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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 11 (1989), S. 1-3 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion Le développement actuel des transplantations hépatiques, le retard que prend la France en transplantation pancréatique nécessitent de mettre au point des techniques qui autorisent les prélèvements simultanés des 2 organes dans tous les cas. La réalisation de ces prélèvements se heurte aux variations des a. hépatiques, qu'il faut done rechercher par la dissection ou par une artériographie pré-opératoire. De telles techniques nécessitent une grande souplesse des techniques de prélèvements et de réparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 11 (1989), S. 181-185 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: A. of the liver/pancreas ; Hepatic a. ; Pancreatic a. ; Transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les prélèvements couplés du foie et du pancréas total sont anatomiquement possibles, à condition de rechercher les variations des a. hépatiques. En cas d'a. hépatique médiane unique le pancréas peut être prélevé avec le tronc cœliaque, l'a. mésentérique supérieure. Le foie peut être prélevé avec toute son a. hépatique. En cas d'a. hépatique gauche, le foie doit être prélevé avec le tronc cœliaque, l'a. hépatique gauche et l'a. hépatique médiane. Le pancréas doit être prélevé avec l'a. mésentérique supérieure et l'a. splénique doit être réimplantée dans l'a. mésentérique supérieure à condition que l'a. pancréatique dorsale naisse bien de l'a. splénique. En cas d'a. hépatique droite, le foie doit être prélevé avec l'a. hépatique médiane, l'a. hépatique droite et l'a. mésentérique supérieure. Le pancréas doit être prélevé avec l'a. mésentérique supérieure, l'a. hépatique commune, l'a. gastro-duodénale et l'a. splénique.
    Notes: Summary Combined liver and whole pancreas procurement is feasible provided that anatomical variations of the hepatic a. are kept in mind and recognised. In case of a single middle hepatic a., the pancreas can be procured with the celiac axis and the superior mesenteric a. The liver is harvested with all its artery. In case of a left hepatic a., the liver should have the celiac axis, the left and the middle hepatic a. The pancreas is harvested with the superior mesenteric a. on which the splenic a. will be implanted, provided that the dorsal pancreatic a. is really coming from the splenic a. In case of a right hepatic a., the liver is procured with the middle hepatic a., the right hepatic a. and the superior mesenteric a. The pancreas will have the celiac axis, the common hepatic a. with the gastroduodenal branch and the splenic a.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 13 (1991), S. 45-47 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Anatomy ; Prostate ; Computer model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auterurs rapportent une technique de reconstruction tridimensionnelle assistée par ordinateur en utilisant les informations de coupes sériées. Cette reconstruction a été faite avec un micro-ordinateur courant. Cette technique a été appliquée à la reconstruction d'une prostate de lapin commun européen.
    Notes: Summary We report a computer assisted three dimensional reconstruction technique using serial sections. This reconstruction was achieved by means of a common microcomputer. The organ analyzed in this study was the common European rabbit prostate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Ureteral obstruction in renal transplantation ; Antegrade ureteral dilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on eight kidney-allografted patients treated for delayed ureteral obstruction between January 1986 and January 1987. In all cases, standard endourological dilation was performed using a balloon catheter, and this was followed by insertion of a pigtail stent. All eight cases showed improvement 1 month after dilation (decrease in creatinine and caliceal dilation). At 6 months, renal function had deteriorated in six patients but remained good in two. One of the six patients was redilated with apparently good results. The remaining five were operated on using their own ureter. We conclude that while internal drainage helps in distinguishing between obstruction and other causes of creatinine increase, antegrade dilation is the treatment of choice for delayed ureteral obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Renal cell carcinoma ; VEGF expression ; Microvessel density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that may be involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Only a few data concerning the role of VEGF in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are available, and no studies have yet evaluated its prognostic value. The aim of the present study was to assess VEGF expression in a large series of renal tumors with a long follow-up, correlated with the usual histoprognostic factors and survival. VEGF immunostaining was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue from 74 renal carcinomas (62 conventional renal cell and 12 papillary carcinomas). Positivity of immunostaining was semi-quantitatively scored by two pathologists. Angiogenesis was evaluated by immunostaining with anti-CD34 antibodies on serial sections. Cytoplasmic VEGF expression was detected in tumor cells in 35% (26/74) of RCCs, including 18 out of the 62 (29%) conventional RCCs and 8 out of the 12 (67%) papillary carcinomas (P=0.02). In the group of conventional RCCs, VEGF expression was positively