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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk assessment for atmospheric environmental management: a case study in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia (1985)
    Springer
    Environmental management 9 (1985), S. 217-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Air pollution ; Australia ; New South Wales ; Risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The theoretical framework of a risk assessment scheme is applied to air quality assessment in a developing region in Australia, the Hunter Valley in the state of New South Wales. It is found that the application of such a scheme high-lights a number of inadequacies in the air quality management. New modeling methodologies are found to be necessary to assess some air quality impacts, as existing knowledge is inadequate. The importance of extensive data bases is underlined as is the need for social surveys to supplement air pollution monitoring when gauging aesthetic effects of air pollutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867078
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of possible climate change impacts on water availability, extreme flow events and soil moisture in the Goulburn and Ovens Basins, Victoria (1996)
    Springer
    Climatic change 34 (1996), S. 513-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A rainfall-runoff model (IHACRES) is applied on a daily timestep to a large area of the state of Victoria, Australia. Successful calibrations of this dynamic lumped parameter model were performed for 5 rivers contributing streamflow to the Ovens Basin, and for 9 rivers of the Goulburn Basin. This is the first application of the model on such a scale, involving two basins where the total drainage area of the catchments modelled is about 6,500 km2. The models were tested by simulation over the entire common period of observation for the 14 catchments under consideration. The results show that the models closely simulate the observed streamflow. The effect of historical climate variability on streamflow was investigated. The models were used for estimation of the potential impact of climatic change on water availability for irrigation for different climate scenarios developed in the Division of Atmospheric Research, CSIRO. This allows conditional estimates to be made of water supply in these basins for the periods 2030 and 2070 under current vegetation conditions. Projecting the future hydrologic regime in this region is extremely important, in particular for supporting irrigation management of the Basin. The problem of estimating the impact of climate change on the probability of extreme events of the hydrological regime was analysed. Flood frequency was found to increase for the scenarios providing the maximum amount of water; to 50% at 2030 and 100% at 2070. The probability of flood events for the ‘dry’ scenarios rapidly decreases for these dates. Drought frequency, as defined by a soil wetness index, increased 35% for the ‘dry’ scenario at 2030 and 80% for this scenario at 2070.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139304
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate Change Impacts on Urban Flooding (2000)
    Springer
    Climatic change 47 (2000), S. 91-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper estimates changes in thepotential damage of flood events caused by increasesof CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. It ispresented in two parts: 1. the modelling of floodfrequency and magnitude under global warming andassociated rainfall intensities and 2. the use ofgreenhouse flood data to assess changes in thevulnerability of flood prone urban areas, expressingthese in terms of direct losses.Three case studies were selected: theHawkesbury–Nepean corridor, the Queanbeyan and UpperParramatta Rivers. All three catchments are located insoutheastern Australia, near Sydney and Canberra.These were chosen because each had detailed buildingdata bases available and the localities are situatedon rivers that vary in catchment size andcharacteristics. All fall within a region that willexperience similar climate change under the availablegreenhouse scenarios. The GCMs' slab model scenariosof climate change in 2030 and 2070 will cause onlyminor changes to urban flood damage but the doubleCO2 scenarios estimated using the StochasticWeather Generator technique will lead to significantincreases in building damage.For all the case studies, the hydrological modellingindicates that there will be increases in themagnitude and frequency of flood events under thedouble CO2 conditions although these vary fromplace to place. However, the overall pattern of changeis that for the Upper Parramatta River the 1 in 100-year flood under currentconditions becomes the 1 in44-year event, the 1 in 35-year flood for theHawkesbury–Nepean and the 1 in 10 for Queanbeyan andCanberra. This indicates the importance of usingrainfall-runoff modelling in order to estimate changesin flood frequencies in catchments with differentphysical characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005621523177
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avoiding disasters: The role of systems analysis and an integrated approach in water resources development (1995)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 35 (1995), S. 49-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract Sustainable development of the earth's limited water and land resources is of paramount importance, because of rising populations and often conflicting demands for these resources. Enormous capital investment has been made in developing these resources, but now there is irrefutable evidence that such developments have led to major resource degradation. This includes problems of soil-waterlogging, land and water salinisation and damage to ecosystems. This paper describes some of these developments and argues that an intergrated approach firmly based upon systems analysis is necessary to avoid mistakes of the past and to promote informed use of these essential resources in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00812624
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical modeling of restricted pollutant data sets to assess compliance with air quality criteria (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 9 (1987), S. 29-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Three statistical models are used to predict the upper percentiles of the distribution of air pollutant concentrations from restricted data sets recorded over yearly time intervals. The first is an empirical quantile-quantile model. It requires firstly that a more complete date set be available from a base site within the same airshed, and secondly that the base and restricted data sets are drawn from the same distributional form. A two-sided Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test is applied to test the validity of the latter assumption, a test not requiring the assumption of a particular distributional form. The second model represents the a priori selection of a distributional model for the air quality data. To demonstrate this approach the two-parameter lognormal, gamma and Weibull models and the one-parameter exponential model were separately applied to all the restricted data sets. A third model employs a model identification procedure on each data set. It selects the ‘best fit’ model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394214
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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