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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitized Ho3+ up-conversion luminescence in Nd3+–Yb3+–Ho3+ co-doped ZrF4-based glass (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 909-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: As previously reported, a selectively strong green emission due to the Ho3+: (5F4, 5S2)→5I8 transitions is observed in Nd3+–Ho3+ co-doped ZrF4-based fluoride glasses under 800 nm excitation. As an attempt to more enhance Ho3+ up-conversion luminescences in the Nd3+–Ho3+ co-doped ZrF4-based glasses, Yb3+ ions were added to the glasses. As a result it was found that, in 800 nm excitation of 60ZrF4⋅30BaF2⋅(8−x)LaF3⋅1NdF3⋅xYbF3⋅1HoF3 glasses (x=0 to 7), sensitized up-conversion luminescences are observed at around 490 nm (blue), 545 nm (green), and 650 nm (red), which correspond to the Ho3+: 5F3→5I8, (5F4, 5S2)→5I8, and 5F5→5I8 transitions, respectively. The intensities of the green and red emissions in a 3 mol % YbF3-containing glass were about 50 times stronger than those in no YbF3-containing glass. This is based on sensitization due to Yb3+ ions. In particular, the green emission is extremely strong so that the Nd3+–Yb3+ –Ho3+ co-doped ZrF4-based glasses have a high possibility of realizing a green up-conversion laser glass. Up-conversion processes for the blue, green, and red emissions were two-photon processes assisted by Nd3+→Yb3+→Ho3+ energy transfer. The up-conversion mechanism in the glasses is discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370822
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Judd–Ofelt parameters and multiphonon relaxation of Ho3+ ions in ZnCl2-based glass (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 4944-4950 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectroscopic properties of Ho3+-doped ZnCl2-based glasses are investigated. The Ω2 value of the glass is especially large compared with those in fluoride glasses while the Ω4 and Ω6 parameters are relatively small. Decay measurements for three excited states 5F5, 5S2+5F4, and 5F2,3+3K8 were performed and multiphonon relaxation (MPR) rates of the respective states were estimated. The experimental data are approximately on a line expressed by WMPR=C exp(−αΔE) with C=5.0×107 s−1 and α=4.0×10−3 cm. The host-dependent constant C is very small, contributing to high quantum efficiencies of emissions. The Ho3+ concentration dependence of the fluorescence lifetime of the 5F5 and 5S2+5F4 levels was also investigated. The concentration quenching of the 5S2+5F4 level can be explained by the cross-relaxation mechanism: 5S2→5I4 and 5I7←5I8 transitions. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1337586
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of fast response calorimeter for neutral beam shine-through measurement on CHS : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 586-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A fast response calorimeter has been developed for the neutral-beam (NB) shine-through measurement. This calorimeter has the following advantages. (1) Temporal variation of the heat load onto the calorimeter can be measured. (2) Measurement under the relatively high heat flux environment is possible. (3) The calorimetric measurement under continuous and steady-state heat load environment is also possible. The verification of the measurement principle was done using an NB-injection system on the compact helical system (CHS) at the National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS). The measured NB power densities are compared to the power densities being evaluated by the CHS-NB profile database. It was experimentally confirmed that the time constant of the measurement is about 7 ms. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1324740
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Faraday effect of GaS3/2–GeS2–LaS3/2-based glasses containing various rare-earth ions (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 5297-5300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sulfide glasses of 50GaS3/2⋅20GeS2⋅20LaS3/2⋅10LnSn/2 (Ln=rare earth ions, n=2 for Eu and 3 for other ions) compositions have been prepared. The wavelength dispersions in the Faraday effect of the glasses have been examined. Glasses containing LaS3/2 and YS3/2 have positive Verdet constants in the wavelength region from 550 to 850 nm, and the magnitude of the Verdet constants decreases with increasing wavelength. On the other hand, the Verdet constants of glasses containing Eu2+ and Ce3+ are negative, and the absolute magnitude of the Verdet constants decreases with increasing wavelength. The effective transition wavelengths of glasses containing various paramagnetic rare-earth ions have been calculated based on the Van Vleck and Hebb theory. Factors determining the Verdet constants of these glasses are discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363517
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical absorption and multiphonon relaxation of Nd3+ ions in ZnCl2-based glass (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 882-884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical absorption and multiphonon relaxation have been investigated for Nd3+-doped ZnCl2-based glass. The intensity parameters for radiative transitions of Nd3+ were determined to be Ω2=4.97×10−20 cm2, Ω4=7.39×10−20 cm2 and Ω6=5.12×10−20 cm2. All of the Ωt parameters, especially Ω4, of Nd3+ in the ZnCl2-based glass were large compared with those reported for oxide and fluoride glasses. Multiphonon relaxation rates for three emission levels of Nd3+ were determined from lifetime measurements. The multiphonon relaxation rates in the ZnCl2-based glass were extremely low, because of the low-phonon-energy of the matrix. Values were found to obey the energy-gap law in the same manner as the values in Er3+-doped ZnCl2-based glasses. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120924
