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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study, the relative distributions of two alternatively polyadenylated chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mRNA isoforms of approximately 1.5 and 1.9 kb were analysed in spleen cells from chickens homozygous for the MHC haplotypes B21 and B19v1 as well as in heterozygous B19v1/B21 birds. Both isoforms are likely to encode classical MHC class I (B-F) alpha chains. The B19v1 and B21 MHC haplotypes confer different levels of protection against Marek's disease (MD), which is caused by infection with MD virus (MDV). In spleen cells, MD-resistant B21 birds were shown to have the highest percentage of the 1.5 kb variant relative to the total MHC class I expression, MD-susceptible B19v1 birds the lowest and B19v1/B21 birds an intermediate percentage. Infection of 4-week-old chickens with the GA strain of MDV was shown to cause a significant increase in the relative amount of 1.5 kb transcripts in B21 birds 32 days postinfection (dpi). Alternatively polyadenylated mRNA isoforms may encode identical proteins, but differences in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) can influence polyadenylation, mRNA stability, intracellular localization and translation efficiency. It was shown that the increased 1.5 kb percentage in B21 birds 32 days postinfection may be a result of a change in the choice of poly(A) site rather than a locus-specific upregulated transcription of the BF1 gene that preferentially expresses the 1.5 kb variant. Furthermore, the 3′ end of the 1.5 kb mRNA variants deriving from B19v1 and B21 chickens was characterized by Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and sequencing. No potentially functional elements were identified in the 3′ UTR of the RACE products corresponding to this short isoform. However, variation in polyadenylation site was observed between the BF1 and BF2 mRNA transcripts and alternative splicing-out of the sequence (exon 7) encoding the second segment of the cytoplasmic part of the mature BF2*19 molecules. This alternative exon 7 splice variant was also detected in other MD-susceptible haplotypes, but not in the MD-resistant B21 and B21-like haplotypes, suggesting a potential role of exon 7 in MHC-related MD resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cellular changes in thin cell layer (TCL) explants of stem origin of Brassica napus L. cv. Vega were studied from 0 to 15 day by light and transmission electron microscopy. Apical and basal ends of the old explants were analysed separately. Quantitative and qualitative analyses showed that during the first culture day the parenchyma cells enlarged significantly as did the cytoplasm/vacuole ratio. The cytoplasm contained increased rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), polysomes and dictyosomes associated with both coated and uncoated vesicles. The cell enlargement continued during the first 5 days of culture. The structural organization of the cell wall became somewhat loose and inhomogeneous. Parenchyma in the basal end divided frequently, resulting in several centres of division, while cell division in apical cells was less frequent and cells there remained enlarged. Starch accumulation started on the first day and increased until the third day. i. e. until cell divisions became more frequent. The starch content of dividing cells gradually decreased and starch was almost totally lacking in 15-day-old explants. Starch grains remained numerous, however, in the large non-dividing apical cells, except in those cells adjacent to the medium. Cell divisions started close to medium in explants containing vascular tissue, but closer to the epidermis in the explants without vascular tissue.The results show how rapid (one day) striking changes in the cells take place and suggest that optimal hormone concentration and intertissue relations between epidermis and parenchyma and between parenchyma and vascular tissues as well as intercellular relations among parenchyma cells determine the first cell division sites and planes in the explants. Although the cells change from elongated to spheroid, their original polarity remains as evidenced by the formation of more numerous basal shoot primordia than in apical shoot primordia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 9 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Seventy patients met our inclusion criteria in this retrospective study, all with an arthroscopic/arthrotomic-verified isolated total anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-rupture and a minimum follow-up period of 3 years and no associated lesions. Due to emigration/death, 3 patients were not available for follow-up. Of the remaining 67, 25 patients underwent secondary ACL-reconstruction, equivalent to a failure rate of the initial non-operative treatment of 37%. All patients were initially treated conservatively. This left 42 patients for follow-up – 9 answered a questionnare and 33 went through follow-up examination after a median of 7.1 years (range 3.3–14.6) including IKDC-evaluation form. Lysholm & Tegner score, ES-SKA-score, clinical examination and Stryker Laxity test. In the present study all values represent the 