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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding and type of tooth cleaning device in a Tanzanian child population in 1984,1986 and 1988 (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 1984, 1986 and 1988 a mixed-longitudinal study was carried out to determine the prevalence of plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding and type of tooth cleaning device amongst school children in Morogoro, Tanzania. The background parameters considered were age, geographical location and sex. The reproducibility of the methods of diagnosis was assessed. In general, more children possessed a chewing stick than a toothbrush, except urban children. The prevalence of visible plaque decreased and the prevalence of calculus increased with increasing age. Gingival bleeding was not age-dependent. Urban children had significantly more surfaces covered with visible plaque, but had a significantly lower prevalence of calculus, than rural children. Boys showed a significantly higher prevalence of visible plaque and calculus than girls. In the majority of those with gingival bleeding, only 1 of the 6 examined papillae was involved, most often the mesio-lingual papilla of the 3.6. The children had not been subjected to organized oral health care and professional intervention. The findings of the study indicate the need for organized school-based oral hygiene programmes in the area in order to improve the periodontal health of these children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00095.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dental caries in 5-, 7-, 9- and 11-year-old schoolchildren during a 9-year dental health campaign in The Hague (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 9 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the autumn of 1969, 1972, 1975 and 1978 clinical and radiographic dental examinations were carried out on about 800 children in The Hague of kindergartens, and 2nd, 4th and 6th grades of elementary schools. The aim of this investigation was to assess what changes, if any, in dental health may have taken place as a result of the campaign ‘Haagse Aktie’, based on dietary and dental health education. In the 5-, 7- and 9-year-old children no differences in dental health were found between 1969 and 1972. The first considerable improvement was found in 1975, especially in children from high social levels. In 1978 the children showed an even better dental health, compared with 1975. In the 5-year-old children the average dsmfs was 6.8. The average D3MFS in children of 7, 9 and 11 years of age in 1978 was 1.8, 3.9 and 8.2. At all socioeconomic levels the improvement of dental health was due to a considerable increase in the percentage of caries free children between 1975 and 1978; 27.6%, 51.8%, 21.2% and 7.4%, respectively, of the 5-, 7-, 9- and 11-year-old children were caries free in 1978, compared with 10.0%, 14.2%, 3.1 % and 0.9% in 1975. However, the reason for the reduction in caries is not known: it can only be the subject of speculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1981.tb01029.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caries prevalence ratios in a Tanzanian child population (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 17 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The use of risk ratios, odds ratios and prevalence ratios is limited within dental epidemiological research. These measures of association have been applied to relate the risk indicators’geographical location and sex to the caries prevalence in the maxilla, the mandible and the total dentition of 7–11-yr-old Tanzanian schoolchildren examined in 1986. The risk indicators were studied by means of odds ratio, using logistic regression. There were no associations found between the risk indicators studied and caries prevalence in the maxilla and the total dentition: a significant association was found only in the mandible. This resulted in girls having a greater (PR= 1.4) chance of developing caries than boys, and children living in naturally fluoridated (〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03015661:CDOE227:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉0.5 ppm) rural areas having a lower (PR = 0.5) chance of developing caries than those living in urban and rural areas
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1989.tb00621.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodontal treatment need of the Dutch 15–74-year-old population (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 20 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1992.tb01707.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secular trends of caries prevalence in 6- and 12-year-old Dutch children (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 21 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract – Recently two papers have been published dealing with possible changes in the downward trend of caries experience among Dutch schoolchildren in the late 1980s. To answer the question if the decline of caries has come to an end. a meta-analysis was carried out on epidemiological data collected in 5-6 and 11-12-yr-old children between 1980 and 1990. From results of the present analysis it appears that after 1983 a halt in the decline of caries prevalence among 6-yr-olds occurred, whereas among 12-yr-olds, the earlier decrease in mean DMFS scores continued in the period 1980–89.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1993.tb00769.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of dental caries in 7–13-yr-old children in Morogoro District, Tanzania, in 1984, 1986, and 1988 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 18 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 4-yr mixed-longitudinal study to determine the prevalence of caries in 7–13-yr-old Tanzanian children was started in 1984. The parameters considered were age, locality, Socio-economic Status, and sex. Locality was composed of urban (Morogoro town), rural (Morogoro District), and rural areas in the District with an average fluoride level of 0.5 ppm or more in all drinking water present. SES was established based on the occupation of the father or mother and on housing conditions. Overall, the reproducibility of the dental conditions studied (D2MT/S and D3MT/S) was high, with lower scores for the conditions including early enamel lesions (D2MT/S). The reproducibility of the SES scoring system was high (χ= 0.96 and χ= 0.90), but the association over the 2 yr of measurement (1984 and 1988) was weak (r = 0.50). There were no restorations found. The percentage of children with caries increased with increasing age from 12–17% at age 7 to 37% at age 13. The statistical tests (ANOVA) revealed an age effect for all conditions studied in 1984, 1986, and 1988 and a locality effect in 1988 only. The mean D3MT-scores varied between 0.15 and 0.24 at age 7 to 0.76 at age 13, while the mean D3MS-scores varied between 0.27 and 0.31 at age 7 to 1.18 at age 13. In general, the caries prevalence observed was low. Children living in naturally fluoridated rural areas had significantly lower caries scores than children in non-fluoridated areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1990.tb00652.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between restorations in the permanent dentition produced by hand and rotary instrumentation – survival after 3 years (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 31 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract –Objectives: In the early 1990s, the Ministry of Education in Syria introduced a school oral health programme based on preventive and educational activities only. A restorative component was missing at that time. A few years later, the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) approach was considered an option to complement the oral health programme but little was known about the longevity of ART restorations in permanent teeth. The null hypothesis which was researched in this trial was: there is no difference between the survival of restorations placed through the ART approach using glass ionomer and those produced through the traditional approach using amalgam (MTA) in permanent dentitions after 3 years.Methods: Using a parallel group design, 679 grade 2 children, with a mean age of 7.5 years, participated. A total of 369 children were treated through the ART and 310 children through the MTA approach. Eight dentists produced a total of 1118 single- and multiple-surface restorations.Results: The 3-year dropout of the single-surface restorations was 15.3%. Testing the null hypothesis for all single- and multiple-surface restorations revealed a statistically significant difference between the two approaches in favour of the ART approach (P = 0.04). The study showed a 3-year cumulative survival percentage of single-surface ART and MTA restorations of 82.1 (SE = 1.9%) and 76.9% (SE = 2.3%), respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. The number of 3-year surviving multiple-surface restorations was too low for further analyses. The main failure characteristics for both single-surface ART and MTA restorations were restoration missing and gross marginal defect. The 3-year survival percentage of both single-surface ART and MTA restorations varied widely among the eight operators resulting in an operator effect (P = 0.01).Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected in favour of the ART approach. It is recommended to select the ART approach to complement the educational and preventive activities of the school oral health programme in Syria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2003.00027.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoride in drinking water and caries progression in a Tanzanian child population (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 19 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00139.x
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