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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Survey of the Anther Culture Response of Brassica oleracea L. Cultivars Grown Under Field Conditions (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 104 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Anther culture studies were conducted on a wide variety of different vegetable Brassica oleracea L. cultivars grown under field conditions. Representative selections were included from different varieties including: broccoli, var. italica; heading broccoli, var. botrytis; Brussels sprouts, var. gemnifera; Chinese Kale, var. alboglabra; Kales, vars. acephala, medullosa, ramosa, selensia; cauliflower, var. botrytis; kohlrabi, var. gongylodes; and cabbage, vars. capitata and sabanda. At least some microspore derived embryos were recovered from the majority of cultivars tested; however, rates of embryo formation were sometimes lower than those obtained under controlled environmental conditions. In general the anther culture response was greatest for cabbage and other vegetables that required vernalization for flowering. Results were lower for materials exposed to high temperature stresses before culture. Nevertheless, it is clear that the use of anther culture procedures in breeding programs is possible without access to extensive controlled environmental facilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00414.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant Protoplasts for Use in Somatic Cell Hybridization (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 226 (1970), S. 280-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Plant suspension cultures were grown in defined conditions5. Semi-purified pectinases included pectate lyase prepared from Tectinol 59L' (Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia)6 and endopolygalacturonase from Saccharomyces fragilis C3517. We obtained electrophoretically purified Trichoderma viride ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/226280a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray thermal scattering in the model Q-description. Linear lattice approximation (1972)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 28 (1972), S. 328-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Kinematical scattering from a crystal deformed by a progressive elastic wave was recalculated using the Q-function approach. A more general treatment, presented here, yields a new evaluation of the relative intensities of the satellite spots. Under the assumption of the adiabatic and harmonic approximations it was then possible by means of the central limit theorem to generalize calculations for the whole spectrum of elastic waves, however, for a model restricted to the chain crystal. The resulting Q-function consists of Gaussian curves, diffusing lattice points in the vector space. If amplitudes of elastic waves are defined by energy distribution among different modes of vibration, the appropriate Q-function becomes in general temperature-sensitive. For the low temperature region it is represented by Gaussian curves of practically constant variance, not depending on temperature. The calculated diffraction pattern is almost the same as given by the simple DW theory of independent atomic motions. For the high temperature region the variances of Gaussian curves are represented by the parabolic function, which strongly depends on temperature. An appropriate diffraction pattern displayed, each time, features common to the TDS, a sudden decrease as well as broadening of the Bragg peaks. The latter effect in the present treatment is a simple consequence of the harmonic model of a crystal. The Q-function method accounts for the TDS peaking at the Bragg positions and seems to offer some possibilities for explaining the existence of the inversion temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739472000907
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatty acid changes during development of zygotic and microspore-derived embryos of Brassica napus (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 81 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cultured microspores of Brassica napus L. cvs Topas and Reston initiated cell divisions within 3 to 4 days, and globular, heart and torpedo shaped embryos were prevalent after approximately 6, 8, and 10 days, respectively. Embryos with rudimentary cotyledons were evident within 2 weeks, but those that reached this stage of development represented only 1–5% of the original microspore population. The fresh weight of microspore-derived embryos at all stages of development was significantly greater than that for zygotic embryos, but the pattern of change in fresh weight and fatty acid accumulation was similar in developing zygotic and microspore embryos. In freshly isolated microspores of both Topas (low erucic acid) and Reston (high erucic acid), the predominant fatty acid was 18:3, while 18:1 comprised less than 15% of total fatty acids. During development in both zygotic and microspore embryos, the level of 18:3 declined markedly while 18:1 rapidly increased. Erucic acid (22:1) was not detected in the early stages of embryogenesis in Reston. However, small amounts of 22:1 appeared by early cotyledonary stage and the level gradually increased in both zygotic and microspore embryos through the later stages of development. The fatty acid compositions of mature embryos was nearly identical to that of dry seed, except the level of 22:1 in Reston embryos was consistently less than in the seed. Triacylglycerols comprised only 15% of total lipids in freshly isolated microspores, but increased to more than 90% by 4 weeks. The fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerol fraction was generally similar to that of total lipids at all stages of development of microspore-derived embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb05083.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of potentially embryogenic microspores in Brassica napus (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 74 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Studies were undertaken with Brassica napus L. cv. Topas to identify buds containing microspores predisposed to embryogenesis in vitro and to investigate bud and microspore development in relation to this process. No significant correlation was found between the final embryo number and bud components. There appears to be a developmental window of less than 8 h duration during which microspores are very likely to form embryos: over 70% of the microspores can undergo division and up to 70% of these can form embryos. Embryos were mainly obtained from late uninuucleate to early binucleate microspores: the former contained mainly a G2 or M phase nucleus located at the microspore periphery and the latter a generative nucleus (associated with the intine) and a vegetative nucleus. Observations indicated that only the vegetative nucleus contributed to embryo formation. The first embryogenic division occurred between 8 and 16 h for uninucleate- and between 8 and 48 h for binucleate-derived embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb00646.