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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of asthma on cell components in peripheral blood among smokers and non-smokers (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Eosinophils play a central role in asthma, but the interplay of the effects of smoking, eosinophils and asthma remains unclear.Objective  The primary objective of our study was to investigate the extent to which smoking modifies the effect of asthma on circulating eosinophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts.Methods  Data were collected semiannually between 1987 and 1994 from HIV-negative participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Asthma was defined by a questionnaire at baseline as a self-report of diagnosed asthma. A total of 1420 blood samples from 197 asthmatics and 15 822 from 1997 non-asthmatics were collected.Results  Eosinophil levels were higher in asthmatics (28% of asthmatics had eosinophils 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA1730:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉4% and 16% of non-asthmatics) regardless of smoking history, but smoking modified the association between eosinophils and asthma. Namely, the odds ratios for eosinophils being 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA1730:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉4% in asthmatics to non-asthmatics decreased from 2.7 (95% CI: 2.0, 3.6) in never, to 2.1 (1.4, 3.1) in former, and to 1.5 (0.9, 2.3) in current smokers. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses coherently showed that smoking increased eosinophils in non-asthmatics, but the converse was true for asthmatics. In contrast, no differences in peripheral blood T cell counts between asthmatics and non-asthmatics were observed.Conclusion  Under the established link between increased eosinophils and asthma, these data indicate that smoking modified this relationship. This finding suggests that smoking plays a different immunological role in asthmatics and non-asthmatics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01730.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence on the Evolution of Basaltic Magma at Elevated Pressures (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 243-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DURING the past decade the more conventional field, petrographic and chemical studies of basalts have been supplemented by experimental petrological investigations. By the controlled equilibration of natural basalts at temperatures between 1,000 and 1,300 C and at atmospheric pressure, the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/212243a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the spermatozoon ofParadynomene tuberculata Sakai, 1963 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Dynomenidae): Synapomorphies with dromiid sperm (1993)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 47 (1993), S. 311-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The dynomenid spermatozoon, exemplified here byParadynomene tuberculata, resembles the spermatozoa of the Dromiidae, Homolidae and lyreidine raninoids and differs markedly from those of other crabs (the heterotreme, thoracotremes, raninines and raninoidines) in the depressed, discoidal form of the acrosome and the capitate form of the perforatorium. Four or five apparent dynomenid—dromiid sperm synapomorphies are recognizable. (1) Dynomenids (P. tuberculata) and dromiids differ from homolids and lyreidines in the greater depression of the acrosome (ratio of length to width=0.3); (2) the capitate head of the perforatorium is bilaterally prolonged inP. tuberculata as in dromiids though symmetrical in homolids; (3) dynomenid and dromiid sperm lack the—albeit variably developed—posterior median process of the nucleus seen in homolids, anomurans, raninoids and lower heterotremes; (4)P. tuberculata, like dromiids and less distinctly homolids, has an apical protuberance of subopercular material through the opercular perforation, unknown in other crabs, being distinct from the apical button of thoracotreme sperm; (5) a less certain synapomorphy is the anterolateral electron-pale peripheral zone of the acrosome. These synapomorphies endorse a sister-group relationship of dynomenids and dromiids,P. tuberculata sperm differs notably from the sperm of dromiids in the more complex zonation of the acrosome. The perforatorium lacks the radial rays (“spiked wheel”) of homolid sperm and does not show the “amoeboid” form seen in lyreidines. Absence of internal corrugations of the perforatorial chamber is a major difference from all examined raninids. Centrioles are only very tentatively identifiable. Nuclear arms are absent in glutaraldehyde fixed spermatozoa ofP. tuberculata and have not been observed in the dromiidPetalomera lateralis but are present as three small radial vertices in the dromiidDromidiopsis edwardsi and in homolids.P. tuberculata resemblesPetalomera lateralis in the large size of the sperm nucleus relative to the acrosome compared withD. edwardsi and homolids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367172
