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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective regulation of germination and growth of annual weeds by crop residues (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 25 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Residues from mature, harvested crops of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.), exhibited selective effects on weed germination and growth under field conditions. Weed species in the study included Avena fatua L., Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Nyman, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Phalaris aquatica L., Phalaris paradoxa L., Lolium perenne L., Vulpia myuros (L.) Gmel., Hibiscus trionum L., Polygonum aviculare L., Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort. and Lamium amplexicaule L. All crop residues tested, and in particular wheat and pea residues, promoted the germination and growth of A. fatua and A sterilis ssp. ludoviciana. Other grass weeds, however, were inhibited by the presence of crop residue, the extent of inhibition being dependent on residue type. Germination response of dicotyledonous weed species was also a function of residue type, H. trionum numbers were significantly higher in plots where oilseed rape, sorghum or sunflower residue had been incorporated, while L. amplexicaule was inhibited by these residue types and stimulated by pea and wheat residues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1985.tb00664.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus fertilizer response in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) compared to wheat (Triticum aestivum) in early growth (1989)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 19 (1989), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Phosphorus ; lupin ; chickpea ; wheat ; nodulation ; dry matter production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A glasshouse experiment was conducted to examine the comparative growth and P uptake response following P fertilizer application in lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Chittick) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum cv. Tyson) compared to wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sunstar). Measurements of dry matter, phosphorus uptake and nodule numbers were made at 50 and 100 days after sowing. At the 50 day harvest, the two legume crops produced less dry matter and accumulated less plant P than wheat but no such species interactions were present at the 100 day harvest. Chickpeas showed strong positive responses in nodule numbers with increasing rates of P fertilizer while such effects were less and more variable with lupins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080679
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth chamber study of phosphorus applied as drilled granules or as seed coatings to wheat sown in soils differing in P-sorption capacity (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 29 (1991), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Fixation ; banded ; fertilizer ; efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of seed coatings or drilled granules containing phosphorus (P) on the early growth of wheat was evaluated in a pot trial in two soils differing in P-sorption capacity. P as monocalcium phosphate (MCP) was applied in seed coatings (C) at rates of 0 (inert coating of diatomaceous earth), 5 and 10 kg P ha−1 whereas drilled rates (D) of P were applied at 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 kg P ha−1 to wheat sown at the equivalent of 60 kg ha−1. The soils used were an aquic haplustalf with low (LS) and a gibbsiorthox with high (HS) P-sorption capacities respectively. Both soils were deficient in P, having 7.3 and 13.1 ppm available P in the LS and HS soils respectively. Emergence was recorded and plant height was measured at regular intervals. Shoot and root dry weights and P contents were determined in the final harvest at 27 days after sowing. Emergence was significantly delayed only by C10. Cumulative plant height per pot of C5 was significantly greater than that of C0, C10, D0, D5 or D10 from day 17 onwards. The only drilled treatments to produce a significant increase in plant height over D0 were D20 and D40. Dry weights increased in the LS soil up to 20 kg P ha−1 and up to 40 kg P ha−1 in the HS soil. Whilst C10 suffered some injury during emergence which also reduced the early growth of that treatment, seed coating at 5 kg P ha−1 resulted in more effective use of P than an equivalent drilled rate in both soil types, particularly with respect to plant height and root weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052397
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of solubility of applied phosphate on the growth of narrow-leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 13 (1987), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Biosuper ; lupin ; nodulation ; partially acidulated rock phosphate ; superphosphate ; water soluble phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The response of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Illyarrie) to phosphorus (P) fertilizer applied as single superphosphate (super), as an elemental-sulphur-enriched, partially acidulated rock phosphate (esparp) and as biosuper, was investigated in a glasshouse pot trial. Measurements of plant yield and P uptake were recorded 41 and 76 days after sowing. Both dry matter production and P uptake from esparp and super were proportional to the amount of water soluble P added to the pots indicating that the non-water-soluble fractions from these fertilizers were not taken up by the lupin plants. A small amount of initially insoluble P from the higher rates of biosuper was taken up by day 76. Thus superphosphate was clearly the most effective P source for this lupin species followed by esparp while biosuper was ineffective. Similar responses were recorded for pod and nodule dry weights. It was concluded that less soluble P sources were not suitable as fertilizers in lupin production due to the poor response in P uptake, dry matter accumulation and nodulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064825