33 patients available for follow-up. Soccer, handball and alpine skiing were most frequently responsible for the injury. We observed in the 33 patients a decline in median Lysholm score from 100 (90–100) pretraumatic to 86 (42–100) at follow-up, and a decrease in median Tegner values from 7 (3–9) pretraumatic to 5 (2–7) at follow-up. All but 2 patients demonstrated a decline in Lysholm score, and only 3 patients returned to their preinjury level. According to the ESSKA-classification, the number of “cutting-sports performers” declined dramatically from 24 to 2. All but one patient ascribed their decline in activity to their knee status. The Stryker-measured AP-translocations were significantly higher on the injured knee (7.27) compared to the healthy knee (4.80) (P〈0.05). Intermittant rest pain was suffered by 63% of the patients. During the time from inclusion until follow-up, 13 (39%) patients sustained an additional ipsilateral knee lesion, most commonly a tear of the medial meniscus. The overall outcome was expressed in a low frequency of return to unrestricted preinjury level of function, and a high level of instability complaints resulting in many secondary ACL-reconstructions. Naturally some have adapted to their ultimate functional disability, but only through modification of activities, and the overall outcome after conservative therapy of these ACL-ruptures was not satisfactory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 32 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Macropores play an important role in many soils in relation to ground-water contamination by providing preferential pathways from the root zone to the water table. Surface-applied agrochemicals may hereby be carried quickly to the shallow ground water. The reduced retention combined with a small contact area between the flowing water and the soil implies that little removal from physical, chemical, and microbiological processes may take place, thus increasing the risk of ground-water contamination.A laboratory procedure for evaluating the effect of macropores in a given soil is proposed and tested. The procedure involves the following sequence of experiments on two undisturbed soil monoliths: (1) measurements of the distribution of outflow, (2) measurements of breakthrough curves, (3) dye application for visual observation of macropores; and (4) horizontal slicing of the monoliths to measure macropore distribution and continuity of macropores. The experimental procedure is based on well-documented techniques that combined will provide evidence on the significance of macropores in relation to ground-water contamination and guidance for selecting the appropriate model for simulating flow and transport at the field in question.The laboratory procedure was tested on two large, undisturbed soil monoliths (30 cm in diameter) removed from the unsaturated zone at a clayey moraine agricultural field in Denmark. This soil was known to have many macropores. The investigations documented the strong influence of these structures on flow and transport suggesting that a traditional flow and transport model would be inadequate for simulating the processes occurring in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy 5 (1997), S. 66-71 
    ISSN: 1433-7347
    Keywords: Key words Anterior cruciate ; ligament ; Isolated partial rupture ; Knee laxity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Abstract The majority of previous studies on partial ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) include a relatively large proportion of knees with associated intra-articular injury or collateral ligament tear that contributes to an increase in the symptoms of instability and further deterioration of knee function. In the present study only patients with isolated, partial ruptures of the ACL were evaluated. Fifty-six patients with one injured knee were examined after a median of 5.3 (range 2.0–12.7) years using the IKDC evaluation form, Lysholm knee function score and Tegner activity score. Of the 56 knees, 6 underwent autologous reconstruction due to early progression to complete rupture. Of 34 knees evaluated for laxity, 25 had a negative Lachman test and 7 a positive (+) Lachman. In 2 knees a Lachman ++ result and a positive pivot shift were found. With instrumented laxity testing 24 knees had 2 mm or less difference in laxity compared with the contralateral uninjured knee. The largest side-to-side difference in knee laxity was 4.5 mm. Lysholm score was median 86 (range 52–100) points, and 62% had good or excellent knee function. A significant decline in activity was seen. Only 10 patients (30%) resumed their preinjury activities. We find that the majority of patients with an isolated, partial rupture of the ACL have an acceptable knee function and a stable knee after a median 5 years follow-up. There is, however, a marked reduction in activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words hydraulic testing ; groundwater hydraulics ; numerical modeling ; inverse modeling ; partially penetrating wells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce papier décrit les origines et la distribution des eaux souterraines salées de la Une modélisation numérique inverse a été mise en oeuvre pour analyser