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spermatozoal ultrastructure in four genera of Homolidae (crustacea, decapoda): Exemplified byHomologenus sp.,Latreillopsis sp.,Homolomannia sibogae andParomolosis boasi (1993)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 47 (1993), S. 323-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The spermatozoa ofHomologenus sp.,Latreillopsis sp.,Homolomannia sibogae andParomolopsis boasi confirm characteristics of a distinctive homolid spermatozoon previously established forHomola sp.,Paromola sp. andParomola petterdi. Homolid features are (1) moderate anteroposterior depression of the acrosome (ratio of length: width 0.4–0.6) as in lyreidine raninids (0.5), depression being greater in dromiids and dynomenids (both 0.3); (2) the capitate form of the perforatorium, shared with dromiids, dynomenids and lyreidine raninids; (3)the autapomorphic spiked-wheel form of the anterior expansion of the perforatorium; (4) horizontal zonation of the acrosome is possibly a unique synapomorphy of homolids with dromiids and dynomenids, and therefore an autapomorphy of the dromioid-homolid assemblage. In dromiids the posterior zone is proportionately the larger, while in homolids the anterior zone is the larger. The anterior zone is complexly subdivided in dynomenids; (5) the autapomorphic presence of numerous radial arranged extension of the acrosomal operculum into the perforatorium; (6) presence of nuclear arms, a symplesiomorphy of all investigated crabs, but small or questionably sometimes absent in Dromiidae; (7) absence of microtubules from the nuclear arms, as in dromiids, raninids, higher heterotremes and thoracotremes; (8) transient presence of a posterior median process of the nucleus. The process is not seen in dromiids but occurs in anomurans and lower heterotremes; (9) apical perforation of the operculum, also seen, apparently symplesiomorphically, in dromiids, raninids, and lower heterotreme families; (10) absence of an acrosome ray zone, probably homoplasic with absence in raninids; (11) location of most of the cytoplasm, including tortuous membranes and degenerating mitochondria, below the acrosome, also seen inLyreidus; (12) presence, in at least some species, of centrioles, unknown in dromiids and raninids and variable in occurrence in heterotremes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367173
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Search for a bound trineutron with the 3He(π−pgr;+)nnn reaction (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 4 (1999), S. 5-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:21.45.+v Few-body systems – 25.10.+s Nuclear reactions involving few-nucleon systems – 25.80.Gn Pion charge-exchange reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A search for the production of a bound trineutron state has been performed using the reaction 3He(π−,π+)nnn at incident pion energies of 65, 75, and 120 MeV. No evidence for the existence of the 3n was found, and an upper limit for the production cross section of approximately 30 nb/sr (2σ confidence level) was obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050196
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  • 6
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    Imhoteq, The Vizier and Physician of King Zoser and afterwards The Egyptian God of Medicine (Book Review) (1929)
    Milano : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Aegyptus. 10:2/4 (1929:dic.) 315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-9046
    Topics: Archaeology
    Notes: Recensioni e bibliografia
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:4008-1929-010-02-000020
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vegetable Pathology and the Vicious Circle (1917)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 100 (1917), S. 165-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN animal pathology disease is frequently complicated by reactions which aggravate the primary morbid process, and so establish what is known as a “vicious circle.” This process vires acquirit eundo, and may lead to the perpetuation of disease, to the destruction of an organ, or even to the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/100165c0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of spermiogenesis in the gastropodHeliacus variegatus (Architectonicidae), with description of a banded periaxonemal helix (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 109 (1991), S. 67-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spermiogenesis and spermatozoa of the marine gastropodHeliacus variegatus Gmelin were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mature spermatozoa are composed of an acrosomal vesicle, helical nucleus, elongate midpiece, annulus, glycogen piece and short end piece. The midpiece consists of a 9+2 axoneme, nine coarse fibres, and a banded helix, all enclosed by a continuous mitochondrial sheath (with multiple, helically coiled grooves). Anterior extensions of the mitochondrial sheath and banded helix form a double sheath around the basal half of the nucleus—an arrangement possibly unique in the Mollusca. During spermiogenesis, dense plaques delineating the anterior and posterior poles of the spermatid nucleus become attachment sites for the acrosomal vesicle and the axial complex (respectively). As the nucleus condenses and elongates, midpiece formation involves fusion of numerous, oblong mitochondria along the length of the axoneme. The coarse fibres and banded helix of the midpiece probably are derived through centriolar activity. Results of the study support inclusion of the Architectonicidae within the Heterobranchia, but in view of midpiece specializations, do not clarify the precise relationship of the family within this subclass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320233
