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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation and acetylcholine sensitivity of skeletal muscle cells differentiatedin vitro from chick embryoSupported by grants from the Japanese Ministry of Education (to M. Kano) and the Muscular Dystrophy Associations of America, Inc. (to Y. Shimada). (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 78 (1971), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Trypsin-dissociated myoblasts from leg muscle of 12-day chick embryos have been cultured in monolayers. After four days the muscle cultures have been confronted with fragments of the spinal cord of six-day chick embryos.Electrophysiological and morphological analysis demonstrate that characteristic neuromuscular transmission can develop in these cultures. Electrical stimulation of the cord fragment evokes contractions of innervated muscle fibers, from which end plate potentials and miniature end plate potentials with average frequency around one per second or more can be recorded. D-tubocurarine (1 μg/ml) suppresses reversibly these synaptic potentials.Non-innervated muscle fibers are sensitive to acetylcholine over all their surface, while innervated muscle fibers are sensitive at the regions where structures suggestive of motor end plate (“bulb-type”) are found.We can conclude that neuromuscular connections developed in vitro in our experiments are functional in respect of transmission of impulses but also in respect of neurotrophic influences for restriction of chemosensitivity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040780210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrodotoxin-resistant electric activity in chick skeletal muscle cells differentiated in vitro (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 81 (1973), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells differentiated in cell culture from trypsin-dissociated myoblasts produce a spike response which is tetrodotoxin-sensitive. It has been found that many cells also produce a plateau response which is resistant to tetrodotoxin. The plateau response frequently occurs even in the muscle cells which do not normally exhibit the spike response. During the plateau response membrane resistance is greatly reduced below its resting value. The current-voltage relation in muscle cells with the plateau response is always S-shaped. It is suggested that the plateau arises from a voltage-dependent increase in permeability to external cations whose influx produce the maintained depolarization, and from low level of repolarizing potassium outflux. The plateau response is sensitive to manganese ions. This finding, together with resistibility to tetrodotoxin, suggests that calcium ions are the dominant carriers for the depolarizing current.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040810110
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of excitability in embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 86 (1975), S. 503-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During embryonic and early postnatal development, the chick leg muscle cells undergo a series of changes in their electrical responses in the following sequence: passive response, plateau response, plateau plus spike response and spike response. This suggests that the electrogenetic mechanism of muscles matures during development; a mechanism producing the plateau may first be induced, and then that producing the spike. The plateau is sensitive to manganese or cobalt ions, while the spike to tetrodotoxin. This suggests that the plateau is related to the increase in permeability to calcium ions, while the spike to sodium ions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040860307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of spike potentials in skeletal muscle cells differentiated in vitro from chick embryo (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 90 (1977), S. 439-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of spike potential mechanisms during cell differentiation was studied in chick myotubes formed in vitro from trypsin-dissociated myoblasts. The spike potential and its rate of rise were measured in myotubes from 4-14 day old cultures. A depolarizing current pulse was delivered to evoke the spike potential after the steady membrane potential had been adjusted to a standard level of -80 mV in all cases. This gives the greatest maximum rate of rise of the spike potential and eliminates variation due to differences in the resting membrane potential of the myotubes. The size and maximum rate of rise of the spike potential increased significantly during the period examined. The spike potential was blocked by tetrodotoxin in almost all myotubes. These results suggest that during differentiation myotubes develop the ability to generate a spike potential due to an inward current carried by sodium ions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040900307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of action potential in larval muscle fibers in Drosophila melanogasterThis work was supported by grants from the Japanese Ministry of Education Science and Culture. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 93 (1977), S. 383-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the presence of tetraethylammonium or barium ions, the larval muscle fibers of Drosophila melanogaster were found to produce an all-or-none action potential operated by the calcium channels. The development of this distinctive membrane property during the maturation of muscle cells was studied by measuring the maximum rate of rise of the action potential in the larval muscle fibers at different stages of development from the sixteenth to ninety-sixth hours after hatching. The value increased significantly with age until a peak was reached at the sixty-fourth hour, although it became lower again as puparium formation neared at about the ninety-sixth hour. This suggests that during larval development the muscle fibers develop the ability to generate an action potential due to an inward current through the calcium channels, although the ability became lower at the later stage of larval development.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040930309
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrogenesis of embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells differentiated in vitroThis work is supported by grants from the Japanese Ministry of Education (to M. Kano) and the Muscular Dystrophy Associations of America, Inc. (to Y. Shimada). (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 79 (1972), S. 363-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electrogenesis of embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells differentiated in monolayer cultures was investigated. Muscle fibers in vitro generate spike potentials similar to those of fibers in vivo. However, other responses, plateaux resembling those in heart muscle, are also elicited. These results suggest that a functional differentiation exists in cultured muscle fibers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040790306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurotrophic effect of nerve extract on development of tetrodotoxin-sensitive spike potential in skeletal muscle cells in culture (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 99 (1979), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of the presence of nerve extracts on the development of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive sodium channels in cultures of dissociated embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells was examined by measuring the maximum rate of rise of TTX-sensitive spike potential. The addition of the nerve extract prepared from brain or spinal cord of chick embryos to the culture medium caused an increase in the channel density. Extracts of non-neural tissues, i.e., lung, kidney, and muscle, were ineffective Liver extract, however, produced an effect similar to the nerve extracts. These resutls suggest that the TTX-sensitive sodium channels in the muscle cell membrane are regulated by a diffusible chemical substance independently of innervation, and that this substance resides in neural tissues, and perhaps also in liver.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040990307
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Participation of transient-type Ca2+ channels in the sustained increase of Ca2+ level in GH3 cells (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 144 (1990), S. 62-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Participation of two types of Ca2+ channels (T- and L-types) in the sustained increase of cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was studied in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated clonal GH3 pituitary cells. The effects of Ca2+ channel blockers were analyzed by measuring Ca2+ channel current and [Ca2+]i, using whole-cell voltage-clamp and Fura-2 fluorometry, respectively. Phenytoin (100 μM) and Ni2+ (100 μM) selectively blocked T-type Ca2+ channels and suppressed the TRH-induced sustained [Ca2+]i increase in single cells. Synthetic ω-conotoxin (ω-CgTX, 2 μM) preferentially blocked L-type Ca2+ channels, but it did not suppress the TRH-induced sustained [Ca2+]i increase. The present results suggest that the sustained elevations of [Ca2+]i triggered by TRH may be mediated by T-type Ca2+ channels in GH3 cells.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041440109
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