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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter- and Intra-Laboratory Variation in Amino Acid Analysis of Food Proteins (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Amino acid compositions of casein, egg white, beef, soy isolate, rapeseed concentrate, pea flour and wheat flour were studied by seven collaborating laboratories. Samples were hydrolyzed with 6N HCl, performic acid + 6N HCl, and (with one exception) 4.2N NaOH. Amino acids were then determined by ion-exchange chromatography using automatic analyzers. One laboratory, however, determined tryptophan by treatment with p-dimethylaminobenz-aldehyde. The colorimetric determination of tryptophan was comparable to the tryptophan values determined by ion-exchange chromatography. Interlaboratory variation of tryptophan (coefficients of variation, CV, up to 24%), cystine and methionine (CV up to 17%), was greater than that of most other amino acids (CV up to 10%). Intralaboratory variation for all amino acids was less than 5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb10781.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioassembly of acyl lipids in microspore-derived embryos of Brassica campestris L. (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Brassica campestris ; Microspore ; Derived Embryos ; Acyl Lipid Biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The native lipid composition and the capacity of cell-free extracts to biosynthesize acyl lipids in vitro were determined for the first time using the recently reported microspore-derived (MD) embryo system from the Brassica campestris low erucic acid line BC-2 (Baillie et al. 1992). The total lipid fraction isolated from midcotyledonary stage MD embryos (21 days in culture) was composed primarily of triacylglycerol (76%) with an acyl composition quite similar to that of mature BC-2 seed. When incubated in the presence of glycerol-3-phosphate, 14C 18∶1-CoA, and reducing equivalents, homogenates prepared from 21-day cultured MD embryos were able to biosynthesize glycerolipids via the Kennedy pathway. The maximum in vitro rate of triacylglycerol biosynthesis could more than account for the known rate of lipid accumulation in vivo. The homogenate catalyzed the desaturation of 18∶1 to 18∶2 and to a lesser extent, 18∶3. The newly-synthesized polyunsaturated fatty acids initially accumulated in the polar lipid fraction (primarily phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylcholine) but began to appear in the triacylglycerol fraction after longer incubation periods. As expected for a low erucic acid cultivar, homogenates of MD embryos from the BC-2 line were incapable of biosynthesizing very long chain monounsaturated fatty acyl moieties (20∶1 and 22∶1) from 18∶1-CoA in vitro. Nonetheless, embryo extracts were still capable of incorporating these fatty acyl moieties into triacylglycerols when supplied with 14C 20∶1-CoA or 14C 22∶1-CoA. Collectively, the data suggest that developing BC-2 MD embryos constitute an excellent experimental system for studying pathways for glycerolipid bioassembly and the manipulation of this process in B. campestris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234696
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptide bond synthesis by clostridiopeptidase B (1986)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 8 (1986), S. 777-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Clostridiopeptidase B was used for peptide bond synthesis with Cbz-ARG-OMe as substrate and 17 amino acid amides as nucleophiles. Synthetic yields ranging from 75 to 98% were obtained for most of the amides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020821
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrate- and stereo-specificities in clostripain-catalyzed peptide synthesis (1986)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 8 (1986), S. 873-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Clostripain was used for peptide bond synthesis with 18 carbobenzoxy-amino acid methyl esters as substrate and PRO-NH2 as nucleophile. Dipeptide bond synthesis was observed only for Cbz-L-ARG-OMe (72%) and Cbz-L-LYS-OMe (34%). With the exception of D-PRO-NH2, nucleophile stereospecificity is not restricted to the L isomer. D- and L-forms of PHE and TRP amides gave the same product yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01078650
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of chemical mutagenesis and biotechnology to the modification of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 317-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Linum usitatissimum ; linseed ; mutation breeding ; somaclonal variation ; fatty acids ; genetic engineering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In the early 1980s the phenomenon of somaclonal variation induced by cell culture was exploited to produce genetic variation in linseed. The linseed variety Andro, derived from the widely grown Canadian variety McGregor, was selected in saline culture and was released for production in Canada. ‘Andro’ possesses traits very different from its parent, such as increased seedling vigour and tolerance to heat stress. Additional stable somaclonal variation in characters such as yield, days to maturity, seed weight and oil content were subsequently induced in ‘McGregor’. However, despite extensive screening of the somaclonal variants, no significant variation in the fatty acid profile was found. Chemical mutagenesis using ethyl methanesulphonate was, however, succesful in modifying the fatty acid profile of McGregor. Initial screening of M2 seed by the thiobarbituric acid colourimetric procedure was followed by gas chromatography to select half-seeds with atypical fatty acid profiles. Two independent, partially dominant genes were identified that were responsible for reducing the linolenic acid (18 : 3) from 50% to 2% while increasing linoleic acid (18 : 2) to 70%. A single, partially dominant gene, inherited independently of the linolenic acid genes, increased palmitic acid (16 : 0) from 7% to 30% and palmitoleic acid (16 : 1) from trace amounts to 4%. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of linseed has also been successful. Herbicide tolerance genes for glyphosate, sulfonylurea and phosphinothricin have been incorporated into Canadian varieties. Commercially useful levels of tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides have been achieved with no adverse agronomic affect. It is expected that a transgenic variety containing this resistance will be registered for commercial production in Canada in 1994. Standard breeding techniques, the application of antisense technology and the overexpression of fatty acid synthesis genes are being used to further modify the fatty acid profile of linseed, as well as for the transfer of abiotic stress-related genes identified in bromegrass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023961