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Podotreme affinities of Raninoides sp. and Lyreidus brevifrons: evidence from spermatozoal ultrastructure (Crustacea: Brachyura: Raninoidea) (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 120 (1994), S. 239-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spermatozoal synapomorphies which singly or collectively distinguish Raninoidea are: (1) the presence of single (Ranina, Raninoides) or multiple (Lyreidus) keel-like projections of the acrosomal capsule; (2) a very large, weakly electron-opaque peripheral acrosomal zone (Ranina, Raninoides) and an homologous large outer zone in Lyreidus; (3) poor differentiation of the operculum from the capsule (autapomorphy); (4) a very well developed, perforate subopercular zone, of variable form; (5) presence of unique inward longitudinal projections (septa or corrugations) in the wall of the subacrosomal chamber (autapomorphy). Shared, presumably synapomorphic characters of Ranina and Raninoides but not of Lyreidus within the Raninidae, are: (1) branching of some of the subacrosomal septa (unbranched in Lyreidus); (2) the subspheroidal form of the acrosome in Ranina with a length: width ratio (L:W) of 0.76, and, although slightly more depressed, in Raninoides (L:W 0.73), considered apomorphic relative to the more depressed form in Lyreidus (L:W 0.52); (3) single or multiple coiled perforatorial filaments (Ranina, Raninoides) contrasting with a capitate perforatorium with “amoeboid” head in Lyreidus; (4) division of the capsule wall to give one posterior (Ranina) or multiple enclaves, plesiomorphically (?) absent in Lyreidus. Similarities of Lyreidus with other podotremes include the capitate perforatorium, questionably related to the radiate spiked-wheel structure of homolids in which acrosome proportions are similar or less closely to the bilateral capitate perforatorium of dromiids and dynomenids, and basal capsular projections as in the dromiid Stimdromia (=Petamolera) lateralis and in cyclodorippoids. No spermatozoal synapomorphies support a sister-group relationship of raninoids and heterotreme-thoracotreme crabs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349684
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the mature spermatozoon of the coconut crabBirgus latro (Coenobitidae: Paguroidea: Decapoda) (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 108 (1991), S. 395-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The spermatozoon ofBirgus latro (Linnaeus, 1767) is approx 14µm in length. It is composed of a large multi-layered oblong-ovoid acrosome which is capped by a conical operculum and lies anterior to a small ring of cytoplasm and an amorphous nucleus which is drawn out into a series of arms or extensions. Originating from the cytoplasmic area are three further long microtubular arms. The sperm ofB. latro is very similar to the sperm of the only other genus in the Coenobitidae,Coenobita, of whichC. clypeatus is a representative species. They share a suite of ultrastructural characters including: a long, cylindrical, capsule-bound acrosome containing an inner acrosome core, a large acrosome ray zone and a thin outer acrosome zone; an apical operculum anterior to a subopercular zone divided into two areas of differing density; an invaginated perforatorial zone with a bipartite granular matrix; microvillus-like extensions of the inner acrosome core projecting into the perforatorial invagination; a ring of cytoplasm, around the base of the acrosome, containing numerous mitochondria, extensive lamellar systems and the bases of three microtubular arms; granular nuclear material forming irregular arms; and at the posterior portion of the cell membrane a combination of nuclear and plasma membranes. Some ultrastructural characters which separate the two genera are: a domed operculum inC. clypeatus as opposed to a conical one inB. latro; inB. latro there is some residual cytoplasm external to the operculum and centrioles are absent from the mature spermatozoon; inC. clypeatus the inner acrosome core does not appear to invest the perforatorium and a series of dense “rods” are found subjacent and internal to the operculum. Similarities between the two coenobitids are greater than those shared with the paguridEupagurus bernhardus. In this latter species, the acrosome is more ovoid than cylindrical and the acrosome zones are less conspicuous; the operculum is absent from the mature sperm (although present during spermiohistogenesis); no subopercular zone is present; the perforatorium contains longitudinally arranged microtubules and extends the full length of the acrosome; and the nuclear material does not form separate nuclear arms. Sperm ultrastructure supports monophyly of the Paguroidea, while distinguishing coenobitids from pagurids within this superfamily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313648
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