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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Barbiturates in pharmacologically relevant concentrations inhibit binding of (R)-N6-phenylisopropyl[3H]adenosine ([3H]PIA) to solubilized A1 adenosine receptors in a concentration-dependent, stereospecific, and competitive manner. Ki values are similar to those obtained for membrane-bound receptors and are 31 μM for (±)-5-(1,3-dimethyl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid [(±)-DMBB] and 89 μM for (±)-pentobarbital. Kinetic experiments demonstrate that barbiturates compete directly for the binding site of the receptor. The inhibition of rat striatal adenylate cyclase by unlabelled (R)-N6-phenyl-isopropyladenosine [(R)-PIA] is antagonized by barbiturates in the same concentrations that inhibit radioligand binding. The stimulation of adenylate cyclase via A2 adenosine receptors in membranes from N1E 115 neuroblastoma cells is antagonized only by 10–30 times higher concentrations of barbiturates. It is concluded that barbiturates are selective antagonists at the A1 receptor subtype. In analogy to the excitatory effects of methylxanthines it is suggested that A1 adenosine receptor antagonism may convey excitatory properties to barbiturates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 252 (1986), S. 590-595 
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 322 (1986), S. 390-392 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Botulinum C2 toxin is a binary toxin and consists of two components, C2-I and C2-II, with relative molecular masses (Mrs) of 50K and 100K, respectively4. Both components are actually completely separate proteins which interact to cause the toxic effects. The 50K component, which is non-toxic in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 9 (1982), S. 89-93 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Intercellular communication ; Spheroids ; Adenylate cyclase ; Radiosensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract When electrically coupled mammalian cells are cultured as spherical clones (spheroids) and exposed to ionizing radiation they are less radiosensitive than monolayers of the same cell line. Investigations into the possible role of coupling (gap junctions) and three-dimensional contact in the expression of this phenomenon revealed 1) a correlation between cell coupling and the activity of adenylate cyclase in monolayers, 2) a sharp drop of cyclase activity in spheroids of coupled cells compared to monolayers, and 3) a decrease of coupling with age (“maturation”) of the spheroids. These results suggest profound physiological alterations in communicating cells induced under conditions of tight three-dimensional contact as a possible cause for the reduced radiosensitivity of spheroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 139-145 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: α-adrenerge Rezeptoren ; Thrombozyten-Aggregation ; Thrombozytäre Adenylat-Cyclase ; α-adrenerge Wirkungen ; α-adrenergic receptors ; platelet aggregation ; platelet adenylate cyclase ; α-adrenergic responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Binding of [3H]dihydroergonine, a potent α-adrenergic blocking agent, was studied in intact human platelets and platelet membranes. The binding process reached equilibrium within 10 min at 25° C and was reversible upon addition of excess phentolamine with forward and reverse rate constants of 0.31 and 0.027 min−1, respectively, and with a second order association rate constant of 2.2×107 M−1 min−1. The [3H]dihydroergonine binding reached saturation with 220 fmol of [3H]dihydroergonine bound per mg of platelet membrane protein and about 200 binding sites per platelet. Equilibrium studies indicated a single population of binding sites with no apparent cooperativity and a dissociation constant of 6 to 7 nM. Binding of [3H]dihydroergonine showed all the typical characteristics of binding to an α-adrenergic receptor and stereoselectivity: Adrenergic agonists and antagonists competed for the binding sites with the following order of potency: (1)-adrenaline〉(1)-noradrenaline〉(d)-noradrenaline≫(1)-isoprenaline and yohimbine〉dihydroergotamine〉phentolamine≫tolazoline〉azapetine≫(1)-propranolol〉(1)-pindolol, respectively. It was tried to correlate the binding data of various α-adrenergic agonists with platelet aggregation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Out of many α-adrenergic agonists tested, only adrenaline and