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and clinical studies of a new case of α-aminoadipic aciduria (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 1 (1978), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A mentally retarded, 10-year-old female with obesity, hypotonia, clumsiness and mild ocular abnormalities excreted in her urine large amounts of α-aminoadipic acid. Amino acid analyser studies and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmed the presence of α-aminoadipic acid in both urine and plasma but, in contrast to most other patients with this disorder, failed to demonstrate significant levels of α-ketoadipic acid in urine. Other known causes of α-aminoadipic aciduria were eliminated by showing that levels of lysine, saccharopine and pipecolic acid in plasma and urine were normal and that the activity of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase was also normal. Loading with L-lysine and L-tryptophan both increased the concentration of α-aminoadipic acid in blood and urine compatible with a primary deficiency of α-ketoadipate dehydrogenase, in spite of the absence of α-ketoadipic aciduria. Dietary restriction of lysine and administration of vitamins B1 and B6 were unsuccessful in correcting the biochemical abnormality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01805581
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal 5-oxoprolinuria: Difficult-to-diagnose? (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 6 (1983), S. 44-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A male newborn infant presented with metabolic acidosis and haemolytic anaemia. Renal tubular acidosis was suspected in the absence of amino aciduria and the patient was treated with sodium bicarbonate. Two years later, the chronic acidosis, clinical observation of developmental delay and ataxia prompted further investigational studies. 5-Oxoprolinuria was identified by gas-liquid chromatography and confirmed by mass spectrometry after an initial mass spectrum analysis reported a glutamic acid artifact. Glutathione and glutathione synthetase in erythrocytes were 25% and 5% of control values, respectively. On the basis of neonatal metabolic acidosis, without amino aciduria and an elevated reticulocyte count, a recommendation is made for blood glutathione and urine 5-oxoproline screening, followed by glutathione synthetase assay for confirmation of neonatal 5-oxoprolinuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02391193
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex attractants for Geometrid and Noctuid moths (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 727-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex attractants ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; Noctuidae ; stereospecific synthesis ; (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons ; (3Z,6Z,9S,10R)-9,10-epoxydienes ; (3Z,6Z,9R, 10S)-9,10-epoxydienes ; electroantennogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Male moths belonging to 17 species of Geometridae and nine species of Noctuidae were captured in traps baited with synthetic chemicals as part of a field screening program. The compounds tested were the C18-C22 homologs of: (1) (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons; (2) mixtures containing equal quantities of (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-expoxydienes, (3Z,92Z)-cis-6,7-epoxydienes, and (6Z,9Z)-cis-3,4-epoxydienes; (3) (3Z,6Z)-9S,10R-epoxydienes; (4) (3Z,6Z)-9R,10S-epoxydienes; and (5) (3Z,6Z,9Z,11E)-nonadecatetraene. Field captures and electroantennographic assays revealed a high degree of specificity in the responses of many species to the synthetic chemicals. In several species the ability of males to discriminate between the 9S,10R and 9R,10S enantiomers of the monoepoxydiene isomers was clearly shown. Synergists and inhibitors were discovered for several of the reported attractants, some of which were not previously known to have semiochemical activity. The geometrid moths captured includedEpirrhoe sperryi (Herbulot),Mesoleuca ruficillata (Guenée),Triphosa haesitata (Guenée),Metanema inatomaria (Guenée),Prochoerodes transversata (Drury),Cabera erythemaria (Guenée),Synaxis jubararia (Hulst),Dysstroma brunneata ethela (Hulst),Eulithes testata (Linnaeus),Sicya macularia (Harris),Xanthorhoe iduata (Guenée),X. abrasaria aquilonaria (Herrich-Schäffer),X. munitata (Hübner),Itame loricaria (Eversmann),Eupithecia annulata (Hulst),E. rovocastaliata (Packard) andE. satyrata dodata (Taylor). The noctuid moths captured includedBleptina caradrinalis (Guenée),Idia américalis (Guenée),I. aemula (Hübner),Rivula propinqualis (Guenée),Lomanaltes eductalis (Walker),Spargaloma sexpunctata (Grote),Caenurgina distincta (Neumuller),Euclidia cuspidea (Hübner), andZale duplicata (Bethune). Six of the nine noctuid species captured belong to three subfamilies for which sex attractants had not been reported previously. Details for the stereospecific synthesis of (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-epoxydienes are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988302
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