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioassembly of acyl lipids in microspore-derived embryos of Brassica campestris L. (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Brassica campestris ; Microspore ; Derived Embryos ; Acyl Lipid Biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The native lipid composition and the capacity of cell-free extracts to biosynthesize acyl lipids in vitro were determined for the first time using the recently reported microspore-derived (MD) embryo system from the Brassica campestris low erucic acid line BC-2 (Baillie et al. 1992). The total lipid fraction isolated from midcotyledonary stage MD embryos (21 days in culture) was composed primarily of triacylglycerol (76%) with an acyl composition quite similar to that of mature BC-2 seed. When incubated in the presence of glycerol-3-phosphate, 14C 18∶1-CoA, and reducing equivalents, homogenates prepared from 21-day cultured MD embryos were able to biosynthesize glycerolipids via the Kennedy pathway. The maximum in vitro rate of triacylglycerol biosynthesis could more than account for the known rate of lipid accumulation in vivo. The homogenate catalyzed the desaturation of 18∶1 to 18∶2 and to a lesser extent, 18∶3. The newly-synthesized polyunsaturated fatty acids initially accumulated in the polar lipid fraction (primarily phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylcholine) but began to appear in the triacylglycerol fraction after longer incubation periods. As expected for a low erucic acid cultivar, homogenates of MD embryos from the BC-2 line were incapable of biosynthesizing very long chain monounsaturated fatty acyl moieties (20∶1 and 22∶1) from 18∶1-CoA in vitro. Nonetheless, embryo extracts were still capable of incorporating these fatty acyl moieties into triacylglycerols when supplied with 14C 20∶1-CoA or 14C 22∶1-CoA. Collectively, the data suggest that developing BC-2 MD embryos constitute an excellent experimental system for studying pathways for glycerolipid bioassembly and the manipulation of this process in B. campestris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234696
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant regeneration from stem cortex expiant and protoplast cultures of Brassica juncea (mustard) (1992)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 11 (1992), S. 614-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Brassica juncea ; Expiants ; Protoplasts ; Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plant regeneration from stem cortex explants of 13 genotypes of Brassica juncea was assessed. Regeneration was strongly affected by genotype, as up to 50.6 shoots were produced per 100 calli of the most responsive line (Blaze), whereas no shoots were obtained from less responsive lines (Zeml, Vniimk351). Blaze was chosen for B. juncea stem cortex protoplast isolation. After one week of culture, 11–14% of the cells had divided, and about 0.002% produced 1–2 mm colonies within 6 weeks. Up to 7% of these colonies gave rise to shoots upon transfer to plant regeneration medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236384
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro culture of isolated microspores and regeneration of plants in Brassica campestris (1992)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 11 (1992), S. 234-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Brassica campestris ; Microspore ; Embryogenesis ; Haploid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A protocol previously developed for B. napus microspore culture was modified to produce embryos from several lines of Brassica campestris. Bud size, genotype, media constituents, and incubation time and temperature were examined. Donor plants were grown in a growth cabinet at a day/night temperature of 10/5°C. Microspores were isolated from buds 2.0 – 2.9 mm in length and cultured in modified Lichter (1982) medium containing 17% sucrose, pH 6.2. After 48 h at 32°C, the incubation medium was replaced with NLN (Lichter 1982) medium containing 10% sucrose. Microspores were cultured at 24°C in darkness and embryos developed after three weeks. More than 1000 plants have thus far been regenerated. Genotypic differences were observed for microspore embryogenesis. The majority of the regenerants were haploid, however colchicine could be effectively used to achieve chromosome doubling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235072
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Brassica rapa L. genotypes for microspore culture response and identification of a highly embryogenic line (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 14 (1995), S. 580-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Brassica rapa ; Microspore ; Embryogenesis ; Haploid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isolated microspore culture techniques are being widely used in Brassica breeding programs to generate haploid and doubled haploid plants. A number of factors influence regeneration response in vitro including genotype. In order to assess the effect of genotype on microspore embryogenesis in B. rapa L. var. oleifera, 17 cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated. Embryos developed from all but one genotype when using NLN medium with 17% sucrose, followed by a reduction in sucrose concentration to 10%, 48 h later. The number of embryos /100 buds differed between genotypes, ranging from 0 to 70. Further studies indicated that sucrose concentration and incubation time influenced embryogenesis. Selection studies carried out with an Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada breeding line have resulted in the identification of a highly embryogenic B. rapa line. This line produced thousands of microspore-derived embryos /100 buds and will be useful in mutant selection and gene transfer as well as biochemical and developmental studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231942
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for Brassica carinata (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Brassica ; Mustard ; Transgenic ; Transformation ; Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration were readily achieved from cotyledonary petioles and hypocotyls of Brassica carinata. These explants were used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A construct containing the selectable marker genes, neomycin phosphotransferase II, phosphinothricin acetyl transferase and the reporter gene β-glucuronidase, under the control of a tandem 35S promoter, was used for transformation. Although transformation was achieved with both cotyledonary petioles and hypocotyls, cotyledonary petioles responded best, with 30–50% of the explants producing GUS-positive shoots after selection on 25 mg/l kanamycin. Direct selection on L-phosphinothricin also produced resistant shoots but at a lower frequency (1–2%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050375
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