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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secular trends of caries prevalence in 6- and 12-year-old Dutch children (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 21 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract – Recently two papers have been published dealing with possible changes in the downward trend of caries experience among Dutch schoolchildren in the late 1980s. To answer the question if the decline of caries has come to an end. a meta-analysis was carried out on epidemiological data collected in 5-6 and 11-12-yr-old children between 1980 and 1990. From results of the present analysis it appears that after 1983 a halt in the decline of caries prevalence among 6-yr-olds occurred, whereas among 12-yr-olds, the earlier decrease in mean DMFS scores continued in the period 1980–89.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1993.tb00769.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of dental caries in 7–13-yr-old children in Morogoro District, Tanzania, in 1984, 1986, and 1988 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 18 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 4-yr mixed-longitudinal study to determine the prevalence of caries in 7–13-yr-old Tanzanian children was started in 1984. The parameters considered were age, locality, Socio-economic Status, and sex. Locality was composed of urban (Morogoro town), rural (Morogoro District), and rural areas in the District with an average fluoride level of 0.5 ppm or more in all drinking water present. SES was established based on the occupation of the father or mother and on housing conditions. Overall, the reproducibility of the dental conditions studied (D2MT/S and D3MT/S) was high, with lower scores for the conditions including early enamel lesions (D2MT/S). The reproducibility of the SES scoring system was high (χ= 0.96 and χ= 0.90), but the association over the 2 yr of measurement (1984 and 1988) was weak (r = 0.50). There were no restorations found. The percentage of children with caries increased with increasing age from 12–17% at age 7 to 37% at age 13. The statistical tests (ANOVA) revealed an age effect for all conditions studied in 1984, 1986, and 1988 and a locality effect in 1988 only. The mean D3MT-scores varied between 0.15 and 0.24 at age 7 to 0.76 at age 13, while the mean D3MS-scores varied between 0.27 and 0.31 at age 7 to 1.18 at age 13. In general, the caries prevalence observed was low. Children living in naturally fluoridated rural areas had significantly lower caries scores than children in non-fluoridated areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1990.tb00652.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of two indices of dental fluorosis in low, moderate and high fluorosis Tanzanian populations (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 22 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study aimed at comparing the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (TFI) and the Dean's Index (DI) which were applied on three communities with different seventy of dental fluorosis. A total of 1565 children aged between 11 and 18 yr with a mean age of 14.7 were examined for dental fluorosis with the TFI and 1155 of these children were also examined with the Dl. The measurement error for the TFI was 0.50 (10 scale point) compared to 0.53 for DI (6 scale point). The Kappa values and the measurement–remeasurement correlation appeared to be better for the TFI. No difficulties were encountered in applying the TFI in contrast to the Dl, which caused uncertainties in assessing the “questionable” and “very mild” scores. and this may explain the relatively belter reproducibility of the TFI. The correspondence between both indices was determined. TFI 0 corresponded well with DI 0. The conversion values for TFI 1, 2, 3 and 4 into DI scores were 0.3. 0.8, 1.4 and 2.4 respectively. The TFI 5–9 corresponded with DI score 4. TFI could discriminate the severe forms of dental fluorosis which were categorized in Dean's highest score 4. TFI was able to reveal more dental fluorosis than DI in communities with minor and moderate dental Chlorosis. In the community with severe dental fluorosis where more than 85% of all teeth exhibited a DI 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03015661:CDOE415:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 1, both indices revealed a comparable prevalence of dental fluorosis. The TFI is considered a near ideal instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1994.tb00789.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoride in drinking water and caries progression in a Tanzanian child population (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 19 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00139.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two types of intraoral distribution of fluorotic enamel (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 25 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Different distributions of fluorotic dental enamel within the dentition have been described in the literature. This report describes two patterns of intraoral distribution. In nine Tanzanian low fluorosis communities with a prevalence of pitting fluorosis of less than 2% and in live moderate fluorosis communities with a prevalence of pitting fluorosis of 16–59%, incisors and first molars were the least affected teeth. In four high fluorosis communities with a prevalence of pitting fluorosis of 86–97%, maxillary incisors exhibited lower Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index values than the maxillary canines, premolars and molars. The mandibular teeth exhibited increasing Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index values from the anterior to the posterior region. The curves presenting the intraoral distribution of the severity of dental fluorosis corresponded with the curve presenting the completion time of primary enamel formation of the various tooth types, with the exception of the first molars in high fluorosis communities. The similarity of the curves suggests that the later in life enamel is completed, the higher is the severity of dental fluorosis. This relation seems to be explained by the prevailing feeding and dietary habits, which result in minimal intake of fluoride in the first 18 months of life during breastfeeding, followed by increasing fluoride ingestion in the following years through consumption of tea, seafish and F-containing magadi salt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00936.