noradrenaline were able to induce primary platelet aggregation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Various other compounds that are α-adrenergic agonists in other systems displaced [3H]dihydroergonine from its binding sites with somewhat lower affinities than adrenaline, e.g., phenylephrine and methoxamine, or with much higher affinities, e.g., the imidazolines, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, naphazoline and tetryzolin. In contrast to adrenaline and noradrenaline, these compounds were unable to induce primary platelet aggregation (up to 1 mM) and inhibition of adenylate cyclase (up to 100 µM). These data indicate that the platelet α-adrenergic receptor does not greatly differ from α-adrenergic receptors found in other tissues with respect to binding of drugs to the receptor but that the platelet receptor is unique with regard to the limited spectrum of compounds that are capable of inducing biological responses.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Bindung von [3H]Dihydroergonin, einem potenten α-adrenergen Blocker in menschlichen Thrombozyten, wurde in intakten menschlichen Thrombozyten und Thrombozyten-Membranen untersucht. Die Bindung erreichte ihr Äquilibrium innerhalb von 10 min bei 25°C und war reversibel nach Zugabe eines Überschusses von Phentolamin. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten betrugen 0,31 min−1 für die Vorwärtsreaktion und 0,027 min−1 für die Rückwärtsreaktion, woraus eine Assoziationsgeschwindigkeitskonstante von 2,2×107 M−1 min−1 berechnet wurde. Die [3H]Dihydroergonin-Bindung erreichte Sättigung mit 220 fmol [3H]Dihydroergonin gebunden pro mg Membran-Protein und etwa 200 Bindungsstellen pro Thrombozyt. Äquilibriums-Untersuchungen ergaben eine einheitliche Population von Bindungsstellen ohne Anzeichen einer Kooperativität und eine Dissoziations-Konstante von 6 bis 7 nM. Die Bindung von [3H]Dihydroergonin zeigte alle typischen Charakteristika der Bindung an einen α-adrenergen Rezeptor and Stereoselektivität: Adrenerge Agonisten bzw. Antagonisten konkurrierten um die Bindungsstellen in der Potenzreihe: (1)-Adrenalin〉(1)-Noradrenalin〉(d)-Noradrenalin≫(1)-Isoprenalin bzw. Yohimbin〉Dihydroergotamin〉Phentolamin≫Tolazolin〉Azapetin≫(1)-Propranolol〉(1)-Pindolol. Es wurde versucht, die Bindungsdaten verschiedener α-adrenerger Agonisten mit der Thrombozyten-Aggregation und der Hemmung der Adenylat-Cyclase zu korrelieren. Unter verschiedenen getesteten α-adrenergen Agonisten waren nur Adrenalin und Noradrenalin fähig, eine primäre Thrombozyten-Aggregation auszulösen und die Adenylat-Cyclase zu hemmen. Verschiedene andere Substanzen, die in anderen Systemen α-adrenerge Agonisten sind, verdrängten [3H)Dihydroergonin von seinen Bindungsstellen mit etwas geringeren Affinitäten als Adrenalin, so Phenylephrin und Methoxamin, oder mit weit höheren Affinitäten, so die Imidazoline Xylometazolin, Oxymetazolin, Naphazolin und Tetryzolin. Im Gegensatz zu Adrenalin und Noradrenalin waren diese Substanzen aber nicht fähig, eine primäre Thrombozyten-Aggregation (bis 1 mM) und eine Hemmung der Adenylat-Cyclase (bis 100 µM) zu induzieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß der thrombozytäre α-adrenerge Rezeptor sich nicht wesentlich von α-adrenergen Rezeptoren in anderen Systemen unterscheidet, was die Bindung von Substanzen an den Rezeptor angeht, daß aber nur ein limitiertes Spektrum von Substanzen fähig ist, über diesen Rezeptor biologische Antworten hervorzurufen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyperparathyroidism ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Urinary cyclic AMP ; Serum parathyroid hormone ; Cyclic AMP ; urinary ; Competitive protein binding assay ; Parathyroid hormone ; Radioimmunoassay ; GFR ; Phosphate excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Urinary cyclic AMP excretion per 24 h or per g creatinine in primary hyperparathyroidism (1° HPT) has been evaluated by several authors with conflicting results. In 50 patients with 1° HPT, 25 patients with secondary (2°) HPT and 35 healthy control persons we determined urinary cyclic AMP per 24 h or per g creatinine. These parameters did not satisfactorily discriminate patients from controls, especially when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as determined by creatinine clearance was reduced. Since urinary cyclic AMP is derived from plasma by glomerular filtration and from kidney by tubular production—the amount of tubules is reflected by GFR—the cyclic nucleotide