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential phytotoxicity among species and cultivars of the genus Brassica to wheat (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 117 (1989), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Brassica ; crop residues ; high temperature ; nutrient status ; phytotoxins ; short days
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field and controlled environment studies were conducted to examine the effects of plant stress during growth on the subsequent phytotoxicity of residues ofBrassica napus andBrassica campestris. High temperatures (30°C compared to 15°C day temperature) and short days (8 hours light compared to 16 hours light) increased the phytotoxicity of residues as measured by a wheat bioassay. Low levels of nutrient supply during growth also increased the toxicity of Brassica residues. The effect of water stress was less clear; severe moisture stress resulted in less phytotoxicity than mild water stress. The two species showed some differences in wheat phytotoxicity following applied plant stress and the field experiments suggested there was a potential for greater toxicity from summer grown residues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206261
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of balancing ions for nutritional studies in nutrient culture experiments (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 124 (1990), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acetate ; chloride ; Lupinus angustifolius ; nodulation ; sand culture ; sulphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nutrient culture studies frequently involve the use of balancing ions to equalize concentrations of essential nutrient elements. In a pot experiment in controlled environment with Lupinus angustifolius, growth and nodulation were assessed following calcium treatment (15 mM) using the acetate, chloride and sulphate salts in various combinations. Chloride depressed nodulation at levels higher than 20 mM; nodule mass and number were highest at the maximum sulphate concentration (13 mM). At the lowest sulphate level (2 mM), nodulation and root growth were depressed by 4 mM or higher acetate. Nodulation (dry weight and numbers of nodules) was maximized at 13 mM sulphate/4 mM chloride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010935
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of waterlogging on chickpeas (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 183 (1996), S. 105-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbohydrate ; chickpea ; Cicer arietinum ; ethylene ; flowering ; physiological age ; starch ; waterlogging ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Waterlogging tolerance of chickpeas was found, in earlier work, to decrease sharply at flowering. Three experiments were performed to attempt to explain the mechanisms involved in this response. In the first, a range of treatments was imposed to modify the plant's source/sink relationships, as carbohydrate supply and partitioning were considered possible determinants of waterlogging tolerance. Plants from which buds were removed showed the most rapid recovery after waterlogging. Defoliation immediately before waterlogging reduced the rate of recovery. Application of benzyladenine plus gibberellic acid prior to waterlogging delayed stomatal closure and leaf senescence, inhibited apical growth and stimulated axillary growth. The second experiment aimed to confirm the influence of bud removal and to determine whether waterlogging tolerance is correlated with carbohydrate supply. Treatments comprised two sowing times, ten days apart, and two bud treatments (retained and removed). Waterlogging was imposed when older plants had been flowering for seven days and younger plants were in bud. Waterlogging caused soluble sugars to accumulate in the lower stem, suggesting that a deficiency of assimilates did not contribute to waterlogging injury. Similarly, waterlogging increased nitrogen concentration in the stem, through mobilisation from senescing leaves. Bud removal enhanced leaf survival and reduced mortality rate after waterlogging; it also increased starch concentration in the lower stem, indicating that storage of assimilates decreased in flowering plants. However, across all treatments, starch concentration was not correlated with waterlogging tolerance. In the third experiment, the effect of the senescence-promoting factor ethylene on preflowering and flowering plants was assessed, using the ethylene-releasing agent ethephon. Ethephon reduced growth to a slightly greater extent when applied prior to flowering than at flowering. There was no evidence that inadequate supply of carbohydrates or nitrogen in the stem, or increased sensitivity to ethylene, contributed to waterlogging intolerance in flowering chickpea plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185570
