in patients with no or moderately deteriorated joint function (mean 10 days). The primary focus was mostly a skin infection, predominantly localized on the lower extremities. Half of all cases of bacterial arthritis occurred in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We therefore conclude that patients with RA and skin infections, especially if localized on legs or feet, should be treated without delay and that one should not hesitate to prescribe antibiotics. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was less than 20 mm after one hour in 13% and blood leucocyte count less than 10×109/liter in 55% of all patients, showing that a normal ESR and/or blood leucocyte count do not exclude bacterial arthritis. In 4 out of 9 patients with infected prosthetic joints the infection resulted in loosening of the joint, before antibiotic treatment was started. In the other 5 patients bacterial arthritis recurred, in one patient resulting in loosening of the joint, only shortly after stopping long-term successful antibiotic treatment (6-24 months). Thus, we feel that lifelong treatment with antibiotics is a reasonable alternative in cases, where the risk of surgery is very high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207192
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcrystallinity in injection molded polypropylene glass fibre composites (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 113 (1983), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde das Vorkommen von Transkristallinität in Polypropylen bei Anwesenheit von Glasfasern unter Spannung untersucht. Das Experiment wurde an einem Heiztisch-Polarisationsmikroskop durchgeführt. Dabei zeigte sich, daß leichte mechanische Spannung an den Faser-Polymer-Grenzflächen zu Oberflächennukleierung und Wachstum von transkristallinen Bereichen führt. Gemische von Polypropylen mit verschiedenen Konzentrationen von Glasfasern wurden durch Spritzgießen hergestellt. Die beobachteten transkristallinen Bereiche der Spritzgußproben wurden auf genügende innere Spannungen zurückgeführt. Ferner zeigte sich, daß die Zunahme der Faserkonzentration die Transkristallinität erhöht. Das weist darauf hin, daß die inneren Spannungen mit zunehmendem Faseranteil angestiegen sind.
    Notes: The occurrence of transcrystallinity in polypropylene in the presence of glass fibres under stress was studied. An experiment was designed on a hot-stage polarizing microscope in which it was found that slight mechanical stress at the fibre polymer interface gives rise to surface nucleation and growth of transcrystalline regions. Composites of polypropylene with various concentrations of glass fibres were prepared by injection molding. The observed transcrystalline regions in the injection molded samples were attributed to the availability of sufficient inherent internal stresses. Moreover, an increase in fibre concentration was found to enhance transcrystallinity. This indicated that the internal stresses were increased with increasing fibre population.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1983.051130111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of carrier dyeing (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 3733-3746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The accelerated rate of diffusion of disperse dyes into synthetic fibers caused by various dyebath additives (“carriers”) has been correlated with their plasticizing action. The rate of change in length of Acrilan filaments with temperature under dyebath conditions enabled the effects of the carrier on the Tg of the filaments to be measured, and the results for different concentrations of carrier at one temperature could be superimposed on a common curve by employing suitable shift factors. The shift factors, as well as the variations of the diffusion coefficients of dyes with temperature and carrier concentration, both matched a WLF relationship, confirming that the dyeing process is controlled by the segmental mobility of the polymer. Indirect experimental evidence suggests that the same relation will describe the effect of carriers on the dyeing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates with disperse dyes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070171215
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of plasticizing compounds on acrylic fibers (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 41-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Comparison of the various solubility parameters of different plasticizing agents has shown that their plasticizing action on Acrilan filaments is governed by polar interactions. The diameter swelling of the filaments appears to decrease with increasing efficiency of the plasticizing agent. The diffusion of a disperse day through the plasticized fiber is not related to the fiber swelling and is controlled by the plasticizing action of the dyebath.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolyester studies. IV. Dyeing behavior of drawn and undrawn fibers derived from tetramethylene terephthalate-tetramethylene sebacate copolymers (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1105-1115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Drawn and undrawn fibers of tetramethylene terephthalate-tetramethylene sebacate copolymers, containing up to 20 mol % of the latter, have been dyed in an infinite dyebath with a disperse dye. The dyeing process has been interpreted in terms of the equilibrium dye absorption, the half-time of dyeing, and the diffusion coefficient. Increasing sebacate content has been found to have a marked effect on the rate and level of dye uptake. Deviations from Fickian behavior have been observed for the drawn fiber and related to presence of voids.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230415
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