des essais de pompage en puits incomplets, pour trois puits dans un aquifère libre à Vejen (Danemark). Des études de terrain extensives avaient auparavant été réalisées, avec des essais de traçage, des slug tests et d'autres essais hydrauliques. Les données de rabattement provenant de nombreux piézomètres situés à différentes distances horizontales et verticales par rapport au puits de pompage ont été introduites en vue de l'optimisation. Les conductivités hydrauliques horizontales et verticales, l'emmagasinement spécifique et le rendement spécifique ont été estimés en supposant que l'aquifère était un milieu soit homogène avec une anisotropie verticale, soit composé de deux ou trois couches avec des propriétés hydrauliques différentes. Dans deux des trois cas, une interprétation plus approfondie a été réalisée avec un modèle multicouche défini sur la base d'informations lithostratigraphiques provenant de descriptions géologiques d'échantillons de sédiments, de logs gamma et de mesures de vitesse d'écoulement. L'analyse des essais de pompage a fourni des valeurs de conductivité hydraulique horizontale qui sont en accord avec celles obtenues à partir des slug tests et des mini slug tests. En plus de la conductivité hydraulique horizontale, il est possible de déterminer la conductivité hydraulique verticale, le rendement spécifique et l'emmagasinement spécifique à partir d'un essai de pompage sur un puits incomplet. L'étude montre que les essais de pompage sur des puits incomplets peuvent être analysés au moyen de modèles numériques inverses. Le modèle utilisé dans cette étude était un modèle d'écoulement aux éléments finis associéà un modèle régressif non linéaire. Un tel modèle peut accepter plus d'informations géologiques et des conditions aux limites complexes; la procédure d'estimation des paramètres peut être formalisée pour obtenir les estimations optimales des paramètres hydrauliques et leurs écarts types.
    Abstract: Resumen Se ha aplicado el problema inverso para analizar ensayos de bombeo en tres pozos parcialmente penetrantes localizados en un acuífero libre en Vejen, Dinamarca. En este lugar ya se habían realizado investigaciones previas, incluyendo ensayos de trazadores e hidráulicos. En la optimización se incluyeron datos de descensos medidos a distintas distancias y profundidades. Se estimó la conductividad hidráulica (K) horizontal y vertical, el almacenamiento específico y el caudal específico, bajo tres hipótesis: sistema homogéneo con anisotropía vertical o compuesto por dos o tres capas de diferentes propiedades hidráulicas. En dos de los tres casos se obtuvo una mejor interpretación con un modelo multicapa definido a partir de la información litoestratigráfica. Los valores resultantes para la K horizontal se corresponden con los obtenidos en ensayos slug y mini slug. Este estudio muestra que los ensayos de bombeo en pozos parcialmente penetrantes se pueden interpretar mediante el problema inverso. En este estudio se usó un modelo de flujo en elementos finitos, combinado con un modelo de regresión no lineal. Este modelo permite incluir una mayor información geológica y unas condiciones de contorno complejas. La estimación de parámetros se puede formalizar con el propósito de obtener, además de los estimadores óptimos de los parámetros, sus desviaciones estándar.
    Notes: Abstract  Inverse numerical modeling was applied to analyze pumping tests of partially penetrating wells carried out in three wells established in an unconfined aquifer in Vejen, Denmark, where extensive field investigations had previously been carried out, including tracer tests, mini-slug tests, and other hydraulic tests. Drawdown data from multiple piezometers located at various horizontal and vertical distances from the pumping well were included in the optimization. Horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities, specific storage, and specific yield were estimated, assuming that the aquifer was either a homogeneous system with vertical anisotropy or composed of two or three layers of different hydraulic properties. In two out of three cases, a more accurate interpretation was obtained for a multi-layer model defined on the basis of lithostratigraphic information obtained from geological descriptions of sediment samples, gammalogs, and flow-meter tests. Analysis of the pumping tests resulted in values for horizontal hydraulic conductivities that are in good accordance with those obtained from slug tests and mini-slug tests. Besides the horizontal hydraulic conductivity, it is possible to determine the vertical hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, and specific storage based on a pumping test of a partially penetrating well. The study demonstrates that pumping tests of partially penetrating wells can be analyzed using inverse numerical models. The model used in the study was a finite-element flow model combined with a non-linear regression model. Such a model can accommodate more geological information and complex boundary conditions, and the parameter-estimation procedure can be formalized to obtain optimum estimates of hydraulic parameters and their standard deviations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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