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some aspects of wheat cultivar response to applied phosphate (1977)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 47 (1977), S. 63-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two experiments are described in which a comparison was made of differences in phosphorus contents, dry matter production and root growth between a semi-dwarf wheat (Israel M68) and a standard height cultivar (Olympic). In the first experiment, using soil as a support medium, Olympic had higher root dry weight and root to shoot ratios, but lower root and shoot phosphorus contents, than Israel M68. In the second experiment, using solution culture technique, Olympic had higher root dry weights and root to shoot ratios, but there was no cultivar difference in either root or shoot phosphorus content. This suggests an improved ability in the semi-dwarf wheat to explore the soil system. In both experiments the rate of uptake of phosphorus, when calculated per unit root fresh weight, was highest with Israel M68. Root measurements in a later experiment (Experiment 2a) indicated similar total fresh weights for both cultivars, but on a unit fresh weight basis, the semi-dwarf cultivar had a greater root number, root area and lateral root volume. Although further studies to clarify the situation are necessary, these differences may be associated with the enhanced grain yield response to superphosphate of some semi-dwarf wheats when compared to standard height cultivars. re]19751104
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010368
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential phytotoxicity among species and cultivars of the genus Brassica to wheat (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 107 (1988), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Brassica ; crop residues ; phytotoxins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Classhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the effect of microorganisms on the activity of water-soluble phytotoxins from Brassica residues, and on the persistence of the phytotoxins. Warm temperatures (20–24°C) and long incubation periods (20 to 40 days) were conductive to reduced phytotoxicity while low temperatures (0–4°C, regardless of incubation time), or short incubation time (regardless of temperature) resulted in levels of phytotoxicity similar to that found without incubation. The removal of microbial populations by micro-filtration resulted in the maintenance of phytotoxicity, regardless of the incubation conditions. The quantity of residues or extracts from residues used in a pot experiment and the soil type (sand or clay soil) determined the degree of phytotoxicity. Generally, the greater the quantity of residues or extracts, the greater the toxicity, with residues being more toxic than extracts from the same rate of residue. These observations agree with the general literature that the level of toxicity is determined by the quantity of residue present, and the rate of decline in the toxicity of water-soluble toxins is dependent on the microbial populations present, and their level of activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371546
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of sorghum and sunflower to short-term waterlogging (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 119-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Duration of waterlogging ; Leaf area ; Plant height ; Sorghum ; Sunflower ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of waterlogging on sunflower and sorghum was investigated in relation to stage of development (sunflower-6-leaf, buds-visible, anthesis; sorghum-5-leaf, initiation, anthesis) and duration of waterlogging (3, 6 and 9 days) under glasshouse conditions. Additionally, the potential adaptation of the two crops was observed by waterlogging some plants at all three growth stages. With sunflower, leaf expansion and stem extension were inhibited by waterlogging at the 6-leaf and buds-visible stage although these effects did not always persist until maturity while, with anthesis waterlogging, rapid desiccation of leaves was observed. Yield was most affected by the anthesis waterlogging but no consistent effect on seed number or 1000 seed weight was recorded. Waterlogging sorghum plants suppressed normal tillering but had little effect on dry weight of the main stem. Late tillering was stimulated by waterlogging. Reductions in leaf area occurred at all stages of development in response to waterlogging with these effects being more marked at initiation. Similarly, yield was most reduced by the initiation waterlogging largely as a result of reduced seed number. In neither species was there a clear relationship between duration of waterlogging and subsequent reduction in growth and yield. With respect to yield, stage of development seemed to be of greater importance than the duration of waterlogging. The growth and yield of multiple-waterlogged sunflowers was less affected by the anthesis treatment than that in plants experiencing a single waterlogging, suggesting that some form of adaptation was induced. In contrast, no such response was seen in sorghum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206901
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