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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 103 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Doubled haploids of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar ‘Chris’ were analyzed for presence of variation in agronomic characters, isozyme patterns, and meiotic traits. Twenty-two doubled haploid lines and the parent cultivar were evaluated for days of heading, plant height, number of tillers per row, number of kernels per spike, 1,000 kernel weight, yield per tiller, and row yield. Leal material of selected doubled haploids and ‘Chris’ was analyzed by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for esterase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, and superoxide dismutase. Ring and rod configurations were scored at meiotic metaphase 1. The doubled haploids averaged significantly lower 1,000 kernel weight and yield per tiller than ‘Chris’. Although not significantly different, the doubled haploids were 19% lower in yield than ‘Chris’. Variations in isozyme patterns and meiotic abnormalities occurred in plants of selected doubled haploid lines that were significantly different from the parent cultivar in agronomic characters. These variations suggest that chromosomal abnormalities may have been responsible for altered enzyme activity and agronomic performance of the doubled haploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 710-710 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein durch Gammastrahlen induzierter multipler Chromosomenaustausch durch Translokation beiPennisetum typhoides beschrieben. Mehrfache Bestrahlung erzeugt komplexe Heterozygoten, in welchen bis 10 der 14 Chromosomen am «interchange» beteiligt sind. Höhere Zahlen wurden nicht erhalten, da das gametische Sieb möglicherweise drastischer wirkt, wenn mehr Chromosomen eine Translokation erfahren haben. Die Translokationsstämme werden benutzt um Aneuploidie bei Hirse zu erzeugen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Homoeologous chromosome pairing ; Ph1 pairing regulator ; Genome relationships ; Euhaploid ; Giemsa N-banding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chromosome pairing and chiasma frequency were studied in bread wheat euhaploids (2n = 3x = 21; ABD genomes) with and without the major pairing regulatorPh1. This constitutes the first report of chromosome pairing relationships among the A, B, and D genomes of wheat without the influence of an alien genome. AllPh1 euhaploids had very little pairing, with 0.62–1.05 rod bivalents per cell; ring bivalents were virtually absent and mean arm-binding frequency (c) values ranged from 0.050 to 0.086. In contrast, theph1b euhaploids had extensive homoeologous pairing, with chiasma frequency 7.5–11.6 times higher than that in thePh1 euhaploids. They had 0.53–1.16 trivalents, 1.53–1.74 ring bivalents, and 2.90–3.57 rod bivalents, withc from 0.580 to 0.629. N-banding of meiotic chromosomes showed strongly preferential pairing between chromosomes of the A and D genomes; 80% of the pairing was between these genomes, especially in the presence of theph1b allele. The application of mathematical models to unmarked chromosomes also supported a 2∶1 genomic structure of theph1b euhaploids. Numerical modeling suggested that about 80% of the metaphase I association was between the two most related genomes in the presence ofph1b, but that pairing under Ph1 was considerably more random. The data demonstrate that the A and D genomes are much more closely related to each other than either is to B. These results may have phylogenetic significance and hence breeding implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 508-510 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 511-519 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chromosome pairing ; Ph1 pairing regulator ; Genome analysis ; Giemsa C-banding ; Alien gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to transfer genes for salt tolerance and other desirable traits from the diploid wheatgrasses, Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n=2x=14; JJ genome) and Lophopyrum elongatum (2n=2x=14; EE genome), into durum wheat cv ‘Langdon’ (2n=4x=28; AABB genomes), trigeneric hybrids with the genomic constitution ABJE were synthesized and cytologically characterized. C-banding analysis of somatic chromosomes of the A, B, J, and E genomes in the same cellular environment revealed distinct banding patterns; each of the 28 chromosomes could be identified. They differed in the total amount of constitutive heterochromatin. Total surface area and C-banded area of each chromosome were calculated. The B genome was the largest in size, followed by the J, A, and E genomes, and its chromosomes were also the most heavily banded. Only 25.8% of the total chromosome complement in 10 ABJE hybrids showed association, with mean arm-pairing frequency (c) values from 0.123 to 0.180 and chiasma frequencies from 3.36 to 5.02 per cell. The overall mean pairing was 0.004 ring IV + 0.046 chain IV + 0.236 III + 0.21 ring II + 2.95 rod II + 20.771. This is total pairing between chromosomes of different genomes, possibly between A and B, A and J, A and E, B and J, B and E, and J and E, in the presence of apparently functional pairing regulator Ph1. Because chromosome pairing in the presence of Ph1 seldom