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical transitions of Er3+ ions in ZnCl2-based glass (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 6259-6266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical absorption and emission properties of Er3+ ions in ZnCl2-based glasses are investigated. The electric dipole line strengths for various transitions were estimated from the measured optical absorption spectra. The spontaneous emission probabilities for various transitions were predicted using the Judd–Ofelt theory. Among Ωt (t=2, 4, 6) phenomenological intensity parameters, the Ω2 value is larger than that measured for ZrF4-based glass. On the contrary, the Ω4 and Ω6 values are comparatively small. Multiphonon relaxation rates follow a so-called "energy-gap law" which is given by WMPR=C exp(−αΔE). The C value is quite smaller than that of the ZrF4-based glass by about two orders of magnitude. This result is attributed to the very low-phonon-energy of the chloride glass matrix. On the other hand, the α value is almost the same as those of other glass hosts. Because of the low-phonon-energy and the host-independent α value, the electron–phonon coupling constant ε of the ZnCl2-based glass is extremely large compared with those of oxide and fluoride glasses. It was also found that several emissions due to transitions between the excited 4 f-levels are detectable, which are hardly observed in other glass hosts. Radiative quantum efficiency is definitively high even for emitting levels of which the energy-gap to the next-lower level is small. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366545
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical transitions and frequency upconversion emission of Er3+ ions in Ga2S3–GeS2–La2S3 glasses (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectroscopic properties of Er3+ in Ga2S3–GeS2–La2S3 glasses are investigated on the basis of the spontaneous emission probabilities calculated by the use of the Judd–Ofelt theory and lifetime data. Frequency upconversion spectra are also measured with excitation at 800 and 980 nm. The spontaneous emission probabilities are much larger than those of the other glass systems such as oxides and fluorides. This is mainly attributed to the large refractive indices of the sulfide glasses. The quantum efficiencies of 4I11/2 and 4F9/2 levels are comparable or larger than the typical values of Er3+ in a fluoride glass. This is a consequence of the large spontaneous emission probabilities and low phonon energies of the sulfide glasses. However, the quantum efficiency of the 4S3/2 level is less than one-half of the value in the fluoride glass. The nonradiative transition probability of the 4S3/2 level is much larger than the value which is evaluated from the multiphonon relaxation theory. This suggests the presence of the other nonradiative relaxation process in addition to the multiphonon relaxation. This process is considered to be the energy transfer from the excited Er3+ to the band-gap excitation of the matrix glass. In upconversion spectra, the 497 nm emission from the 4F7/2 level is observed in addition to the red (665 nm) and the green (533 and 552 nm) emission bands. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366696
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evanescent-field amplification in Nd3+-doped fluoride planar waveguide (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2012-2014 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Planar channel waveguides of rare-earth doped fluoride glass are demonstrated with single mode excitation and propagation losses below 3 dB/cm. The waveguide core was fabricated by Ag+–Na+ molten salt ion exchange process in a borosilicate glass (BGG31), and a Nd3+-doped ZBLAN glass was used as a cladding. A 0.45 dB signal amplification at 1.064 μm was observed in the fabricated 1 cm long waveguide, and a 0.9 dB amplification is expected at the emission peak (1.049 μm). Modeling results show 2.5 dB/cm potential gain with the improvement in surface flatness of ZBLAN glass. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116863
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanospot welding of carbon nanotubes (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1169-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles protruding from the SWNT layers on self-aligned Sn apexes were brought to a distance of 30 nm by a scanning tunneling microscope inside a transmission electron microscope. A straight bundle on the tip could be observed in situ in contact electrostatically with a looped bundle on the sample by applying tip bias voltages above 2.0 V. The bundles were welded at the nanometer size contact area by local Joule heating. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1395535
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonradiative decay processes and mechanisms of frequency upconversion of Er3+ in ZrF4–BaF2–LaF3 glass (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 2940-2945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the decay processes of the Er:4S3/2 and 4F9/2 states and the mechanisms of frequency upconversion under 800 nm excitation of Er3+ in ternary ZrF4–BaF2–LaF3 glasses. The decay processes of the Er:4S3/2 and 4F9/2 states are discussed on the basis of the Er concentration dependence of the fluorescence lifetime. The quantum efficiencies of emission of the 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 states are 73% and 25%, respectively. The difference in the quantum efficiencies between these states can be explained from the difference in the multiphonon decay rates: the multiphonon decay rate of the 4S3/2 state is much smaller than that of the 4F9/2 state. The multiphonon relaxation is a dominant nonradiative decay process of the 4F9/2 state. A dominant nonradiative decay process of the 4S3/2 state is self-quenching at high Er concentrations. The upconversion mechanisms under 800 nm excitation are also investigated from the dependence of upconversion luminescence on excitation wavelengths (800 and 980 nm), excitation laser power, and Er concentration. The mechanism of upconversion from 800 to 660 nm is mainly due to the energy transfer between the 4I9/2→4I13/2 and 4F9/2←4I11/2 transitions. We also show that the upconversion from 800 to 550 nm is due to excited-state absorption. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364324
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