correlated with both nuclear grade (P=0.05) and size of the tumor (P=0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between VEGF expression and microvascular count (P=0.04). Finally, cumulative survival rate was significantly lower in the group of patients with conventional RCCs expressing VEGF (log rank test, P=0.01). In the Cox model, VEGF expression was a significant independent predictor of outcome, as well as stage and nuclear grade. This study suggests that VEGF is involved in angiogenesis in conventional RCCs and appears to be a potential prognostic factor in these tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Carcinoma of the bladder ; BCG therapy ; Immunohistochemical studies ; Leucocyte subpopulations ; Helper T lymphocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate leucocyte subpopulations in the bladders of patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma treated with BCG Pasteur. Leucocyte subsets were enumerated with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which included CD3, CD4, CD8, TQ1, Leu7, CD15, HLA-DR, CD25, CD22. We demonstrated in the bladders of patients treated with BCG a particular lymphocyte population; the major subset was an inducer (CD4+, TQ1-) which was activated (CD25+, HLA-DR+) and associated with polymorphonuclear eosinophils. There was neither inducer of suppression nor major cytotoxic/suppressive subsets. CD8+ and NK cells could not be the primary mediators of BCG activity. These data supported the hypothesis of a helper T lymphocyte activity associated with lymphokine production and activation of effector killer cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 9 (1987), S. 263-272 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Erection ; Erectile bodies ; Penis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'érection est due à un mécanisme vasculonerveux: vasculaire par l'apport de sang artériel et le freinage du retour veineux; la commande de ce mécanisme est d'origine nerveuse: contrôle du tissu musculaire lisse des corps caverneux par le système végétatif contrôlé par des centres médullaires réflexes ou corticaux acessibles à des stimulations multiples (visuelles); contrôle des muscles périnéaux par le système somatique. La tumescence est due à une réduction du tonus alpha-sympathique du tissu caverneux qui permet l'afflux de sang artériel, à une réduction du flux veineux par une compression du réseau veineux sous-albuginée par l'albuginée du corps caverneux. Lorsque cette gêne au retour veineux est réalisée, le flux artériel dans les corps caverneux diminue mais persiste; il existe un renouvellement du sang artériel sans séquestration dans les corps caverneux. La rigidité est due à une augmentation de la pression artérielle intra-caverneuse concomitante de la contraction des muscles périnéaux: ischio-caverneux, sous contrôle somatique par le nerf honteux.
    Notes: Summary Erection is due to a neurovascular mechanism: an inflow of arterial blood and an obstruction of venous return. The direction of this mechanism is of neurologic origin: (1) control of the smooth muscle tissue of the corpora cavernosa by the autonomic system controlled by reflex centers in the cord or cortical centers accessible to multiple (visual) stimuli (2) control of the perineal muscles by the somatic system. Tumescence is due to a reduction in the alpha-sympathetic tonus of the cavernous tissue permitting influx of arterial blood, and to decreased venous flow from compression of the subalbugineal venous network against the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosurn. Once this obstruction to the venous return has been achieved, the arterial flow in the corpora cavernosa decreases but persists; the arterial blood in the corpora cavernosa is renewed and not shut off. Rigidity is due to an increase in intracavernous arterial pressure simultaneous with contraction of the perineal muscles (ischiocavernosus) under the somatic control of the pudendal nerve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 15 (1993), S. 325-332 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Prostate ; Comparative anatomy ; Human anatomy ; Nomenclature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La prostate est l'objet de nomenclatures différentes et contradictoires. La nomenclature de la glande prostatique normale doit tenir compte des notions d'anatomie comparée, d'anatomie humaine, d'anatomie pathologique. Le but de ce travail est de faire, à partir d'une revue de la littérature, l'analyse des terminologies discordances, sources d'incompréhension, pour proposer une nomenclature simple respectant les règles anatomiques et les descriptions des principaux auteurs. Nous pensons qu'il faut proposer un schéma qui utilise les travaux des anatomistes comparés et les descriptions initiales d'Albarran, et relier toutes ces informations entre-elles. Il faut différencier prostate, glande prostatique, tissu fibro-musculaire péri-prostatique. Les glandes centrales sont celles qui se trouvent au centre de la prostate dans la paroi de l'urètre. Les glandes prostatiques elles mêmes se trouvent autour de l'urètre. On peut opposer au sein de ces glandes, les glandes crâniales situées autour des canaux éjaculateurs et qui se drainent au dessus du colliculus séminal (veru montanum) et les glandes caudales situées au dessous des conduits éjaculateurs qui se drainent dans l'urètre au dessous du colliculus séminal. Entre la paroi de l'urètre qui contient les glandes centrales et les glandes périphériques se trouve la zone transitionnelle.