occurs between A and B, or between J and E, it was inferred that pairing between the wheat chromosomes and alien chromosomes occurred. The trigeneric hybrids with two genomes of wheat and one each of Thinopyrum and Lophopyrum should be useful in the production of cytogenetic stocks to facilitate the transfer of alien genes into wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 865-871 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum L. ; Homoeologous pairing ; Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Alien gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract As the first step in the transfer of barely yellow dwarf virus resistance and salt tolerance from decaploid tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) into hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), octoploid intergeneric hybrids (2n = 8x = 56) were synthesized by crossing the tall wheatgrass cultivar ‘Alkar’ with wheat cvs. ‘Fukuhokomugi’ (‘Fuko’) and ‘Chinese Spring’. (‘Fuko’ x ‘Alkar’) F1 hybrids were studied in detail. The F1 hybrids were perennial and generally resembled the male wheatgrass parent with regard to morphological features and gliadin profile. Most hybrids were euploid with 56 chromosomes and showed high chromosome pairing. On an average, in 6 hybrids 83.6% of the complement showed chiasmatic association, some between wheat and wheatgrass chromosomes. Such a high homoeologous pairing would be obtained if Ph1, the major homoeologous pairing suppressor in wheat, was somehow inactivated. Some of the ‘Fuko’ x ‘Alkar’ hybrids had high pollen fertility (18.5–42.0% with a mean of 31.5%) and high seed fertility (3–29 seeds wtih a mean of 12.3 seeds per spike), offering excellent opportunities for their direct backcrossing onto the wheat parent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chromosome pairing ; Ph1 pairing regulator ; Isozymes ; Gliadins ; Biochemical markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The J and E genome species of the Triticeae are invaluable sources of salt tolerance. The evidence concerning the phyletic relatedness of the J genome of diploid Thinopyrum bessarabicum and the E genome of diploid Th. elongatum (=Lophopyrum elongatum) is discussed. Low level of chromosome pairing between J and E at different ploidy levels, suppression of J-E pairing by the Ph1 pairing regulator that inhibits homoeologous pairing, complete sterility of the diploid hybrids (JE), karyotypic divergence of the two genomes, differences in total content and distribution of heterochromatin along their chromosomes, and marked differences in gliadin proteins, isozymes, 5S DNA, and rDNA indicate that J and E are distinct genomes. Well-defined biochemical markers have been identified in the two genomes and may be useful in plant breeding. The level of distinction between J and E is comparable to that among the universally accepted homoeologous genomes A, B, and D of wheat. Therefore, the J and E genomes are homoeologous and not homologous, although some workers continue to call them homologous. The previous workers' data on chromosome pairing in diploid hybrids and/ or karyotypic differences in the conventionally stained chromosomes do not provide sufficient evidence for the proposed merger of J and E genomes (and, hence, of the genera Thinopyrum and Lophopyrum) specifically and for establishing genome relationships generally. Extra precautions should be exercised before changing the designation of an established genome and before merging two genera. A uniform, standardized system of genomic nomenclature for the entire Triticeae is proposed, which should benefit cytogeneticists, plant breeders, taxonomists, and evolutionists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 757-763 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Alien gene transfer ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Molecular markers ; Thinopyrum ; Triticum turgidum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The objective of this study was to detect the presence of alien chromatin in intergeneric hybrids of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum, 2n=4x=28; AABB genomes) with the perennial grass Thinopyrum junceiforme (2n=4x=28; J1J1J2J2) using RAPD markers. The first step was to identify amplification of species-specific DNA markers in the parental grass species and durum wheat cultivars. Initially, the genomic DNA of five grass species (Thinopyrum junceiforme, Th. bessarabicum, Lophopyrum elongatum, Leymus karataviensis and Elytrigia pycnantha) and selected durum cultivars (‘Langdon’, ‘Durox’, ‘Lloyd’, ‘Monroe’, and ‘Medora’) was screened with 40 oligonucleotide primers (nano-mers). Three oligonucleotides that amplified DNA fragments specific to a grass species or to a durum cultivar were identified. Primer PR21 amplified DNA fragments specific to each of the five durum cultivars, and primers PR22 and PR23 amplified fragments specific to each of the grass species. Intergeneric hybrids between the durum cultivars ‘Langdon’, ‘Lloyd’ and ‘Durox’ and Th. junceiforme, and their backcross (BC) progeny were screened with all 40 primers. Six primers amplified parent-specific DNA fragments in the F1 hybrids and their BC1 progeny. Three primers, PR22, PR23 and PR41, that amplified Th. junceiforme DNA fragments in both F1 and BC1 were further analyzed. The