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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of magnetostriction with application to Terfenol-D : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7012-7014 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A mechanism for magnetostriction in the highly magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D is explained in detail. This mechanism is based on a theory of magnetostriction [R. D. James and D. Kinderlehrer, Philos. Mag. B 68, 237 (1993)] that is particularly suited to predictions of the macroscopic behavior of materials that exhibit large magnetostriction. Some experiments that test these predictions are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358470
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromagnetic study of Ni2MnGa under applied field (invited) (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4702-4706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present an experimental study of the domain and twin structure in the martensitic phase of the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni2MnGa using magnetic force microscopy. After cooling through the austenite–martensite transformation under no field, a rectangular specimen with {100} faces consistently adopted a structure of fine-scale (101) twins with surface relief, due to demagnetization effects. After cooling under a [010] field of 2 kOe, a completely different twin structure consisting of (110) parallel bands with no surface relief was observed. Under increasing fields between 2 and 8.5 kOe, the following sequence of domain structures were observed: fir tree patterns in twin bands, fir tree patterns localized at twin boundaries, single domains with thick walls (approx. 0.5 μm) coincident with twin boundaries. The domain walls exhibit unusually high contrast, and there is evidence for a wall substructure with irregularly spaced nodes. These observations are consistent with a theoretical micromagnetic study (R. D. James, Q. Pan, R. Tickle, R. Kohn, and M. Wuttig, preprint) in which approximately homogeneous rotation of magnetization occurs in alternate bands at large fields; this rotation reduces the driving force on twin boundaries before the maximum strain is achieved in some tests. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373134
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A round turbulent jet produced by an oscillating diaphragm (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 2484-2495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A round turbulent water jet produced normal to, and at the center of a submerged, resonantly driven diaphragm is investigated experimentally. The jet which is formed without mass injection and is comprised entirely of radially entrained fluid, is present only when the excitation amplitude exceeds a given threshold. Above this excitation level, a small cluster of cavitation bubbles appears near the center of the diaphragm. The bubbles grow, apparently collapse, and then disappear during each oscillation cycle. It is conjectured that the jet is synthesized by time-periodic coalescence of vortex rings that are produced by secondary flow around the bubbles or by the collapse of the bubbles. It is remarkable that even though the jet results from a strong time-periodic excitation and its time-periodic features are detected throughout the present range of measurements, the time-averaged jet structure is similar to that of a conventional turbulent round jet in that the increase in its width and in the inverse of its centerline velocity are both linear functions of the distance from the actuator. In contrast to conventional jets, the present synthetic jets can be manipulated on relatively short time scales that are comparable to the excitation period. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869040
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prognostic factors in colorectal carcinoma treated by preoperative radiotherapy and immediate surgery (1991)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 34 (1991), S. 546-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal cancer ; Radiotherapy ; Clinicopathologic staging ; CEA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinicopathologic staging of colorectal cancer is the subject of recent debate. We studied morphologic variables in a series of tumors resected from 284 patients. Half had been prospectively, randomly allocated to receive a 4-day schedule of preoperative pelvic radiotherapy followed by immediate surgery. There was a significant (P〈0.01) difference in the distribution of tumors of various histopathologic grades between irradiated (XS) and unirradiated (S) patients and borderline differences in the predictive values of venous spread, tumor grading, and local spread. However, these differences were less marked in 180 tumors examined by one review pathologist. They were thought to be due to misinterpretation of changes induced by radiotherapy. No differences were detected in the distribution of tumors of various sizes and Dukes' stage in the XS and S groups. The review pathologist recorded a borderline (P=0.049) difference in the distribution of tumors of various CEA staining patterns between the XS and S groups. In a Cox regression model, Dukes' staging remained the most important predictive variable for survival and pelvic recurrence in the XS and S groups. Dukes' staging was apparently unchanged by this schedule of preoperative radiotherapy, but Broders' grading may be unreliable. Any new clinicopathologic staging system for colorectal cancer should record when preoperative radiotherapy is delivered. More studies of radiotherapy effects are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049892
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adjuvant preoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal carcinoma (1994)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 37 (1994), S. 1205-1214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Rectal carcinoma ; Preoperative radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted by the Northwest Rectal Cancer Group to study the effects of preoperative radiotherapy given one week before surgery in locally advanced (tethered or fixed) rectal carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 284 patients were entered into the trial between 1982 and 1986; 141 were allocated to receive surgical treatment alone, and 143 were allocated to receive preoperative radiotherapy. A 10 × 10 × 10 cm volume in the posterior pelvis, centered on the tumor, was irradiated at a dose of 20 Gy, divided into four daily fractions of 5 Gy each. RESULTS: No differences were observed in any of the clinicopathologic variables in the two arms of the trial; there were no striking down-staging effects in the irradiated tumors. After a minimum follow-up period of 96 months, the overall and cancer-related mortality rates were similar in both arms of the study (P =0.21 andP =0.09, respectively). There was a highly significant reduction in local recurrences in the irradiated group (12.8 percent x-ray therapyvs. 36.5 percent surgery;P =0.0001). The majority of local recurrences after preoperative radiotherapy occurred inside the radiotherapy field (10 cases; 7 percent), with only six cases (5 percent) outside the field. No significant difference was observed in the rates of distant metastasis between the two treatment groups (P =0.73). CONCLUSIONS: Although there is no statistically significant survival benefit in the whole series, there is a survival benefit for the subset of patients considered by the surgeon to have undergone a curative operation. We recommend that this form of adjuvant therapy should be offered to all patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who are to undergo radical surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257783
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The representation of integers as sums of pyramidal numbers (1934)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 109 (1934), S. 196-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01449132
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine phase mixtures as minimizers of energy (1987)
    Springer
    Archive for rational mechanics and analysis 100 (1987), S. 13-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281246
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-free joints and polycrystals (1984)
    Springer
    Archive for rational mechanics and analysis 86 (1984), S. 13-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280646
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frustration in ferromagnetic materials (1990)
    Springer
    Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics 2 (1990), S. 215-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We examine the theory of micromagnetics developed by W. F. Brown. We show that in the case often considered, with exchange energy omitted, the minimum of the free energy is not attained for uniaxial materials but is attained for cubic materials. A study of the minimizing sequences reveals that these accurately model many features of observed domain structure. Finally, we reexamine the so-called “coercivity paradox” from the viewpoint of nonlinear stability theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01129598
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal variables and fine-scale oscillations in micromagnetics (1994)
    Springer
    Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics 6 (1994), S. 291-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We derive the field energy of micromagnetics by computing the limiting energy of a lattice of dipoles as a typical lattice parameter goes to zero. Different limiting energies are obtained, depending upon whether the dipoles do not oscillate (strong convergence), oscillate on a scale much larger than the scale of the lattice (weak-long) or oscillate on the scale of the lattice (weak-short). The analysis suggests a framework and some methods for the direct derivation of continuum theory from molecular theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01140633
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