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caries prevalence ratios in a Tanzanian child population (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 17 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The use of risk ratios, odds ratios and prevalence ratios is limited within dental epidemiological research. These measures of association have been applied to relate the risk indicators’geographical location and sex to the caries prevalence in the maxilla, the mandible and the total dentition of 7–11-yr-old Tanzanian schoolchildren examined in 1986. The risk indicators were studied by means of odds ratio, using logistic regression. There were no associations found between the risk indicators studied and caries prevalence in the maxilla and the total dentition: a significant association was found only in the mandible. This resulted in girls having a greater (PR= 1.4) chance of developing caries than boys, and children living in naturally fluoridated (〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03015661:CDOE227:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉0.5 ppm) rural areas having a lower (PR = 0.5) chance of developing caries than those living in urban and rural areas
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1989.tb00621.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dental fluorosis and the use of a high fluoride-containing trona tenderizer (magadi) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 25 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has recently been suggested that magadi, a high-fluoride trona, which is added in cooking to tenderize certain vegetables and beans in two villages in Tanzania, significantly contributed to the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis. This report aims to substantiate the significance of magadi as a determinant of dental fluorosis. Eighteen villages in four geographical areas (districts) with water supplies containing 0.2 to 0.8 mg/L of fluoride were selected. All schoolchildren aged 12 to 17 years (n= 1566) who had been born and raised in these villages were examined for dental fluorosis according to the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index. Dietary history was recorded. The fluoride content of magadi samples was determined and the urinary fluoride excretion of pre-schoolchildren was assessed. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in nine coastal villages where tea and seafish were regularly consumed ranged from 7% to 46%. Severe (pitting) dental fluorosis was rarely seen. The low fluorosis levels observed in non-magadi consuming communities in coastal villages indicate that a fluoride content of up to 0.8 mg/L in drinking water is acceptable under the prevailing conditions of temperature and diet. In contrast, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in nine villages located inland at 1500 m altitude, where fluoride-containing magadi was consumed, ranged from 53% to 100%, and severe (pitting) fluorosis was highly prevalent, ranging from 18% to 97%. The village with the highest fluoride content in the magadi samples collected showed the highest level of fluorosis. The urinary fluoride excretion of pre-schoolchildren from different villages corresponded with the level of fluorosis and the fluoride content in the magadi samples of the respective villages. Data on dental fluorosis from the magadi-consuming communities provide strong evidence that consumption of magadi was the major determinant of the observed high prevalence and severity of fluorosis in inland villages at 1500 m altitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00917.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding and type of tooth cleaning device in a Tanzanian child population in 1984,1986 and 1988 (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 1984, 1986 and 1988 a mixed-longitudinal study was carried out to determine the prevalence of plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding and type of tooth cleaning device amongst school children in Morogoro, Tanzania. The background parameters considered were age, geographical location and sex. The reproducibility of the methods of diagnosis was assessed. In general, more children possessed a chewing stick than a toothbrush, except urban children. The prevalence of visible plaque decreased and the prevalence of calculus increased with increasing age. Gingival bleeding was not age-dependent. Urban children had significantly more surfaces covered with visible plaque, but had a significantly lower prevalence of calculus, than rural children. Boys showed a significantly higher prevalence of visible plaque and calculus than girls. In the majority of those with gingival bleeding, only 1 of the 6 examined papillae was involved, most often the mesio-lingual papilla of the 3.6. The children had not been subjected to organized oral health care and professional intervention. The findings of the study indicate the need for organized school-based oral hygiene programmes in the area in order to improve the periodontal health of these children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00095.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dental caries in 5-, 7-, 9- and 11-year-old schoolchildren during a 9-year dental health campaign in The Hague (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 9 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the autumn of 1969, 1972, 1975 and 1978 clinical and radiographic dental examinations were carried out on about 800 children in The Hague of kindergartens, and 2nd, 4th and 6th grades of elementary schools. The aim of this investigation was to assess what changes, if any, in dental health may have taken place as a result of the campaign ‘Haagse Aktie’, based on dietary and dental health education. In the 5-, 7- and 9-year-old children no differences in dental health were found between 1969 and 1972. The first considerable improvement was found in 1975, especially in children from high social levels. In 1978 the children showed an even better dental health, compared with 1975. In the 5-year-old children the average dsmfs was 6.8. The average D3MFS in children of 7, 9 and 11 years of age in 1978 was 1.8, 3.9 and 8.2. At all socioeconomic levels the improvement of dental health was due to a considerable increase in the percentage of caries free children between 1975 and 1978; 27.6%, 51.8%, 21.2% and 7.4%, respectively, of the 5-, 7-, 9- and 11-year-old children were caries free in 1978, compared with 10.0%, 14.2%, 3.1 % and 0.9% in 1975. However, the reason for the reduction in caries is not known: it can only be the subject of speculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1981.tb01029.x
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