presence of an amplified 1.7-kb Th. junceiforme DNA fragment in the F1 hybrids and BC1 progeny was confirmed using Southern analysis by hybridization with both Th. junceiforme genomic DNA and Th. junceiforme DNA amplified with primer PR41. With the exception of line BC1F2 no. 5, five selfed progeny of BC1 and a BC2 of line 3 (BC1F2 no. 3בLloyd’) from a cross of ‘Lloyd’×Th. junceiforme showed the presence of the 1.7-kb DNA fragment. All selfed BC1 and BC2 lines retained the 600-bp fragment that was confirmed after hybridization with Th. junceiforme DNA amplified with primer PR22. Other experiments using RFLP markers also showed the presence of up to seven Th. junceiforme DNA fragments in the F1 hybrids and their BC progeny after hybridization with Th. junceiforme DNA amplified with primer PR41. These studies show the usefulness of molecular markers in detecting alien chromatin/DNA fragments in intergeneric hybrids with durum wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 872-877 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Bread wheat ; Barley ; Intergeneric ; hybrid ; Homoeologous chromosome pairing ; Gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract As initial step in the transfer of dwarf bunt resistance from barley into wheat, the two cereal crops were hybridized. Using the wheat cultivars ‘Fukuhokomugi’ and ‘Chinese Spring’ (AABBDD genomes) as female parents and barley cultivar ‘Luther’ (II genome) as male, we synthesized 9 euploid hybrids (2n = 4x = 28; ABDI genomes). The hybrids were vigorous, but highly sterile. Meiotic analyses of seven hybrids showed considerable variation in chromosome pairing. Of the hybrids involving ‘Fukuhokomugi’ 3 had high pairing with a mean of 5.08–6.72 chiasmata per cell, while others had 2.16–3.52 chiasmata per cell. As many as 12 bivalents in some pollen mother cells would suggest at least some pairing between wheat and barley chromosomes. This level of homoeologous pairing, coupled with some, albeit low, female fertility of the F1 hybrids, could offer an opportunity for intergeneric gene transfers from barley into wheat and vice versa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 12 (1969), S. 8-12 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Virusfreie Knollen der SortenUp-to-date undKufri Sindhuri wurden kurzfristig mit60Co Gammastrahlen (6 kR) und32P (150 μC/Knolle) entsprechend den von Jauhar und Swaminathan (1967) beschriebenen Methoden behandelt. Es entstanden verschiedenartige somatische Abweichungen. Diese umfassten Mutanten mit wulstigen Augen (Abb. 1) und augenlose Abnormitäten (Abb. 2), die durch die beiden Mutagene mit der in Tabelle 1 angegebenen Häufigkeit hervorgerufen wurden. Es wurde beobachtet, dass wulstigen Augen häufiger durch γ-Strahlen erzeugt wurden, während32P eine grössere Tendenz zeigte, augenlose Abnormitäten auszulösen. Bei den Mutanten mit wulstigen Augen entwickelte sich eine Haube oder eine Lappen über den Augen der Knolle. Manchmal bedecke dieser fleischige Lappen das ganze Auge. Eine Chimäre, die sowohl normale als auch anormale Knollen produzierte, wurde ebenfalls durch Gammastrahlen hervorgerufen. Die augenlosen Mutanten entwickelten keinerlei Augen; dafür entstanden oberflächliche Vertiefungen, die nicht in der Lage waren, einen Keim zu bilden. Es werden auch gewisse andere Veränderungen in Grösse und Form der Knollen sowie in der Textur der Schale bei den augenlosen Missbildungen der SorteUp-to-date beschrieben.
    Abstract: Résumé Des tubercules sans virus deUp-to-date etKufri Sindhuri ont été traités aux rayons pénétrants gamma60Co (6 kR) et32P (150 μC/tuber) suivant les méthodes aberrants décrites par Jauhar et Swaminathan (1967). Divers aberrants somatiques apparurent. Parmi ceux-ci des mutants avec yeux encapuchonnés (Fig. 1) et des aberrants sans yeux (Fig. 2), qui étaient induits par les deux mutgènes, à la fréquence indiquée au Tableau 1. On a observé que les yeux encapuchonnés étaient induits plus fréquemment par les rayons Y, tandis que32P avait davantage tendance à induire des aberrants sans yeux. Chez les mutants à yeux encapuchonnés, un capuchon ou un rebord se développait sur les yeux du tubercule, quelquefois cette enveloppe charnue couvrait la totalité de l'oeil. Une plante ‘chimère’ produisant à la fois des tubercules normaux et aberrants étaits également induite par les rayons gamma. Aucun oeil ne se développait sur les aberrants sans yeux; à l'emplacement des yeux se développaient des dépressions superficielles qui ne produisaient aucun germe. Les autcurs décrivent également d'autres modifications dans la grosseur et la forme des tubercules, la texture de la peau chez les aberrants sans yeux deUp-to-date.
    Notes: Summary Two mutants—the hooded-eye and eyeless—induced by 6 kR γ-rays and32P (150μC) in theUp-to-date andKufri Sindhuri varieties of potato are described in this paper. It was observed that while the hooded-eye was more frequently induced by γ-rays,32P had a greater tendency to induce eyeless aberrants. Certain other changes in the size and shape of tubers and tuber-skin texture in the eyeless aberrants inUp-to-date are also described. The eyeless mutants, which are incapable of propagation and obviously have no breeding or phylogenetic implications, have been termed ‘blind mutations’.
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