was related to GFR. In controls urinary cyclic AMP correlated better with GFR than with creatinine excretion. Additionally, in 45 of 50 patients with 1° HPT and in all with 2° HPT, urinary cyclic AMP/GFR was raised. In 1° HPT serum levels of parathyroid hormone correlated closer with urinary cyclic AMP/GFR than with urinary cyclic AMP/g creatinine. The ratio cyclic AMP/GFR decreased to normal or subnormal values after removal of adenomatous or hyperplastic glands in 1° HPT and during infusion of calcium in 2° HPT. In 50 patients with renal lithiasis caused by diseases other than 1° HPT (anatomical variations, pyelonephritis, immobilization after tetraplegia) the ratio cyclic AMP/GFR was not raised. Urinary cyclic AMP/GFR, therefore, reflects parathyroid hormone excess more reliably than cyclic AMP/g creatinine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Parathormon erhöht die renale Ausscheidung von cyclischem AMP (cAMP). Die renale Ausscheidung von cAMP/24 h oder cAMP/g Kreatinin wurde bei primärem Hyperparathyreoidismus (1° HPT) von verschiedenen Untersuchern gemessen. Die Resultate waren widersprüchlich. Wir bestimmten die renale Ausscheidung von cAMP/24 h oder cAMP/g Kreatinin bei 50 Patienten mit 1° HPT, 25 Patienten mit sekundärem (2°) HPT und 35 Kontrollpersonen. Die Patienten schieden im Mittel mehr cAMP/24 h oder cAMP/g Kreatinin aus als die Kontrollpersonen. Eine Überlappung mit dem Normalbereich wurde besonders bei reduzierter Kreatininclearance beobachtet. Da im Urin ausgeschiedenes cAMP zum Teil aus dem Plasma (glomeruläre Filtration) und zum Teil aus der Niere (tubuläre Produktion) stammt und die Anzahl der Tubuli von der GFR reflektiert wird, bezogen wir die renale Ausscheidung von cAMP auf die GFR (bestimmt als Kreatininclearance). Bei den Kontrollpersonen korrelierte die renale Ausscheidung von cAMP besser mit der Kreatininclearance als mit der Kreatininausscheidung. 45 von 50 Patienten mit 1° HPT und alle Patienten mit 2° HPT wiesen eine erhöhte renale Ausscheidung von cAMP/GFR auf. Die radioimmunologisch gemessenen Serumspiegel von Parathormon korrelierten bei 1° HPT besser mit der renalen Ausscheidung von cAMP/GFR als mit cAMP/g Kreatinin. Nach Entfernung von adenomatösen oder hyperplastischen Nebenschilddrüsen bei 1° HPT oder nach Infusion von Calcium bei 2° HPT fiel die Ausscheidung von cAMP/GFR auf normale oder erniedrigte Werte. 50 zusätzlich untersuchte Patienten mit Nephrolithiasis, die nicht durch 1° HPT bedingt war, wiesen keine Erhöhung der renalen Ausscheidung von cAMP/GFR auf. Die renale Ausscheidung von cAMP/GFR ist ein zuverlässigerer Indikator der Nebenschilddrüsenüberfunktion als die Ausscheidung von cAMP/Kreatinin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: hormone receptors ; guanine nucleotide-binding proteins ; N (G) proteins ; adenylate cyclase ; signal transduction systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase is a multi-component system embedded in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and serves as a signal transduction system for various membrane receptors. The complete system consists of various receptor molecules, which sensitize the external ligands, the effector enzyme adenylate cyclase, which catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP, and two guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (N or G proteins), which transduce the signals from the receptors to the adenylate cyclase. Depending on the receptor type activated by a ligand, stimulatory or inhibitory, either the stimulatory or the inhibitory N protein is activated and induces stimulation or inhibition of adenylate cyclase with subsequent increase or decrease in cellular cyclic AMP levels. In this paper, the mechanisms of this hormonal signal transduction system and its regulation will be briefly reviewed, with some emphasis on the cardiac system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We discuss the physics potential and the experimental challenges of an upgraded LHC running at an instantaneous luminosity of 1035 cm-2s-1. The detector R&D needed to operate ATLAS and CMS in a very high radiation environment and the expected detector performance are discussed. A few examples of the increased physics potential are given, ranging from precise measurements within the Standard Model (in particular in the Higgs sector) to the discovery reach for several New Physics processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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