    Notes: Summary The prostate has been given different and contradictory nomenclatures. The nomenclature of the normal prostatic gland must allow for the concepts of comparative anatomy, human anatomy and pathologic anatomy. The object of this study, based on a review of the literature, is to analyse the discordant terminologies, which give rise to misunderstandings, and to suggest a simple nomenclature conformant to anatomic rules and the descriptions of leading authors. It seems necessary to suggest a schema utilising the studies of comparative anatomists and the original descriptions of Albarran and correlating all this information. One must distinguish between the prostate, the prostatic gland and the periprostatic fibromuscular tissue. The central glands are those situated at the center of the prostate in the urethral wall. The prostatic glands themselves are found around the urethra. Within these glands there is a distinction between the cranial glands situated around the ejaculatory ducts, which drain above the seminal colliculus, and the caudal glands situated below the ejaculatory ducts which drain into the urethra below the colliculus. Between the wall of the urethra which contains the central glands and the peripheral glands is the transitional zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 16 (1994), S. 23-29 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Anatomy ; Prostatic innervation ; Computer reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La prostate d'un enfant de 10 ans, a été sectionnée au microtome en 4 300 coupes. Les nerfs ont été colorés avec un anticorps monoclonal anti PS 100 et toutes les informations ont été recueillies sur un programme informatisé. L'innervation de la prostate est très abondante, les fibres nerveuses de la prostate craniale (zone centrale) suivent une voie parallèle à la face antérieure des vésicules séminales, vers la prostate caudale. La zone péri-urétrale est richement innervée par des nerfs venant de la périphérie, la prostate caudale contient aussi de nombreuses fibres nerveuses de taille variable. Nous avons identifié un grand nombre de nerfs le long de la face antérieure des vésicules séminales et entourant les faces latérales de la capsule prostatique, elles pénètrent la capsule prostatique et toute la circonférence de la prostate caudale. La capsule prostatique est couverte par de nombreuses fibres nerveuses et des ganglions qui forment un véritable réseau nerveux péri prostatique. L'urètre est innervé par de nombreuses fibres de plus de 30 µm de diamètre.
    Notes: Summary The entire prostate of a 10 year old boy was cut with a microtome into 4300 serial slices. The nerves were stained using a monoclonal antibody called anti PS 100. All information was recorded using a computer reconstruction programme. The prostatic nerve supply is very abundant. The nerve fibers of the cranial prostate (central zone) follow a pathway parallel to the anterior surface of the seminal vesicles going towards the caudal prostate. The periurethral zone is widely innervated by nerves arising from the periphery. The caudal prostate also contains many nerve fibers of variable size. We identified many nerve fibers along the anterior surface of the seminal vesicles and surrounding the lateral aspect of the prostatic capsule. They penetrate the capsule and the whole circumference of the caudal prostate. The prostatic capsule is covered by numerous nerve fibers and ganglia, which form a true periprostatic nerve network. The urethra is supplied by numerous thick fibers of more than 30 µm in diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1997), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Penis ; Internal pudendal artery ; Impotence ; Prostatectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The arterial supply to the penis remains unclear. The frequency of occurrence and functional significance of accessory pudendal arteries remains controversial and it has been suggested that the presence of variations is correlated with atheromatous disease involving internal pudendal arteries. We dissected pelvic and penile arteries in 20 adult fresh male cadavers. The results are expressed according to age and the presence of atherosclerosis. Three patterns of penile arterial supply can be described: type I arising exclusively from internal pudendal arteries (3/20), type II arising from both accessory and internal pudendal arteries (14/20) and type III arising exclusively from accessory pudendal arteries (3/20). This study emphasizes the findings previously reported by early anatomists. No correlation between the presence of accessory pudendal arteries and the extent of atheroclerosis was observed. Accordingly we postulate that these variations are usually congenital. Terminal branches of accessory pudendal arteries mainly supply the corpora cavernosa. As they are located very close to the prostate, the risk of injury is high during radical prostatectomy. The possibility of impotence from such injury after radical prostatectomy needs therefore to be reconsidered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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