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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanolithography with an atomic force microscope for integrated fabrication of quantum electronic devices (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 1775-1777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe a novel technique using an atomic force microscope (AFM) for integrated nanometer-scale lithography on various mask materials such as photoresist or gold covering a mesa-etched GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructure at ambient conditions. The generated patterns can be transferred to the two-dimensional electron gas by wet chemical etching or by ion beam irradiation. We succeed in fabricating hole arrays with a periodicity down to 35 nm and a hole diameter of only a few nanometers. In magnetoresistance studies on so-called antidot devices with 95 nm period at T=4.2 K we can clearly observe commensurability oscillations, demonstrating the successful pattern transfer to the electron system. With the AFM we can also pattern lines of varying width and depth into prefabricated devices. © 1994 American Institue of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112914
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryothecomonas aestivalis sp. nov., a colourless nanoflagellate feeding on the marine centric diatomGuinardia delicatula (Cleve) Hasle (1996)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 50 (1996), S. 497-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The vegetative life cycle, host specificity, morphology, and ultrastructure of a new phagotrophic nanoflagellate are described:Cryothecomonas aestivalis Drebes, Kühn & Schnepf sp. nov. During summer and autumn it is frequently found in the North Sea phytoplankton feeding on the centric diatomGuinardia delicatula. The flagellate penetrates the diatom cell and phagocytizes the host cytoplasm by means of a pseudopodium that emerges from the posterior cell pole. The mature trophont gives rise to eight or more biflagellate swarmers which leave the emptied diatom frustule. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a delicate theca surrounding the swarmers. The pseudopodium protrudes through a gap in the theca. The cytostome consists of a membranous labyrinth. The mitochondria are of the tubular type. The two apically inserted flagella are heterodynamic and of unequal length. They are smooth, and their basal bodies are surrounded by satellites and fibrous strands (“transitional fibres” sensu Thomsen et al., 1990). In the trophonts and dividing flagellates the transition region between the flagellum and the basal body ends apically with a massive transitional cylinder instead of distinct microtubules, and is surrounded by a funnel of the theca. The nuclear envelope disintegrates during mitosis. Due to the fine structural details the new flagellate is placed in the genusCryothecomonas Thomsen et al., a genus of still uncertain position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367163
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food uptake and fine structure of Cryothecomonas longipes sp. nov., a marine nanoflagellate incertae sedis feeding phagotrophically on large diatoms (2000)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 54 (2000), S. 18-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Keywords: Key words Cryothecomonas longipes ; Marine diatoms ; Nanoflagellate ; Parasitoid ; Phagocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Cryothecomonas longipes Schnepf and Kühn sp. nov. is a colourless biflagellate organism, 9–14 µm long and 7–9 µm wide when not filled with food vacuoles. It was detected in the North Sea, feeding with pseudopodia on diatoms. It penetrates the host shell, while the main body of the flagellate remains outside the frustule. Cells are covered with a multilayered theca. The pseudopodium protrudes through a preformed slit in the theca. Each flagellum also emerges through a pit in which the theca forms a funnel of complex structure that girdles each flagellum. The anterior flagellum is 9–15 µm long and oriented forward; the ventral flagellum, posteriorly directed, is 20–24 µm long and bears fine hairs. The flagellar roots consist of microtubules that emerge at satellites around the basal bodies and run along the flagellar pits. In addition, the ventral flagellum is accompanied by a band of six microtubules. It is proximally attached to a small fibrillar band, which interconnects the basal bodies. Cryothecomonas longipes has two or three types of extrusomes which pierce the theca when discharged. Their mode of discharge is discussed. Microbody-like vesicles containing small tubules are closely associated with older digestion vacuoles. Cryothecomonas longipes is compared with other species of the genus and a diagnosis is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101520050032
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Five new species of the nanoflagellatePirsonia in the German Bight, North Sea, feeding on planktic diatoms (1996)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 50 (1996), S. 205-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The structure, development, and host range of five newly detected species of the phagotrophic nanoflagellatePirsonia are described. They feed on planktic diatoms common in the North Sea:P. verrucosa sp. nov. (onRhizosolenia delicatula), P. formosa sp. nov. (onRhizosolenia setigera), P. diadema sp. nov. (onCoscinodiscus granii andC. wailesii), P. eucampiae (onEucampia zodiacus) andP. mucosa sp. nov. (onRhizosolenia shrubsolei). The occurrence of resting cysts inPirsonia guinardiae is reported. The impact ofPirsonia on phytoplankton communities is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367152
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theory of the adaptive growth of biological materials (2000)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 70 (2000), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Mixture theory ; adaptive growth ; tree ; bone remodeling ; biomechanics ; stimulus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary In this paper, a new theory of the adaptive growth of biological materials is presented. The theory is derived from the basic laws of continuum mechanics. The material is described as a classical mixture of solid material and fluid. It will be shown that several well-known models of the adaptive growth are embedded in this more general theory. In addition, it is clarified on which material assumptions these models are based. Finally, a solution procedure for the new theory is developed, and several examples are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004199900056
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The histochemical behaviour, electrophoretic mobility and distribution in cell fractions of acid phosphatase isozymes in prostatic cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (1979)
    Springer
    International urology and nephrology 11 (1979), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acid phosphatase isozymes were investigated in cancerous prostatic tissue (4 cases) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (6 cases). Electron-microscopic histochemical examination of cancer tissue revealed irregular acid β-glycerophosphatase staining in various cell organelles, including the plasma membrane, which was not seen in non-malignant tissue. Cancerous tissue homogenates also contained isozymic acid phosphatase species with high electrophoretic mobility, which was not detectable in benign tissue unless treated with detergent. Fractionation by differential centrifugation confirmed that much of the acid phosphatase activity in cancer tissue was extra-lysosomal. The detection of these isozyme properties may provide an opportunity, by means of tissue investigations, to define tumour stages earlier than on the basis of increased levels of serum acid phosphatase activity indicative of stage IV (D) prostatic cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02082231
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IS4 is found between eleven or twelve base pair duplications (1979)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 175 (1979), S. 369-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three mutations caused by the integration of IS4 in galT in both possible orientations were shown by DNA sequence analysis to be integrated between a duplication of eleven base pairs of gene galT. IS4 has been cloned from its single position on the E. coli K12 chromosome. Here, 12 base pairs are duplicated adjacent to IS4. This sequence is unrelated to the duplicated sequence in galT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397237
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sequence of IS4 (1981)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 181 (1981), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary IS-elements are devoid of easily recognizable transacting functions and exert their visible effects in the position cis only (recent reviews Calos and Miller 1980; Starlinger 1980). It has been a matter of debate, whether these elements encode functions for their own transposition. In the case of the E. coli IS-elements this could not easily be determined by genetic methods, because most of these elements are present in several copies (Saedler and Heiss 1973; Deonier et al. 1979). In the case of the IS-elements flanking transposons, evidence has recently been brought forward that these carry the transposition specificity (Rothstein et al. 1980; Kleckner 1980; Grindley 1981). IS4 is present in one copy only in several E. coli K12 strains and should, therefore, be suitable for genetic and physiological studies (Chadwell et al. 1979). It has been cloned from several sites on the E. coli chromosome in pBR322 (Klaer and Starlinger 1980). Here we report the DNA sequence of IS4 which contains an open reading frame for 442 amino acids, and of the junctions of this element with surrounding DNA at three different sites in E. coli chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268423
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Close vicinity of IS1 integration sites in the leader sequence of the gal operon of E. coli (1979)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 167 (1979), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four insertions of IS1 in the leader sequence of the gal operon of E. coli have been analysed. Two of them occur at the same position, but in opposite orientations. The other two are inserted one nucleotide to one side and four nucleotides to the other side, respectively. In each case, nine base pairs of the leader sequence of the gal operon are duplicated directly, and are found flanking the termini of IS1 at its junction with the gal operon. These repeated sequences differ from each other as expected from the different insertion sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267414
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pflanzenchemie (1942)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 124 (1942), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01393167
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